This research is aimed at analyzing the legal aspects of state enterprise reform in the People's Republic of China. It attempts not only to explain relevant laws and regulations in the context of China's complex economic, social and political environments, but also to reveal the basic nature and the practice of these laws and regulations. Since the late 1970s, considerable efforts have been made by the Chinese authorities to use formal laws and regulations to adjust different and often conflicting interests emerging in the course of the programme of reforms, and, in particular, to reshape and protect the rights and interests of state enterprises. Among the most noteworthy of the efforts at state enterprise reform are the official conferment of legal personality and management rights to state enterprises, the establishment of a director responsibility system, the adoption of a bankruptcy law, and employment of the contracting system for settling the government -- enterprise relationship. These attempts have had some effect, and state enterprises have gained the capacity to act as independent legal entities. Furthermore, state enterprises, in some places and from time to time, have come to possess a certain degree of autonomy which was impossible prior to the reforms. Nevertheless, these efforts have not been as effective and authoritative as they were designed and expected to be. Many enacted laws and regulations have not been followed in practice. Indeed, in many respects, they are readily undermined or even completely disregarded. The relevant laws and regulations are strongly policy-oriented. Being the mere embodiment of state policies, they can be easily undermined as a result of policy changes. The ineffective application of many laws and regulations is due less to the defects in their legal and technical provisions than to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the policies underlying state enterprise reform.

PINTO NETO, José Albuquerque. A análise da pré-venda na comercialização/aquisição de sistemas ERP nas empresas de Fortaleza. 2007. 127f. ; Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Atuária, Contabilidade e Secretariado, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Dioneide Barros (dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T13:53:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_japintoneto.pdf: 780048 bytes, checksum: 258dc0b7215853d521cf263c912168aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dioneide Barros(dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T15:05:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_japintoneto.pdf: 780048 bytes, checksum: 258dc0b7215853d521cf263c912168aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T15:05:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_japintoneto.pdf: 780048 bytes, checksum: 258dc0b7215853d521cf263c912168aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This dissertation makes the analysis of pre-sale phase during the sale and during the acquisition of ERP systems at companies of Fortaleza, researching in the clients of one of the largest brazilian software organization. These companies showed how was the commercial process, and how ERP system was implemented. This dissertation has the objective of contribution to increase knowledge about ERP Systems, and looks for an analysis of one of the main phases of selling ERP systems : the pre-sale. The companies that develop ERP systems see this commercial phase as one of the most important, because it is the phase when the client is qualified. At this moment, the developers and the clients know each other, change information, doubts, what the client needs, opportunities, problems and solutions. During the commercial process, the commercial team creates expectation in the client about the product. The small companies knowledge about this process, and the presentation capacity of commercial team showing the system as the solution for company problems, are a big step to create stress at the moment of ERP system implementation. When a company buys an ERP system, the thinking of the client is that ERP system brings the best practices making that companies give priority to buy only software and hardware. The users capacities, the management of changes, and the investment in time to people explore the potential of the ERP system stays at second plan. This dissertation looks for to explore these points and take conclusions about how to minimize these problems yet at the commercial phase, using a research at 20 companies that use this ERP system and two studies case, one with two researched companies, and one with the ERP developer. The study discovered that, after research and interviews, the data survey and sincerity at clients are the most important actions to minimize the implementation problems. This thesys take conclusion that a well done presale is very important to become easier the system implementation phase. / Esta dissertação analisou a pré-venda na comercialização e na aquisição de Sistemas ERP nas empresas de Fortaleza, pesquisando junto aos clientes de um dos maiores fornecedores de Sistemas ERP no Brasil, como essas empresas-clientes analisavam o trabalho comercial feito pelo fornecedor e pela própria empresa-cliente, e a forma como o Sistema ERP foi implantado. Essa dissertação tem como objetivo contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento sobre sistemas ERP, e é voltado para a análise de uma das principais etapas na comercialização de sistemas ERP: a pré-venda. A maior parte dos fornecedores de sistemas ERP enxerga esta etapa de comercialização como uma das mais importantes por se tratar do momento de qualificação do cliente. Momento esse em que fornecedor e cliente se conhecem mutuamente, buscam a troca de informações, dúvidas, necessidades, oportunidades, problemas e soluções. Durante o processo de venda, a equipe comercial cria uma grande expectativa em relação ao produto. A falta de conhecimento dos tomadores de decisão, aliada a capacidade dos vendedores de apresentar o produto como a solução dos problemas do cliente, é um caldo fértil para os desgastes comuns a um futuro processo de implantação. Ao adquirir um sistema ERP o pensamento da empresa-cliente é de que a ferramenta traz consigo as melhores práticas, fazendo com que as empresas priorizem investimentos em software e hardware. A capacitação dos usuários, a gestão da mudança, o investimento em tempo para que as pessoas possam explorar a fundo o potencial de cada ferramenta ficam em segundo plano. Essa dissertação procura explorar esses pontos e chegar a uma conclusão sobre formas de minimizar esses problemas ainda na etapa de comercialização através de pesquisa junto a 20 empresas usuários desse sistema ERP, e duas entrevistas, um com duas empresas pesquisadas anteriormente, e outro com o fornecedor. A conclusão alcançada, após a pesquisa e as entrevistas, mostra que o levantamento detalhado e a transparência junto ao cliente são as principais ações de pré-venda que minimizam os problemas de implantação. Esta dissertação leva a conclusão que a pré-venda bem realizada é muito importante para orientar e facilitar a fase de implantação do sistema.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8607_MSC Thesis - Diorbert - FINAL(1).pdf: 3922223 bytes, checksum: b3e393525cb2dc99d26745cd7397ee7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Enterprise Architecture (EA) promotes the establishment of a holistic view of the structure and way of working of an organization. One of the aspects covered in EA is associated with the organizations active structure, which concerns who undertakes organizational activities. Several approaches have been proposed in order to provide a means for representing enterprise architecture, among which ARIS, RM-ODP, UPDM and ArchiMate. Despite the acceptance by the community, existing approaches focus on different purposes, have limitations on their conceptual scopes and some have no real world semantics well-defined. Besides modeling approaches, many ontology approaches have been proposed in order to describe the active structure domain, including the ontologies in the SUPER Project, TOVE, Enterprise Ontology and W3C Org Ontology. Although specified for semantic grounding and meaning negotiation, some of proposed approaches have specific purposes and limited coverage. In addition, some of them are not defined using formal languages and others are specified using languages without well-defined semantics. This work presents a well-founded reference ontology for the organizational domain. The organizational reference ontology presented covers the basic aspects discussed in the organizational literature, such as division of labor, social relations and classification of structuring units. Further, it also encompasses the organizational aspects defined in existing approaches, both modeling and ontology approaches. The resulting ontology is specified in OntoUML and extends the social concepts of UFO-C.

The current extremely volatile business world requires firms to deal with a wide range of risks that pose threats to their organisations. The poor practices of risk management, based on Traditional Risk Management (TRM), was cited time and time again in the aftermath of the recent Global Crisis. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been advocated as a solution to the problems of TRM. The aim is to centralise the management of risk within the organisation and ensure that the board deals with the risk. Hence strategic, external, internal, operational, compliance and reputational risk are dealt with jointly. In doing so, it is expected that ERM will bring value creation to firms. One of the main limitations facing researchers is the lack of a good standardised measurement of ERM implementation; therefore, it has not been possible to establish whether ERM does actually bring benefit to firms. In addition, many companies have set up ERM initiatives, but they lack a clear understanding of the factors that will lead to successful ERM implementation. The remaining unanswered problematic situation has led to two unanswered questions that will determine whether the solution to ERM implementation is avoiding potential pitfalls and improving business sustainability. Firstly, does ERM implementation have an impact on firm performance? And secondly, which is the firm-specific characteristic that leads to better ERM implementation level? This thesis answers the aforementioned questions by proposing a reliable ERM measurement method, and then testing whether firms that adopt ERM actually improve financial performance and determine the influential factor of ERM implementation. The proposed method for measuring ERM implementation is based on the components developed from the current ERM frameworks, where contribution scoring can be standardised to measure ERM implementation level. To demonstrate its viability, data was collected from publicly listed firms in Thailand and was then compared to three alternative methodologies: cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). The results show that the proposed method did well compared to the alternatives, both statistically and in prediction performance. The relationship between the proposed ERM measurement and firm performance is then considered by taking appropriate control variables into account, such as the firm’s size and characteristics, industry effects, sales growth and the external environment: technology, market uncertainty, as well as economic factors. By using data from the Thailand Stock Exchange, it was found that implementing ERM could improve firm performance in term of Tobin's Q, ROE and ROA. The results show that ERM and firm performance are related. For the influential factor of ERM implementation, the empirical results show that a firm’s size and economic factors have a statistically positive relationship with a high level of ERM implementation, while lower ERM scores show more revenue volatility than those who have well-implemented ERMs. Furthermore, technology and growth are positively related to each ERM in the scoring system considered.

Social enterprises is a relatively new way of operating a business that is becoming increasingly popular in our modern society and new social enterprises face a wide array of challenges in their start-up phase. A very common type of challenge that many new social enterprises face are organisational legitimacy challenges when forming collaborations. Due to social entrepreneurship being a relatively new field, research of the legitimacy aspect regarding new social enterprises is lacking. This thesis aims to fill this research gap by explaining why new social enterprise face organisational legitimacy challenges and how they overcome them. The researchers utilized an inductive approach to develop the theory with an explanatory purpose for the research. Single case study of the JU Solar Team was the research strategy chosen to explain the theory and empirical data. The JU Solar Team is a social enterprise that already has overcome their legitimacy challenges when forming collaborations making it a unique and attractive case to study that is difficult to replicate in a multiple case study. The data was gathered through email interviews with members from the JU Solar Team and their collaborators as well as a face-to-face interview with Joakim Brobäck from JU Solar Team’s closest collaborator the Jönköping University School of Engineering. The authors of this thesis concluded that the JU Solar Team Faced organisational legitimacy challenges mostly due to inexperience which resulted in them not being able to efficiently mobilise their limited resources and build networks. The JU Solar Team managed to overcome their legitimacy challenges mainly by diversifying their skillset leading to the team having the human capital needed to communicate the social value and deliver the pragmatic value that the collaborators sought to form collaborations with the JU Solar Team. / No

This thesis discusses relevance feedback including implicit parameters, explicit parameters and user query and how they could be used to build a recommender system to enhance the search performance in the enterprise. It presents an approach for the development of an adaptive fuzzy logic based recommender system for enterprise search. The system is designed to recommend documents and people based on the user query in a task specific search environment. The proposed approach provides a new mechanism for constructing and integrating a task, user and document profiles into a unified index thorough the use of relevance feedback and fuzzy rule based summarisation. The three profiles are fuzzy based and are created using the captured relevance feedback. In the task profile, each task was modelled as a sequence of weighted terms which were used by the users to complete the task. In the user profile, the user was modelled as a sequence of weighted terms which were used to search for the required information. In the document profile the document was modelled as a group of weighted terms which were used by the users to retrieve the document. Fuzzy sets and rules were used to calculate the term weight based on the term frequency in the user queries. An empirical research was carried out to capture the relevance feedback from 35 users on 20 predefined simulated enterprise search tasks and to investigate the correlation between the implicit and explicit relevance feedback. Based on the results, an adaptive linear predictive model was developed to estimate the document relevancy from the implicit feedback parameters. The predicted document relevancy was then used to train the fuzzy system which created and integrated the three profiles, as briefly described above. The captured data set was used to develop and train the fuzzy system. The proposed system achieved 89% accuracy performance classifying the relevant documents. With regard to the implementation, Apache Sorl, Apache Tikka, Oracle 11g and Java were used to develop a prototype system. The overall retrieval accuracy performance of the proposed system was tested by carrying out a comparative retrieval accuracy performance evaluation based on Precision (P), Recall (R) and ranking analysis. The values of P and R of the proposed system were compared with two other systems being the standard inverted index based Solr system and the semantic indexing based lucid system. The proposed system enhanced the value of P significantly where the average of P value has been increased from 0.00428 to 0.064 as compared with the standard Sorl and from 0.0298 to 0.064 compared with Lucid. In other words, the proposed system has managed to decrease the number of irrelevant documents in the search result which means that the ability of the system to show the relevant document has been enhanced. The proposed system has also enhanced the value of R. The average value of R has been increased significantly (doubling) from 0.436 to 0.828 as compared with the standard Solr and from 0.76804 to 0.828 as compared with Lucid. This means that the ability of the system to retrieve the relevant document has also been enhanced. Furthermore the ability of the system to rank higher the relevant documents has been improved as compared with the other two systems.

M.Sc. (Computer Science) / As the world enters the new millennium, we are experiencing one of the most important changes since the industrial revolution - the move to an Internet-based society. Traditional business channels are moving to a new platform of interaction that is called Electronic Business (EB). Electronic Business is becoming a significant business tool, provided that businesses understand the benefits, the application areas and impacts of EB, and can apply these concepts optimally. The problem with many businesses, especially SMMEs (Small Medium and Micro Enterprises), is that they are ignorant to many EB-related concepts, how EB can assist their business needs, and how to apply EB into their business components. Various solutions for EB exist in the industry, which are very comprehensive and complex. However, with the constant wave of mergers, acquisitions and new IT-companies forming, as well as the myriad of new solutions being developed, many businesses are not sure which solution would suit their business best, and which solution provider would be the best to approach. What businesses need is an understanding of EB and guidelines on how to start becoming EB focused. The principle aim of the Enterprise-Wide Electronic Business (EWEB) Framework developed is to form the bridge between a traditional business and an electronic business. This is achieved by defining many EB-related concepts and providing guidelines on how to streamline business processes with technology in moving to an EB platform. The EWEB Framework targets this from three perspectives. Firstly, the EWEB Framework follows a top-down approach to EB, targeting business processes across the enterprise as well as business issues from strategic, architectural and infrastructural levels. This allows EWEB to be applicable to all types of business processes and businesses needs. Secondly, the EWEB Framework also consists of business processes that are common across all industries. This allows EWEB to be applicable to all types of businesses...

This Research was undertaken to explore and better understand the perceptions of SMME owners, in South Africa, of the financial and non financial barriers and facilitators to the formalization/transitioning process. The study was motivated by the lack of data on the South African context of the barriers and facilitators of the formalization process. The conversion of enterprises from informal to formal concerns is not well researched and understood. In the absence of hard data, experienced observers and practitioners in the small business field express extreme skepticism about the efficacy of attempts to convert informal businesses to formal ones, (Bernstein, 2004). The research was conducted, mostly in Alexandra township Johannesburg, by means of 20 in-depth, semi-structured, face to face interviews with SMME owners; 10 operating informally and 10 who formally were, but have since transitioned/formalized. The resulting findings showed that lack of access to information on formalization and limited access to cash or credit are the major non financial and financial barriers respectively. Improved access to information on formalization is the major non financial facilitator and ability to access a bigger market plus increased access to cash or credit are the major financial facilitators. These findings also indicate that there may be a difference in the barriers and facilitators to formalization in South Africa as compared to what’s reported internationally in the literature. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted