学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第21232号 / 総総博第4号 / 新制||総総||1(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 池田 裕一, 教授 IALNAZOV Dimiter Savov, 教授 諸富 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM

L’allongement de la vie professionnelle est l’une des dispositions prise par les politiques afin de faire face au vieillissement démographique. Dans cette perspective, les salariés entrent dans un processus de vieillissement au travail. Le travail, lui-même, a fortement évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Il est marqué par de nombreux changements techniques et organisationnels qui ont pour effet de reconfigurer les pratiques et compétences des salariés (Caroli, 2001 ; Greenan, 2003 ; Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Les salariés vieillissent et devront vieillir dans des environnements de plus en plus médiatisés par les TIC. Or, les difficultés des salariés les plus âgés à s’adapter aux changements techniques et technologiques sont connues et démontrées (Czaja et Sharit, 1993 ; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) aux dépens des ressources mobilisées par ces salariés de façon à ce qu’ils continuent à « bien faire » leur travail. Dès lors, notre thèse vise à interroger (a) les effets des nouvelles technologies sur l’activité des salariés âgés ainsi que (b) les conditions sociotechniques qui permettent l’acceptation des TIC par ces salariés âgés. Nous postulons que les TIC n’ont pas nécessairement un effet délétère sur l’activité des salariés âgés dès lors que l’environnement sociotechnique rend possible le développement de l’activité de ces derniers.Dans la perspective d’une approche tout à la fois systémique, située et développementale, nous avons déployé une démarche de recueil procédant par double triangulation : méthodologique et des points de vue. A cet effet, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés à la fois avec des représentants syndicaux, médecins du travail, demandeurs d’emploi seniors et salariés âgés. L’objectif est d’appréhender les relations entre vieillissement et travail de différents points de vue. Des observations et techniques de verbalisations ont également été mobilisées afin d’appréhender l’activité des salariés âgés in situ. Enfin, des entretiens d’explicitations ont été menés sur la base des observations précédemment citées afin de cerner ce qui, dans l’expérience vécue de chaque salarié âgé, orientait ses actions, tout en permettant, ou non, le développement de son activité. Nos résultats confirment que les relations vieillissement, travail et TIC sont complexes. En effet, une multitude d’éléments rentrent en jeu dans leur configuration et dans leur articulation. Néanmoins, certains d’entre eux apparaissent prépondérants : le niveau de formation initiale, l’existence et l’appartenance à un collectif de travail, la possibilité de mobiliser le métier dans sa dimension transpersonnelle (outils de travail, ficelles du métier), la latitude organisationnelle ou encore que le caractère « plastique » et ajustable des TIC aux exigences de l’activité. Ces éléments sont tout autant de moyens qui permettent aux salariés âgés de développer les compétences nécessaires à l’usage des TIC en situation pour ainsi les intégrer à leurs pratiques de travail. / The lengthening of working life has been one of the policy measures taken in order to deal with demographic ageing, and this has led workers to enter the ageing process as they are still working. Work itself has much evolved over the last few decades, as many technical and organizational changes have reconfigured the practices and skills of workers (Caroli, 2001, Greenan, 2003, Vendramin & Valenduc, 2002). Workers age, and will continue to age, in environments ever more shaped by information and communication technologies (ICT). The difficulties that the oldest workers face in adapting to technical and technological change has been well known (Czaja and Sharit, 1993; Greenan, Narcy & Volkoff, 2012) and demonstrated by the resources they mobilize so as to keep on doing “good work.” Our thesis seeks to investigate (a) the effects new technologies have on the activity of older workers as well as (b) the sociotechnical conditions that enable them to accept ICTs. We posit that ICTs are not necessarily detrimental to the activity of older workers as long as the sociotechnical environment enables its development.Using an approach that is at once systemic, situated and developmental, we have collected data by double triangulation – methodologically, as well as by gathering points of view. We have achieved this through semi-directive interviews held with union representatives, occupational health doctors, elderly job seekers and older workers. The aim is to gain better insight into the relation between work and ageing, from different points of view. Observations and verbalization techniques have also been performed to understand the activity of older workers in situ. Finally, clarifying interviews have been held following observations in order to discern which aspects in the experience of each older worker oriented their actions while enabling, or not, the development of their activity.Our findings confirm that the relations between ageing, work and ITCs are complex, as many factors come into play in their configuration and articulation. There appear however to be a certain number of overriding factors: level of initial education; existence of, and belonging to, a work collective; ability to engage in the transpersonal dimension of one’s progression (working tools and “tricks of the trade”); organizational latitude; or the “plasticity” or adaptability of ICTs to the demands of the activity. All these are means for older workers to develop the necessary skills to use ICTs situationally so as to integrate them in their professional practice.

Le jeu de transition offensive est défini comme le passage pour une équipe d’un statut de défenseur à celui d’attaquant. Selon les entraîneurs de football, ce moment, symbolisé par la récupération du ballon dans la dynamique du jeu, offre des potentialités plus importantes d’inscrire un but. Ce travail de thèse a ainsi cherché à décrire la coordination entre les partenaires durant la réalisation de plusieurs moments de transition offensive extraits de matchs au cours d’une saison. Il s’inscrit dans la ligne de recherche de la cognition collective. Il cherche à décrire le partage de contenus cognitifs permettant aux membres d’une équipe de se coordonner dans un environnement dynamique et incertain. Par coordination, nous entendons l’articulation des contributions interdépendantes de plusieurs joueurs d’une même équipe en vue d’atteindre un objectif commun. Nous avons d’abord caractérisé les connaissances partagées par les joueurs autour du jeu de transition offensive au début du championnat. Nous avons ensuite décrit les relations entre les buts visés par les joueurs durant la réalisation de ces moments ainsi que le partage d’informations contextuelles et de connaissances en acte. Notre étude apporte des éléments relatifs à la compréhension d’un collectif sur un moment particulier du jeu. A partir des résultats, nous contribuons à la réflexion sur les dispositifs d’entraînement au football en nous référant au cadre de l’ergonomie constructive. Nous introduisons notamment les concepts de capabilités et d’environnements capacitants dans l’aide au développement d’un collectif efficace / In team sports, offensive transition situation is defined as the switch from defensive to offensive status as a consequence of a beneficial turn-over in the ball possession. For soccer coaches, this situation is considered to give rise to opportunities to score a goal. The whole aim of this work is to describe and characterize how teammates of a same team are coordinated themselves during various offensive transition situations in situ. For this purpose, we adopt the team cognition’s line of research to describe the way teammates share cognitive contents enabling coordination. First, we have identified knowledge elements shared by players related to offensive transition situation at the beginning of the season. Then, we have characterized (a) the forms of connection between the objectives aimed at by the players, (b) the sharing of contextual information and (c) the sharing of knowledge elements during offensive transition situations. Our results shed the light on new knowledge elements for the comprehension of a team during complex and dynamic situations as such as diversity of shared elements and characterization of the evolution of the forms of sharedness. As a practical perspective, we propose a reflection about soccer training based on the constructive ergonomics approach supporting approach of both capabities and enabling environments for the development of efficacy collective in soccer.

Rapid changes in the healthcare environment increase the need for nurse practitioners to be motivated, knowledgeable and skilled in order to ensure quality patient care. Accident and emergency units are challenging environments and by ensuring that nurse practitioners work in an enabling environment, they should be motivated, skilled and knowledgeable and be able to think critically to enhance their own professional growth and emancipated practice. This in turn may increase the nurse practitioners’ job satisfaction, which in turn encourage job retention and may influence patient outcomes positively. A journey towards a shared vision namely “emancipatory practice development” was undertaken in an accident and emergency unit of a Level III public hospital. Following the diagnosis of an emergency situation, action research was applied to change the perceived toxic environment to an enabling environment. The study was conducted within the critical social theory paradigm and descriptive, explorative and contextual in nature. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were utilised. Throughout the action research for practitioners project, collaboration enhanced the emancipation of the nurse leaders, as key drivers of the process, as well as the nurse practitioners. Short and long-term actions were planned, implemented and amended based on observations and reflection following each cycle of the project. During this process a toxic environment was changed to an enabling environment, in which nurse practitioners were retained and additional spin-offs followed. Guidelines for the application and implementation of the process as utilised in this study were compiled to guide others who experience similar challenges. / Health Sciences / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Dans son rapport rédigé en 2014, le Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France) ouvrait une interrogation d’enjeu majeur : alors même que les connaissances ne cessent de progresser nous sommes de plus en plus confrontés à des crises et des retours de réalité. La diversité et la persistance de leurs manifestations interrogent le monde de la recherche et la société dans son ensemble. Ce questionnement, partagé avec le partenaire industriel avec lequel nous avons engagé cette recherche, nous a conduits à retenir que l’Entreprise était un lieu particulièrement fécond pour aborder cette problématique. Dans ce cadre de recherche partenarial, nous avons retenu d’y contribuer en investiguant la tension entre les espaces saturés de réponses (exigence apocritique) dans lesquels nous opérons, et les retours de réalité auxquels le monde que nous constituons se cogne (exigence problématologique).Notre thèse vise à rendre compte de l’exploration d’un geste critique et réflexif que nous avons mobilisé au service de l’expérimentation sociale. Elle défend une perspective qui peut permettre d’articuler et de travailler le rapport entre « critique » et « possible », en vue de soutenir, le cas échéant, l’émergence de modalités alternatives ou de nouveaux arrangements sociaux auparavant ignorés et qui deviendraient dès lors perceptibles. Cette recherche a été conduite :- avec comme terrain un domaine de gestion emblématique de la GRH à savoir celui du recrutement de nouveaux collaborateurs,- et en lieu et place des acteurs en charge de la direction de celui-ci.En quoi et comment cette typologie d’acteurs, dans ce type de contexte, peuvent-ils soutenir un geste critique et réflexif en vue de permettre des sauts qualitatifs conséquents en matière de relevance sociétale ? S’il pouvait se déployer, ne se traduirait-il pas par des transformations sociales ? Telles sont les questions qui ont guidé notre travail. La recherche présentée a comporté 2 phases : - la première qui a consisté à interroger dans quelle mesure ces « travailleurs du savoir » peuvent ou non déployer un geste critique et réflexif à même de faire émerger de la ressource pour proposer des alternatives.- la seconde qui a pris la forme d’une proposition de reconceptualisation du territoire de la situation de recrutement que nous avons ensuite mise à l’épreuve sur un terrain spécifique, à savoir celui portant sur la famille des « techniciens gaziers ». Elle dégage trois ensembles de résultats :- un premier d’ordre méthodologique dès lors que tout à la fois nous avons retenu une démarche visant à explorer par les possibles et que nous avons opéré en terrain sensible,- un second qui résulte de la mise à l’épreuve de la plasticité des frontières du système des relations industrielles et qui a conduit au déploiement d’une expérimentation sociale d’envergure,- un troisième qui rend compte de l’étude quasi-expérimentale que nous avons réalisée en vue d’expérimenter dans quelle mesure le déploiement d’un environnement capacitant était en mesure d’améliorer la santé psychologique des candidats. / In its report written in 2014, the Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France) faced a major problem: even as knowledge continues to grow, we are increasingly confronted with crises and returns of reality. The diversity and persistence of their manifestations challenge the world of research and society as a whole. This questioning has been shared with the industrial partner with whom we engaged this research. We conclude that the company was a particularly fertile place to address this issue. In this kind of research partnership, we hold on to contribute to the tension between the aeras saturated with responses (apocritical requirement) in which we operate and the returns of reality to which the world encounter (problematic requirement). Our thesis aims the exploration of a critical and reflexive gesture that we have mobilized in the service of social experimentation. It advocates a perspective that allows to work on the relationship between the "critical" and "possible", in order to support the emergence of alternative conditions or new social arrangements that were previously ignored or unseen and would therefore become perceptible. This research has been conducted by using as field an emblematic management situation, namely the recruitment of new collaborators and the actors in charge of it. In which way and how can this typology of actors « knowleadge workers » support a critical and reflexive gesture in order to allow more significant qualitative leaps in terms of societal relevance? If it could be deployed, would it not result in social transformations ? These are the questions that have guided our work. The research we undertook involved two main phases:- The first was to question the extent to which these "knowledge workers" may or may not deploy a critical and reflexive gesture capable of coming up with the resources to propose alternatives.- The second, which proposes to reconceptualize the territory of the recruitment situation, which we then tested on a specific field, namely that of the "gas technicians". Three groups of results have been identified:- a first of a methodological nature since we have both adopted an approach aimed at exploring through the possible and operating in sensitive areas,- a second which results from testing the plasticity of the borders of the industrial relations systems and which has led to the deployment of a large-scale social experimentation,- a third that t reports on a quasi-experimental study conducted to test the extent to which the use of an enabling environment was able to improve the psychological health of candidates. / In seinem Bericht aus dem Jahr 2014 stand der Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (CSRT in Frankreich) vor einer großen Herausforderung: Auch wenn das Wissen und die Kenntnisse der Forschug weiter wachsen, sind wir zunehmend mit Krisen und Rückflüssen aus der Realität (retours de realité) konfrontiert. Die Vielfalt und Beständigkeit ihrer Erscheinungsformen wirft Fragen für die Forschungsgemeinschaft und die Gesellschaft als Ganzes auf. Diese Problematik stiess bei dem Industriepartner, mit dem wir diese Forschung durchgeführt haben, ebenfalls auf Gehör. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das Unternehmen ein optimaler Ort ist, um das Thema anzugehen. In dieser Art von Forschungskooperation möchten wir dazu beizutragen, die Kontroverse, den "Response Mode" (apokritische Anforderung) zu verwenden und die Tatsache mit Rückflüssen aus der Realität konfrontiert zu werden, untersuchen. Unsere Doktorarbeit zielt auf die Erforschung einer kritischen und reflexiven Handlung ab, welche wir zugunsten des sozialen Experimentierens mobilisiert haben. Dieser Blickwinkel ermöglicht es, das Verhältnis zwischen "kritisch" und "möglich" zu artikulieren, um im Anschluss das Entstehen alternativer Vorgehensweisen oder neuer sozialer Agreements zu unterstützen, die bisher ignoriert oder nicht wahrgenommen wurden. Diese Forschung wurde durchgeführt : - durch die Verwendung eines emblematischen Bereichs des Managements (HRM), nämlich der Einstellung neuer Mitarbeiter, - mit den dafür verantwortlichen Schlüsselfiguren. In welcher Weise und wie kann diese Typologie der Akteure (in diesem Kontext) eine kritische und reflexive Geste unterstützen, um bedeutendere qualitative Optimierungen in Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Relevanz zu ermöglichen? Wenn dies möglich wäre, würde es dann zu sozialen Veränderungen führen? Diese Fragen haben unsere Arbeit begleitet. Die von uns durchgeführte Forschung umfasste zwei Hauptphasen : - die erste bestand darin, das Ausmaß in Frage zu stellen, in dem diese "Wissensarbeiter" eine kritische und reflexive Handlung entfalten können oder auch nicht, um dann in der Lage zu sein, Ressourcen zu entwickeln, die Alternativen hervorbringen können, - die zweite, schlägt eine Rekonstruktion im Bereich der Personaleinstellung vor, die wir dann im bestimmten Berufszweig des "Gastechniker", getestet haben. Drei Typen von Ergebnissen wurden identifiziert : - ein erster methodischer Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, das Mögliche zu erforschen und auf sensiblen "Terrain" tätig zu sein, - ein zweiter, der sich aus der Prüfung der Plastizität der Grenzen des Systems der Arbeitsbeziehungen ergibt und zur Durchführung eines großen sozialen Experiments geführt hat, - ein dritter, der über die von uns durchgeführte quasi-experimentelle Studie berichtet, mit dem Ziel zu testen, inwieweit der Einsatz eines "kapazitätzreichen Umfelds" (enabling environment) die psychische Gesundheit der Kandidaten verbessert und stabilisiert.

Rapid changes in the healthcare environment increase the need for nurse practitioners to be motivated, knowledgeable and skilled in order to ensure quality patient care. Accident and emergency units are challenging environments and by ensuring that nurse practitioners work in an enabling environment, they should be motivated, skilled and knowledgeable and be able to think critically to enhance their own professional growth and emancipated practice. This in turn may increase the nurse practitioners’ job satisfaction, which in turn encourage job retention and may influence patient outcomes positively. A journey towards a shared vision namely “emancipatory practice development” was undertaken in an accident and emergency unit of a Level III public hospital. Following the diagnosis of an emergency situation, action research was applied to change the perceived toxic environment to an enabling environment. The study was conducted within the critical social theory paradigm and descriptive, explorative and contextual in nature. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were utilised. Throughout the action research for practitioners project, collaboration enhanced the emancipation of the nurse leaders, as key drivers of the process, as well as the nurse practitioners. Short and long-term actions were planned, implemented and amended based on observations and reflection following each cycle of the project. During this process a toxic environment was changed to an enabling environment, in which nurse practitioners were retained and additional spin-offs followed. Guidelines for the application and implementation of the process as utilised in this study were compiled to guide others who experience similar challenges. / Health Sciences / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Le développement du Capital Emotionnel pour un Mindful Management et une Qualité de Vie au Travail : une approche de la prévention des risques psycho-sociaux, du stress en particulier, par la psychologie positive et la thérapie de l’acceptation et de l’engagement (ACT) chez les apprentis aides-soignants et futurs personnels éducatifs / The development of Emotional Capital for Mindful Management and Quality of Life at Work: an approach to prevention of psychosocial risks, stress in particular, positive psychology via the acceptance and commitment therapy approach for apprentices carers and futur educators

On its own, the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is not a solution to either inequalities or unemployment, but it is an important strategy to address access to education and training for those previously excluded (SAQA, 2003a, p. 31) This study deals with the search for valid and sustainable mechanisms for the implementation of the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in South Africa. Some of the elements that facilitate implementation include stringent quality criteria and common benchmarks that build trust in the process and ensures the protection of the integrity of the system. In an education and training system, which is subject to intense change, RPL has an important contribution to make to the opening up of access to education and training for individuals previously denied the privilege. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Curriculum Studies / Unrestricted

[pt] O trabalho Ambiente esportivo e cuidado: repercussões no amadurecimento pessoal trata da facilitação ambiental ao processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano, proveniente de ações de cuidados advindas de fora do núcleo familiar. Tendo por base a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal de Winnicott, com ênfase em seus conceitos de ambiente facilitador e cuidado, buscou-se evidenciar as possibilidades que um ambiente esportivo tem de contribuir positivamente para a vida de crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, elegeu-se um projeto social esportivo cuja filosofia preza pela formação de cidadãs, e não de atletas. Foram, então, selecionadas dez ex-participantes de suas atividades esportivo-educativas que tenham passado, no mínimo, cinco anos frequentando o projeto, e que tenham seguido carreiras diversas da esportiva. Realizou- se, então, uma entrevista com roteiro oculto semiestruturado, abordando os temas: histórico no projeto social, motivos de entrada, de permanência e de saída, aprendizados e o ambiente esportivo-educacional. Constatou-se, em seus discursos, que apesar de valorizadas, as questões esportivas são menos enfatizadas do que aquelas concernentes ao ambiente relacional do projeto. Estas, por sua vez, motivaram sua permanência e são responsabilizadas pelos aprendizados que as entrevistadas relatam terem tido. São também enfatizadas as repercussões da participação no projeto fora das quadras, em sua autoestima e sentimento de empoderamento perante a vida, no relacionamento interpessoal (em casa, no trabalho, na faculdade) e em seu senso ético. Para fins de análise dos dados das entrevistas, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, conforme proposto por Laurence Bardin. / [en] The work Sports environment and care: effects on maturational process deals with environmental facilitation: from care actions arising outside of the family environment, to the human development process itself. Based on Winnicott s theory of personal maturation, with emphasis on the concepts of facilitating environment and care, it sought to highlight the possibilities through which a sporting environment can positively contribute to the lives of children and adolescents. To achieve this goal, a specific sports social project whose philosophy values the formation of citizens, not athletes, was analyzed. Then, ten former participants of the social project s sporting and educational activities, who have spent at least five years attending the project, and who have followed different careers rather than becoming professional athletes, were selected and submitted to a semi-structured interview, with hidden script, on the following themes: personal records and history within the social project; input on reasons for enrolling, staying and leaving the project; personal growth and learning; and the sports-educational environment. It was found in their answers that, although cherished, the sports issues are less stressed than those concerning the relational aspects of attending a sports-educational environment. Such relational aspects, in fact, led to the respondents permanence in the project and were, according to them, responsible for the learning that they report having had. The impact of participation in the project off-court is also emphasized, especially concerning their self-esteem and sense of empowerment towards life, interpersonal relationships (at home, at work, in college) and in their sense of ethics. To analyze the interview data, content analysis, as proposed by Laurence Bardin, was used.

The objective of the study was to examine the marketing strategies of Ethiopian medium and large textile companies. The textile sector became the focus of this study because it has performed far below expectation, despite the government‘s unreserved support to the sector and the country‘s comparative advantage in the sector. To attain the stated objective, qualitative research approach with case study design was employed. The cases were selected based on two criteria; production of finished textile products and operation in both local and global markets. Accordingly, nine companies qualified these criteria and all of them were used as cases. The RBV was the theory employed to explain the differences in performances among firms‘ in similar environment. Furthermore, within and cross case analyses were employed to get in-depth understanding and to explain about the marketing strategies of the firms. The major findings of the study indicate that the emphasis given to marketing strategy and the marketing resources and capabilities commitment thereof were found to be so low that the companies seemed to equate marketing strategy with selling strategy. Furthermore, the companies failed to link their marketing enabling environment with their marketing strategy. Similarly, such weak link was reflected between the firms‘ marketing strategy and their market performances. Hence, the marketing strategies of the case companies are so weak that with their current marketing strategy, it is difficult for them to be competent in the local market, let alone in the international markets. Generally, both empirical and conceptual conclusions were drawn from the findings. As a result, the cross-case findings indicate that marketing resources commitment is linearly linked to marketing strategy which in turn is linked to export performances. Therefore, it can be understood that the link between enabling environment and marketing strategy is direct and the link between marketing strategy and marketing performances is linear. Hence, it can be understood from this transitivity that there exists a link between firms‘ enabling environment and their marketing performances. / Business Management / D.B.L.