University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Communication

Inserida no campo dos Estudos Culturais, esta pesquisa observa o contato entre a produção artística do teatro de grupo da cidade de São Paulo e o espectador não especializado aquele que não é profissional ou estudante teatral. Somando observações, depoimentos, entrevistas e estatísticas, é possível constatar que um verdadeiro público teatral, espontâneo e recorrente, é algo escasso. Apesar de ser amplamente oferecido na capital paulista, o teatro ainda não se configura como uma atividade preferida para o tempo livre dos cidadãos. Porém, o contato com o espectador não especializado não é item supérfluo, mas justamente onde o teatro pode encontrar suas condições de sustentabilidade financeira e artística, uma vez que esta é uma atividade que vive precária situação de financiamento e cujo conceito artístico está atrelado ao diálogo com a sociedade. Há, então, um conflito entre necessidade e ausência do espectador que merece ser analisado. Um conflito que a simples leitura de estatísticas não encerra, que é nublado pela visão nostálgica, plateias de especialistas e espectadores pontuais, e que vai além das explicações baseadas apenas na renda e escolaridade do público. O que esta dissertação propõe é um olhar interdisciplinar e crítico sobre o comportamento dos envolvidos nesta situação. Analisando os espectadores, percebe-se uma ânsia por diversão, grandiosidade, prazer e segurança que tem pouca harmonia com a produção artística do teatro de grupo, ainda que o atual valor dado à experiência possa encontrar afinidade nas propostas dos espetáculos. E analisando os artistas teatrais, percebe-se que a busca pelo espectador não especializado nem sempre se efetiva, seja por mecanismos de financiamento à cultura que relegam o espectador a segundo plano, pela fragilidade das ações de divulgação e formação de plateia ou por uma concepção elitista do próprio ofício. Esta dissertação espera colaborar academicamente com os estudos sobre recepção, entretenimento e democratização cultural. Mas espera ainda mais ressaltar a gravidade do problema de um teatro restrito a especialistas, e assim convidar para que outros ampliem este debate e gerem um movimento de maior aproximação entre arte e sociedade / Inserted in the field of Cultural Studies, this research observes the contact between the artistic production of the group theater in the city of São Paulo and the non-specialized spectator one who is not a professional or a theatrical student. Adding observations, testimonials, interviews and statistics, it is possible to observe that a true theatrical audience, spontaneous and recurrent, is something scarce. Despite being widely offered in the city of São Paulo, the theater is not yet a favorite activity for citizens\' free time. However, contact with the non-specialized spectator is not a superfluous item, but precisely where the theater can find its conditions of financial and artistic sustainability, since this is an activity that is experiencing precarious financing situation and whose artistic concept is linked to the dialogue with society. There is a conflict between need and absence of the spectator that deserves to be analyzed. A conflict that a simple reading of statistics does not solve, which is clouded by the nostalgic vision, expert audiences and momentary spectators, and that goes beyond the explanations based only on the income and education of the public. What this dissertation proposes is an interdisciplinary and critical look at the behavior of those involved in this situation. Analyzing the spectators, it is perceived an eagerness for amusement, grandiosity, pleasure and security that has little harmony with the artistic production of the group theater, although the current importance given to the experience can have affinity with the proposals of the plays. And analyzing theatrical artists, it is perceived that the search for the non-specialized spectator does not always take effect, either by mechanisms of cultural funding that relegate the viewer to the background, by the fragility of actions of publicity and audience generation or by an elitist conception of their occupation. This dissertation hopes to collaborate academically with the studies on reception, entertainment and cultural democratization. But it hopes even more to emphasize the seriousness of the problem of a theater restricted to specialists, and thus invite others to broaden this debate and generate a movement to bring art and society closer together

Entre os séculos XVI e XVII, a Espanha, à época o mais poderoso império, teve uma de suas principais expressões artísticas no teatro, que se notabilizou por seu caráter fortemente popular, papel análogo ao assumido pelo cinema norte-americano de comunicação de massa na primeira metade do século XX, quando os Estados Unidos já haviam se consolidado como grande potência mundial. Assim sendo, o presente projeto objetiva investigar e relacionar os procedimentos dramatúrgicos do Século de Ouro Espanhol e da Era de Ouro de Hollywood, períodos artísticos de ambos os contextos, a partir de análise comparativa entre obras bibliográficas preceptivas - com o complemento de peças teatrais e filmes específicos - bem como da leitura de referencial teórico diversificado, de maneira que se faça possível o estabelecimento de bases abrangentes para o estudo de uma dramaturgia do entretenimento. / Between the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain, at the time the most powerful empire, had one of its main artistic expressions on theater, which was famed for being strongly popular, something similar to the role played by the American cinema during the first half of the 20th century, when the United States had already established themselves as a great world power. Thus, this project intends to investigate and connect the dramaturgical procedures from Spanish Golden Age and from Classical Hollywood, artistic periods from both contexts, based on a comparative analysis between preceptive works, with the complement of specific plays and films, in order to lay down some comprehensive basis for the study of a dramaturgy of entertainment.

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This thesis examines the theatre of Sheffield-based theatre group Forced Entertainment in terms of what art historian Robert Hewison terms 'Social Surrealism'. This term describes a politically engaged series of art practices that developed in Britain under Margaret Thatcher in the late nineteen-eighties. 'Social Surrealist' theatre makers adopted a radically different set of aesthetic strategies to the more traditional leftist political theatre tradition of 'social realism'. While Hewison links these practices to the so-called 'classical' Surrealism theorised by Andr?? Breton, I will argue that a more appropriate and useful Surrealist lineage to account for Forced Entertainment's theatre can be found in the writings of Andr?? Breton's main Surrealist rival, Georges Bataille. This thesis focuses on Bataille's notion of 'the formless' or formlessness, that which undoes and unravels the security and fixity of form, and uses this as a theoretical concept to account for the aesthetics and unravelling theatre practice of Forced Entertainment. This thesis then examines a selection of theatre works by Forced Entertainment, tracing the ways in which these works undo theatre using formlessness.

INTRODUCTION: HIV disproportionately affects African Americans, Latinos, and gay and bisexual men of all racial and ethnicity groups. People living with HIV/AIDS experience stigma related to their disease. HIV/AIDS stigma can have detrimental effects on HIV prevention, testing and treatment. Entertainment-education is a health communication strategy that can be used to influence behavioral and social change in the population. AIM: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a Motion Comic intervention, an EE strategy, can decrease H/A stigma in a sample of MSM adolescents aged 15-24. METHODS: Participants were recruited from GA, FL, NY and CA using convenience sampling. A sample of MSM adolescents aged 15-24 (n=24) was used for this study. The study design is a one-group pretest-posttest intervention. Participants were shown the Motion Comic episodes. Participants completed pre- and post-viewing surveys to assess HIV/AIDS stigma. A summed variable was used as the outcome for total HIV/AIDS stigma. A paired samples t-test was used to measure a statistically significant difference in HIV/AIDS stigma from pretest to posttest. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in HIV stigma from pre-viewing survey (M = 9.87, SD = 3.49) to post-viewing survey (M = 8.65, SD = 2.48), t (22) = 2.01, p < .0285 (one-tailed). The mean decrease in HIV stigma scores was 1.22 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.177 to 2.248. The eta squared statistic (.16) indicated a large effect size. DISCUSSION: Results from this study show that viewing the Motion Comic may reduce HIV/AIDS stigma related to casual transmission of HIV and values, such as blame, shame and judgment, in MSM adolescents.

The purpose of this research project was to examine representations of male characters and masculinity in Disney animated feature films. Social learning theory, gender and hegemonic masculinity were used to theoretically frame this study. Twenty-two movies were examined; a total of ninety-one characters were included in the analysis. The movies included in the sample were produced between 1930 and 2007. This study sought to examine the dimensions of character descriptions, physical descriptions, socioeconomic status, sexuality, family structures and practices, and aggression as well as to understand how constructions of masculinity in Disney films changed over time. The results of the present study regarding character role indicate that good characters were most often middle aged, slender and fit but not muscular, single, royalty, and had community as family. They were most often heterosexual, equally likely to be romantically involved as to be not romantically involved, were sexual in nature, and were most often the victims of physical aggression. Evil characters were most often middle aged, slender and fit but not muscular, single, royalty, had community as family, and were well dressed. Evil characters were most likely to trap other characters and to steal. Neutral characters were most often old/elderly, overweight and not muscular, and were most often employed as inventors, royalty, and diamond miners. They were also most often single and to have community as family. The results regarding character centrality indicated that central characters were most often white, slender and fit but not muscular, single, middle aged, showed physical strength, and were well dressed compared to peripheral characters. Central characters were heterosexual, romantically involved, sexual in nature, engaged in hand to hand fighting, and engaged in social isolation and name calling. Peripheral characters were most often white, slender and fit but not muscular, single, and also more likely than central characters to be old/elderly. For the analysis of masculinity across time, it was found that the types of masculinity shown in Disney films did not match with hegemonic masculinity historically. Overall, the most common theme of masculinity that was observed throughout all decades was the fatherhood movement.

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the mental motivation of using Avatar system. There have already existed lots of researches for the motivation of using the related network system in the past. Based upon the findings of the past researches, this thesis sorted out four main motivations: self-fulfillment, escapism, sociality and entertainment, and discussed the correlation between these four motivations and mentality and behaviour intention. This research is conducted by Questionnaire Survey and found out that the motivations of self-fulfillment and entertainment are combined as a new motivation, and the motivations of escapism and sociality are not significantly correlated with the user¡¦s mentality. From this research, therefore, it is concluded that as long as the development of network, the habit and motivation of using network are evolving as well. Future studies could be discussed more to address this difference of evolving, in order to allow that the network operators have a more accurate grasp of the users¡¦ mentality and provide more effective services.

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English Abstract Tudor court gives support completely to the cultural activities, and court¡¦s members have qualification for musical accomplishment that produced an effect on the whole surroundings. It builds close relations between the development of instrumental ensemble music and ceremonies, entertainment, and the living requirement. Therefore, the thesis intends to study the relationship between the court entertainment at early Tudor and its instrumental ensemble music. The content consists of four chapters, in addition to the introduction. Chapter one is the general discussions about the contemporary polity, economy, society, religion, and cultural context from the end of the fifteenth-century to the early of the sixteenth-century. In the second chapter contains the details of the court entertainment, the third chapter focuses on the thirty-five pieces from Henry ¢À¡¦s Book, which are the absence of text , and the fourth draws a conclusion. From Middle Ages to Renaissance, the situation in England changes from variety aspects such as politics, economy, society, religion, and culture, But it provides a favorable atmosphere with the instrumental ensemble. The music is indispensable to the court environment of the early Tudor. The minstrel¡¦s number and ability represent the status of the employer. Moreover, the instrumental ensemble what musical type is proper for the ceremonies, entertainment, and performance. The thirty-five pieces are considered as embryonic form that pieces for instrument, and differed in length and style. They are classified in three: one is ¡§puzzle canon¡¨, another is ¡§consort¡¨, and the rest is arrangement of the voice or the special technique pieces. Because most of which are simple chord style, it is demonstrated that new noblemen are fond of the pieces. However, the simple style of the early instrumental ensemble music is distinct from the polyphonic style of the consort afterwards. The style¡¦s change attributes to the rising new nobility, the Reformation, the trend of Renaissance thought, the patron of the Royal, and the import of the foreign music, player, and instrument. In a word, the musical phenomenon that is the variety of the style reflects the changes in the society of the Tudor.