Magistriniame darbe, naudojant tesės aktų, dokumentų, parengtų programų ir strategijų, statistinių duomenų bei mokslinės literatūros analizės metodą, analizuojamas ir lyginamas Lietuvos ir Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas. Naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, pristatomi paskirų šalių valdininkų ketinimai ir nuomonės apie tam tikras emigracijos politikos formavimo bei įgyvendinimo aktualias problemas. Siekiant atsakyti į iškeltus uždavinius, pirmoje (teorinėje) dalyje emigracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas aiškinamas viešosios politikos teorijos kontekste. Siekiant išry�����kinti Lietuvos bei Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavimo ir įgyvendinimo pagrindinę priežastį, trumpai pristatoma migracijos (emigracijos) teorija. Sekančiuose darbo skyriuose galima pastebėti, kad pristatyta teorija daugeliu atvejų randa savo atvaizdą praktiniame Lietuvos bei Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavime ir įgyvendinime. Antrame darbo skyriuje aptariami šiuo metu Lietuvoje ir Lenkijoje stebimi piliečių emigracijos mastai ir tendencijos bei analizuojami su tuo susiję šalių Respublikų Parlamentų bei Vyriausybių veiksmai formuojant emigracijos politiką. Taip pat aptariamos Lietuvos ir Lenkijos politinių partijų programose numatytos priemonės skirtos emigracijos politikai formuoti. Lyginant šalių atvejus, pagrindiniai skirtumai pastebimi politinių partijų programų atžvilgiu, kurios daugiau ar mažiau skiriasi savo konkretumo lygiu, kas savo ruožtu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master thesis deals with the analysis and the comparison of the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy in Poland and Lithuania. The examination of the law, documents, prepared programs and strategies, statistics and scholar literature was used as a method for further analysis. In order to present the aims and opinions of the particular officers and politicians about the relevant problems, related to the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy, the half-structured interviews were used. In order to achieve earlier set tasks, the theoretical part of the thesis explains the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy in the context of public policy theory. Thus, a short migration (emigration) theory is presented in order to highlight the main reasons of the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy. The following sections of the paper show that earlier presented theory is in very many cases reflected in the practice of the emigration policy. The second section of the paper presents the current degree and tendencies of the citizens’ emigration and the actions of the nations’ Parliament and government, related to the formation of the emigration policy. Additionally, this part of the paper describes the clues meant for formation of the emigration policy, provided in the programs of polish and Lithuanian political parties. The comparison of the two countries policy shows the differences in the programs of the... [to full text]

Cette thèse est consacrée aux « brûleurs » de frontières – les harraga – qui tentent de quitter l’Algérie sans passeport, ni visa sur des embarcations de fortune, au péril de leur vie. Elle s’appuie et discute le modèle « exit, voice et loyalty » développé par Albert Hirschman afin de stimuler la réflexion et explorer la relation entre émigration et contestation. À partir de sources très diverses – des entretiens semi-directifs avec des harraga et des membres de leur famille, l’observation de procès de harraga, des articles de presse, des productions culturelles, des discours politiques, des textes de lois et des documents d’orientation politique – cette thèse documente les facteurs et les modalités de départ des harraga. Elle s’intéresse également au processus de publicisation et politisation de ce phénomène migratoire en Algérie et analyse les politiques mises en œuvre par les autorités algériennes afin de lutter contre la harga. Les harraga estiment qu’ils appartiennent aux marges d’un système socio-économique corrompu et inégalitaire dans lequel ils n’ont aucune perspective d’amélioration. Confrontés aux politiques migratoires restrictives, ils ne peuvent quitter le pays en respectant les lois imposées par les États. En raison des profils des harraga et de la dangerosité des itinéraires migratoires empruntés, la harga nourrit un discours critique qui porte à la fois sur la responsabilité des autorités dans la perpétuation d’un ordre socio-économique et politique qui pousse de jeunes algériens à quitter le pays, et sur la politique répressive mise en œuvre en réponse à la harga. En réponse à ce phénomène migratoire, les autorités algériennes mettent en œuvre une politique répressive qui s’inscrit dans des dynamiques de politique intérieure et extérieure. Le durcissement des lois sur l’émigration-immigration « irrégulière » en Algérie s’inscrit dans un contexte régional et dans le cadre de l’externalisation des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne. / This dissertation examines the political implications of harga in Algeria. Literally translated, harga means “burn”. In the Maghreb dialects, the term has come to describe a specific form of migration. Harragas (literally “those who burn”) are those who try to leave their home country without a passport or visa, on small boats, risking their lives. This dissertation uses Albert Hirschman’s model of “Exit, Voice and Loyalty” in order to stimulate reflection and explore the link between exit (emigration) and voice (protest). Drawing from a wide variety of sources – semi-structured interviews with harraga and their family members, observations of trials, newspaper articles, cultural products (movies, novels, paintings, etc.), political speeches, legal texts and policy papers – this dissertation documents the causes of migration and the emigration patterns from Algeria of harraga. It also studies the publicization and politicization process of harga in Algeria. Last, it analyzes the policies implemented by the Algerian government to limit harga. Harragas are trapped in the margins of a corrupt and unequal socio-economic system that offers no prospects of improvement. They cannot leave the country legally because of the restrictive policies implemented by the destination states. Therefore, they try to leave Algeria on small boats, risking their lives. Harragas do not leave in silence. Many newspaper articles and cultural products talk about harragas, who are referred to as undeniable proof that there is something wrong in Algeria. The Algerian authorities are deemed responsible for the departure of these young Algerians and are criticized for the repressive policies implemented as a response to harga. Domestic and international factors influence Algerian migration policy. Domestically, the policy is a response to the criticism that harga provoke. Internationally, the toughening migration laws and increasing penalties in Algeria.

The Master's thesis investigates a range of problems of migration policy of the Russian Federation. The main goal of the thesis is to identify causes, that underlay inefficiency of implemented measures in migration field; and to develop recommendations to make the Russian migration policy more efficient. A work solution process is based on the hypothesis that goals and tools of the Russian migration policy are not enough consecutive and effective, therefore the whole system requires revision and alteration. The theoretical part discloses the impact of migration on a national economy and provides considerations about how to create an efficient migration policy. The practical part focuses on analysis of Russian immigration, emigration and internal-migration policies. This part completes with author's proposals how to improve Russian migration policy. Research is conducted using the method of description, relation and qualitative analysis and prediction method.