Magister Legum - LLM / Sustainable Energy (oil, gas and electricity) plays an important role in advancing productive capacity and increasing economic growth and sustainable development. In order to achieve this, there must be effective trade and investment in energy. Currently, there is relatively low regional and international trade in energy in the East African Community (EAC). Local and foreign direct investment flowing into the EAC is still very low in spite of a number of measures, such as, investment protection guarantees, that have been taken to improve investment. Each of the five countries in the EAC has its own energy policy, as well as a trade and investment policy and strategy. For some the policies are clearly stated; for others they are presumed. However, these policies are not effective. Without effective policies on trade and investment protection and promotion, the EAC will have minimum benefits in terms of terms of trade, investment inflows and sustainable economic development. The EAC is a customs union with an ultimate aim of attaining a political federation. Before this happens, there is need to have effective but also harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies. Adoption of comprehensive harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies shall provide a guideline to the Governments, the trade and investment agencies and other relevant stakeholders to follow in order to attain the ideals, objectives and spirit of the Community. This research, therefore, aims at proposing effective and harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies that Member States should pursue in order to develop the EAC into a viable integrated energy trade and investment zone. The study involves a review of the current policies, strategies, laws, regulations and practices in trade and investment in energy and a discussion of how the situation can be improved. The research raises many suggestions on conservation of energy as well as use of alternative sources . / South Africa

<p>Sustainable Energy (oil, gas and electricity) plays an important role in advancing productive capacity and increasing economic growth and sustainable development. In order to achieve this, there must be effective trade and investment in energy. Currently, there is relatively low regional and international trade in energy in the East African Community (EAC). Local and foreign direct investment flowing into the EAC is still very low in spite of a number of measures, such as, investment protection guarantees, that have been taken to improve investment. Each of the five countries in the EAC has its own energy policy, as well as a trade and investment policy and strategy. For some the policies are clearly stated / for others they are presumed. However, these policies are not effective. Without effective policies on trade and investment protection and promotion, the EAC will have minimum benefits in terms of terms of trade, investment inflows and sustainable economic development. The EAC is a customs union with an ultimate aim of attaining a political federation. Before this happens, there is need to have effective but also harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies. Adoption of comprehensive harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies shall provide a guideline to the Governments, the trade and investment agencies and other relevant stakeholders to follow in order to attain the ideals, objectives and spirit of the Community. This research, therefore, aims at proposing effective and harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies that Member States should pursue in order to develop the EAC into a viable integrated energy trade and investment zone. The study involves a review of the current policies, strategies, laws, regulations and practices in trade and investment in energy and a discussion of how the situation can be improved. The research raises many suggestions on conservation of energy as well as use of alternative sources ...</p>

<p>Sustainable Energy (oil, gas and electricity) plays an important role in advancing productive capacity and increasing economic growth and sustainable development. In order to achieve this, there must be effective trade and investment in energy. Currently, there is relatively low regional and international trade in energy in the East African Community (EAC). Local and foreign direct investment flowing into the EAC is still very low in spite of a number of measures, such as, investment protection guarantees, that have been taken to improve investment. Each of the five countries in the EAC has its own energy policy, as well as a trade and investment policy and strategy. For some the policies are clearly stated / for others they are presumed. However, these policies are not effective. Without effective policies on trade and investment protection and promotion, the EAC will have minimum benefits in terms of terms of trade, investment inflows and sustainable economic development. The EAC is a customs union with an ultimate aim of attaining a political federation. Before this happens, there is need to have effective but also harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies. Adoption of comprehensive harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies shall provide a guideline to the Governments, the trade and investment agencies and other relevant stakeholders to follow in order to attain the ideals, objectives and spirit of the Community. This research, therefore, aims at proposing effective and harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies that Member States should pursue in order to develop the EAC into a viable integrated energy trade and investment zone. The study involves a review of the current policies, strategies, laws, regulations and practices in trade and investment in energy and a discussion of how the situation can be improved. The research raises many suggestions on conservation of energy as well as use of alternative sources ...</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tecnologia nuclear, ter o seu domínio é, considerado nos dias de hoje, um diferencial para um país frente aos demais, podendo representar uma ameaça internacional a ser contida ou um aspecto de valorização tecnológica e política para aqueles cuja credibilidade internacional é reconhecida. Diante do uso crescente de novas tecnologias no setor e a necessidade de uma regulamentação, de acordo com os padrões de segurança internacionais, para assegurar a sua utilização, o objetivo desse estudo foi demonstrar se a radioproteção ocupacional e ambiental praticada em nosso país está de acordo com os padrões internacionais de segurança radiológica e nuclear. Para tanto, foi atualizada e revisada a legislação brasileira na área da energia nuclear comparando-a com as da União Europeia, contextualizados os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos da legislação nacional, apontadas críticas e sugestões para que reformas sejam realizadas visando a sua adequação aos padrões internacionais. A hipótese considerada demonstrou que mudanças na estrutura de regulação do setor nuclear brasileiro são necessárias, visando a criação de uma agência reguladora de atividades nucleares, com o intuito de assegurar que o estado da arte e da tecnologia, em termos de segurança nuclear, seja a base do exercício de suas atividades normativas de fiscalização e de avaliação de segurança na preservação do meio ambiente, da saúde do público e dos trabalhadores, frente às aplicações da energia nuclear. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para implementação de uma estrutura regulatória integrada com abordagem em qualidade e meio ambiente no processo de licenciamento de reatores nucleares de pesquisa no Brasil. A proposta foi desenvolvida a partir do estudo de processos de licenciamento de reatores nucleares de pesquisa de diversos países Membros da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica. Após esta fase, realizou-se um estudo comparativo destes processos com o processo de licenciamento de reatores nucleares de pesquisa Brasileiro, para identificação boas práticas (aspectos positivos), possíveis lacunas existentes e então apresentar uma proposta para gestão integrada em qualidade e meio ambiente, com o objetivo de contribuir com um novo esquema para o processo de licenciamento no Brasil. A revisão da literatura considerou os seguintes reatores nucleares de pesquisa: Jules-Horowitz e OSIRIS (França), Hanaro (Coréia do Sul), Maples 1 e 2 (Canada), OPAL (Austrália), Pallas (Holanda), ETRR-2 (Egito) e IEA-R1 (Brasil). O atual processo de licenciamento de reatores nucleares de pesquisa é conduzido por dois órgãos regulatórios: a Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Renováveis (IBAMA). A CNEN é responsável pelas questões nucleares, enquanto o IBAMA pelas questões ambientais. Para apoiar o trabalho, foram aplicados um instrumento de pesquisa e entrevistas, construídas com base na atual estrutura regulatória adotada para os quatro reatores de pesquisa existentes no Brasil. Atualmente, o processo de licenciamento nuclear para reatores de pesquisa no Brasil possui seis fases e o processo ambiental somente três fases. Um estudo da correlação entre estas fases fundamentou a proposta de uma nova estrutura regulatória integrada em qualidade e meio ambiente com quatro fases harmonizadas, reduzindo potencialmente os atrasos nos processos de licenciamento de reatores nucleares de pesquisa. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP