This thesis calculates the amount of pre-accession aid which will be given Turkey when Turkey starts accession negotiations with EU. By using Poland&amp / #8217 / s receipts from pre-accession financial transfers of EU during its accession negotiations, the study makes expectation about Turkey&amp / #8217 / s pre-accession aid. This thesis also attempts to ask the reality of this calculated value by looking at the budgetary situation of EU during Turkey&amp / #8217 / s pre-accession period.

Modelling defaultable contingent claims has attracted a lot of interest in recent years, motivated in particular by the Late-2000s Financial Crisis. In several papers various approaches on the subject have been made. This thesis tries to summarize these results and derive explicit formulas for the prices of financial derivatives with credit risk. It is divided into two main parts. The first one is devoted to the well-known theory of modelling the default risk while the second one presents the results concerning pricing of the defaultable models that we obtained ourselves.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the European Union has focused its attention on moving the Central and Eastern European Countries towards democracy and the market economy, which culminated in the accession of these countries to the European Union on May 2004. With the accession of the ten new members to the Union, the European Union has acquired new neighbors and come closer to the old ones, with whom it had only indirectly interested in. There is a conviction in EU circles that future widening towards these countries is not possible without risking the integration process which the European countries have developed in the last fifty years. In addition to this internal consideration, the new neighbors of the EU, some of which have already declared their membership ambitions, are the countries which the EU perceives it cannot integrate in the foreseeable future because of their social, economic and political underdevelopment. In response to these realities, the Union developed the European Neighborhood Policy. In this thesis, potential of the new neighborhood policy to fulfill its objectives of being second best alternative to membership and its promise in providing a meaningful framework that is satisfactory both for the EU and its neighbors will be analyzed. Additionally, its impact on the European Union&rsquo / s foreign policy in general will be elaborated. It will be argued in this thesis that the ENP has such serious limitations in terms of its formulation, institutions, and its incentives that it will fail to realize its original aspirations.

This thesis concentrates on the development of human rights policy of the European Economic Communities(EEC) within its transformation process into a political organization. the assumption underlying this study is that the EEC was established following World War II as a regional solution that would enable the restructuring of Europe on the bases of power, stability, and peace. this thesis deals with enlargement as a security-oriented strategy, while, at the same time, it endeavors to analyze the EEC treatment of foreign policy, peace, security and respect for human rights issues as it completed its economic integration process.

This thesis assesses the underlying political and financial reasons of the recent budgetary crisis of the European Union. It aims to discuss the possible reform alternatives for the European Union budget in order to improve it to better serve for the objectives of the enlarged Union and to enable the Member States to share the budget burden more fairly. To this purpose, the thesis first analyzes the budget of the European Union in terms of its aims, evolution and structure of revenue and expenditure items and than presents a general overview of the shortcomings of the present own resources system. In general, the thesis discusses possible reform areas, in which the reform process could take place. The thesis also shows how the Union overcame the policy challenges, and particularly the budgetary implications brought out with the inclusion of Central and Eastern European countries and how its financial perspectives covering the 2000-06 and 2007-2013 periods were finalized.

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The objectives of the work – to determine the efficiency extending trends of Local Municipality administration’s activity. The tasks: 1. To analyze conception of efficiency and modern public administration’s elements of extending efficiency. 2. To investigate state employees’ working in municipalities point of view to the efficiency of activity. 3. To formulate recommendations to the activity’s extending efficiency for local municipalities administrations. Methods of investigation: analysis of scientific literature, induction and deduction, logical analysis and synthesis, comparing analysis, logical and graphic modeling methods, documents’ analysis and questionnaire. While studying Lithuanian and other countries authors’ scientific works, periodical literature about Local Municipality activity’s efficiency extending elements, there are analyzed and discussed possible elements about the extending of efficiency and determined the possibilities to extend Local Municipality activity’s efficiency trends.

Starting in 1952 with Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Union (EU) successively enlarged to 27 member states in 2011. Since 2004, 10 Eastern European countries have joined the EU and, at the time of writing, five countries still have official EU candidate status and may join the EU in the near future. The permanent enlargement of the EU has led, and continues to lead, to social, cultural, economic, and linguistic pluralization and heterogenization and, more and more, causes a feeling of alienation among EU citizens. This comes along with a reduced willingness to share power, labor, and money among EU states, provokes tendencies of renationalization, and the resurgence of national thinking and acting. In the European common labor market these tendencies are attended by emerging exclusive nationalistic working climates and therefore undermine the formal freedom of movement for workers within the EU. In the European markets for consumer products (especially for food) these tendencies are reflected in augmented efforts that are undertaken to accentuate the national origin of domestic products. Empirical data of several EU member states will be analyzed and discussed. As a case study, the actual nationalistic tendencies of the Austrian consumer market will be parsed and integrated in a broader European picture. (author's abstract)

This thesis aims at analyzing why the municipality of Flen, in the eastern part of Sweden, has experienced strong depopulation for the last forty years in spite of its relative vicinity to Stockholm. The study uses current theories on regional developement, population theory and theories on regional enlargment to help explain and to evaluate the different regional factors that affect the developement of Flen on the local level. The thesis is primarily focused on the subject of regional policy and strategies to meet regional depopulation. The study also gives a presentation of the strategies of major regional institutions as well as analyzing what impact regional policy have on local policy in the municipality of Flen. Interviews with local officials, politicians and other people representing the population of Flen were carried out to achieve a better understanding of the specific challenges that the municipality faces and of the measures that are taken to meet them. Regional policy in Sweden prioritises measures that promote regional enlargment to link the housing and labour markets together with the regional infrastructure. Each region should promote and develop its own unique qualities as a way of stimulating growth. This disregards the former notion that the state should strive for regional growth to be achieved equally distributed within its boundaries. The thesis puts forward the view that this development could lead to an allowance for some regions to be neglected by the state. The findings in this study show that the measures that are put in to curb the stagnation in the municipality of Flen are made with difficulty and cannot be financed without external aid. The challenges are to a growing extent no longer managable by the municipality itself which brings me to a final conclusion that predicts that Flen could befavoured in a future municipal reform in which there are clearer connections to Stockholm and to other larger towns in the region, as well as a new delimitation that better takes the functional relationships of the population into account.

In this thesis, Greek, Portuguese and Spanish accession of European Union is investigated. Agricultural production, consumption and trade patterns of Greece, Portugal and Spain have changed by the full application of Common Agricultural Policy. The commodity composition of these countries experienced an adjustment, too. The production of vegetables, fruits, fish and other typical Mediterranean products have increased. The composition of consumption has moved from low-income elastic products to high-income elastic products. The agricultural trade direction of these countries has shifted to the European Union. Trade with neighbouring EU member states increased relatively faster than the trade increase with other members of the European Union. Most of the trade volume of these countries is with the Mediterranean countries of the European Union.