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Incorporating voltage security into the planning, operation and monitoring of restructured electric energy marketsNair, Nirmal-Kumar 12 April 2006 (has links)
As open access market principles are applied to power systems, significant changes
are happening in their planning, operation and control. In the emerging marketplace,
systems are operating under higher loading conditions as markets focus greater attention
to operating costs than stability and security margins. Since operating stability is a basic
requirement for any power system, there is need for newer tools to ensure stability and
security margins being strictly enforced in the competitive marketplace. This dissertation
investigates issues associated with incorporating voltage security into the unbundled
operating environment of electricity markets. It includes addressing voltage security in
the monitoring, operational and planning horizons of restructured power system.
This dissertation presents a new decomposition procedure to estimate voltage
security usage by transactions. The procedure follows physical law and uses an index
that can be monitored knowing the state of the system. The expression derived is based
on composite market coordination models that have both PoolCo and OpCo transactions,
in a shared stressed transmission grid. Our procedure is able to equitably distinguish the
impacts of individual transactions on voltage stability, at load buses, in a simple and fast
manner.
This dissertation formulates a new voltage stability constrained optimal power flow
(VSCOPF) using a simple voltage security index. In modern planning, composite power
system reliability analysis that encompasses both adequacy and security issues is being
developed. We have illustrated the applicability of our VSCOPF into composite
reliability analysis.
This dissertation also delves into the various applications of voltage security index.
Increasingly, FACT devices are being used in restructured markets to mitigate a variety
of operational problems. Their control effects on voltage security would be
demonstrated using our VSCOPF procedure. Further, this dissertation investigates the
application of steady state voltage stability index to detect potential dynamic voltage
collapse.
Finally, this dissertation examines developments in representation, standardization,
communication and exchange of power system data. Power system data is the key input
to all analytical engines for system operation, monitoring and control. Data exchange
and dissemination could impact voltage security evaluation and therefore needs to be
critically examined.
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DEVELOPING AN OPTIMAL AND REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VAN WITH ENHANCED FUEL CELL AND BATTERY LIFE AND PERFORMANCE / DEVELOPING AN OPTIMAL EMS FOR A FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VANMiranda, Tiago Suede January 2024 (has links)
This research presents a two-part study on a fuel cell electric van (FCEV), focusing on
vehicle modelling and developing different control strategies for the modelled vehicle.
The modelling phase accounts for the aging effects on the fuel cell (FC) and battery, analyzing FCEV behavior over time. This includes estimating and integrating
the degradation impacts on characteristic curves, such as the FC’s polarization and
efficiency curves, the battery’s charging and discharging resistance curves, and the
open-circuit voltage curve. A simplified fuel cell system (FCS) model is designed to
consider power losses in multiple components, including the FC stack, air compressor,
and others. The dynamic limits of the FC are also included to yield more realistic
results. The model is based on the vehicle Opel Vivaro FC specifications, incorporating parameters like maximum FC power, battery capacity, vehicle weight, and tire
dimensions.
Subsequently, various control strategies are applied to analyze their effectiveness
in FC and battery State-of-Health (SOH) degradation and hydrogen consumption. A
rule-based energy management system (EMS) is implemented first, which operates
with five different operational modes dependent on the vehicle’s state. This is followed
by a look-up table (LUT) based strategy, which uses two two-dimensional tables
generated by a Neural Network (NN). The network is trained with discretized optimal / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Advanced controllers for building energy management systems. Advanced controllers based on traditional mathematical methods (MIMO P+I, state-space, adaptive solutions with constraints) and intelligent solutions (fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms) are investigated for humidifying, ventilating and air-conditioning applications.Ghazali, Abu Baker MHD. January 1996 (has links)
This thesis presents the design and implementation of control strategies for building
energy management systems (BEMS). The controllers considered include the multi PI-loop controllers, state-space designs, constrained input and output MIMO adaptive
controllers, fuzzy logic solutions and genetic algorithm techniques. The control
performances of the designs developed using the various methods based on aspects such
as regulation errors squared, energy consumptions and the settling periods are
investigated for different designs. The aim of the control strategy is to regulate the room
temperature and the humidity to required comfort levels.
In this study the building system under study is a 3 input/ 2 output system subject to external disturbances/effects. The three inputs are heating, cooling and humidification,
and the 2 outputs are room air temperature and relative humidity. The external
disturbances consist of climatic effects and other stochastic influences. The study is
carried out within a simulation environment using the mathematical model of the test
room at Loughborough University and the designed control solutions are verified
through experimental trials using the full-scale BMS facility at the University of
Bradford.
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Resilient and Real-time Control for the Optimum Management of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems with Distributed Dynamic DemandsLashway, Christopher R 26 October 2017 (has links)
A continuous increase in demands from the utility grid and traction applications have steered public attention toward the integration of energy storage (ES) and hybrid ES (HESS) solutions. Modern technologies are no longer limited to batteries, but can include supercapacitors (SC) and flywheel electromechanical ES well. However, insufficient control and algorithms to monitor these devices can result in a wide range of operational issues. A modern day control platform must have a deep understanding of the source. In this dissertation, specialized modular Energy Storage Management Controllers (ESMC) were developed to interface with a variety of ES devices. The EMSC provides the capability to individually monitor and control a wide range of different ES, enabling the extraction of an ES module within a series array to charge or conduct maintenance, while remaining storage can still function to serve a demand. Enhancements and testing of the ESMC are explored in not only interfacing of multiple ES and HESS, but also as a platform to improve management algorithms. There is an imperative need to provide a bridge between the depth of the electrochemical physics of the battery and the power engineering sector, a feat which was accomplished over the course of this work. First, the ESMC was tested on a lead acid battery array to verify its capabilities. Next, physics-based models of lead acid and lithium ion batteries lead to the improvement of both online battery management and established multiple metrics to assess their lifetime, or state of health. Three unique HESS were then tested and evaluated for different applications and purposes. First, a hybrid battery and SC HESS was designed and tested for shipboard power systems. Next, a lithium ion battery and SC HESS was utilized for an electric vehicle application, with the goal to reduce cycling on the battery. Finally, a lead acid battery and flywheel ES HESS was analyzed for how the inclusion of a battery can provide a dramatic improvement in the power quality versus flywheel ES alone.
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