This comparative case study aims to identify the pedagogic approaches embedded in the design of a selection of entrepreneur education programmes. Three non-profit organisations based in the Western Cape, South Africa, were selected as case studies. While each organisation offers an entrepreneur education programme for previously disadvantaged individuals who are in the early stages of running a business, each programme is unique in terms of its target market industry sector, learning objectives and business outcomes, as well as in its curriculum design intended to enable particular objectives and outcomes to be optimally achieved by the learners (entrepreneurs). Activity Theory and Bernstein's Models of Pedagogy provide analytical frameworks for the study. Data was gathered from three semi-structured interviews carried out with the principal curriculum designer within each organisation, as well as written documents and websites. Engeström's extension of Activity Theory provided the conceptual tools for the first level of analysis of the case data, which identified tensions within and between the activity system elements of each curriculum. Further analysis was conducted utilising Bernstein's models of pedagogy, in order to better understand the key assumptions about learning and knowledge underpinning each of the curricula. Within each Activity System, significant tensions were identified between the Subjects, the Rules and Object; the Subjects, the Tools and the Object; and the Subjects, the Division of Labour, and the Object. Two approaches to pedagogy were evident within the three curricula, which aligned to Bernstein's competence and performance models of pedagogy. By drawing on the tensions identified through mapping the curriculum using Activity Theory, the thesis proposes that the two pedagogic models should be seen as a continuum and can be used to identify key questions to consider in the design of entrepreneur education curriculum, in order to ensure a well-informed curriculum aligned to adult learning theory and to the programme's learning objectives and business outcomes, and which addresses the unique context in terms of target market. Further research is necessary to understand whether the programmes which combine elements from various models of pedagogy do indeed enjoy better outcomes.

<p>The purpose is to investigate the relationship between Entrepreneur</p><p>perspectives and education objectives in order to explore students´</p><p>attitudes towards the course and also their expectations to become an</p><p>Entrepreneur.</p>

The purpose is to investigate the relationship between Entrepreneur perspectives and education objectives in order to explore students´ attitudes towards the course and also their expectations to become an Entrepreneur.

Today is the era of millennial generation, many researchers in social sciences claim that Millennials are well-educated, confident, achieving, taking advantage of opportunities and so forth. Nowadays, the world is full of changes and uncertainty the whole nation needs talents of entrepreneurs more than ever before. The challenge for us is that we only know entrepreneurs when they appear themselves. Therefore, there is a great amount of potential entrepreneurs who keep in the background, while others take the best from developing their enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate in entrepreneurial potential of present millennial generation and to understand about potential, external and environment characteristics which contribute our interviewees to become entrepreneurs. The research is conducted by applying both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The face to face interview is conducted with Swedish young entrepreneurs whereas web-based questionnaire survey is conducted with Master students in Sweden by applying FACETS Framework (the facets of entrepreneur: identifying entrepreneurial potential). Regarding application of literature review, conceptual framework, empirical data and discussion of findings part are concluded.

This ethnohistorical work investigates plaçage through the case of Eulalie de Mandeville, a free woman of color and both the daughter of Pierre de Marigny de Mandeville, one of the largest land owners in New Orleans, and the sister of Bernard Marigny, land owner and founder of the Faubourg Marigny, a historic neighborhood in New Orleans. Eulalie's connection to the de Marigny de Mandeville family led to gifts of money and real estate from Pierre, Bernard, and her grandmother, Madame de Mandeville. She used these gifts to not only secure financing for a successful retail business, but also to finance her plaçage partner's loan brokerage business and to become one of the wealthiest women in New Orleans. Eulalie's case helps create a context for the free woman of color that challenges the images presented in much of the literature to date, bringing her down from the heights of romanticism into the realm of reality. This is her story.

This research contributes to the discussion surrounding New Zealand’s entrepreneurial environment and Innovation Framework and addresses the research problem of whether the New Zealand government should seek to support entrepreneurship and innovation through the various knowledge-based or regulatory organisations it owns or funds, and if so, how it should go about accomplishing this. The approach taken was to use qualitative methods to examine how the government’s support for entrepreneurship and innovation was delivered to an emerging cluster of entrepreneurs from the point of view of those entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs were involved in the innovative industry of land-based aquaculture and fieldwork was carried out in the Gisborne Region, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. This study began by reviewing relevant literature from academic, industry and government sources to identify relevant sub-themes and create a framework for analysis. Fieldwork was undertaken using ethnographic methods to explore how the entrepreneurs experienced the New Zealand entrepreneurial environment and innovation framework in their interactions with knowledge-based and regulatory organisations. Data was gathered primarily by participant observation and semi-structured interviews and transcripts were coded and analysed using NVivo® software. An ethnographic narrative was produced and the interview transcripts analysed for relevance to the sub-themes from literature and to identify patterns that emerged from the data. This research reports that four of the entrepreneurs failed in their ventures due to a combination of factors both within their operations and within the entrepreneurial environment. These factors included technical difficulties maintaining livestock health and growth within an artificial marine environment, an inability to obtain assistance from knowledge-based organisations, problems in dealing with regulatory organisations, difficulty retaining trained staff, uncertainty about the market, and high energy costs. The Māori training organisation, Turanga Ararau, formed the Gisborne Aquaculture Society in an effort to establish a Gisborne aquaculture cluster however, this initiative proved unsuccessful primarily because the society failed to attract the 12 involvement of key stakeholders. This research contributes to the policy and practice of cluster facilitation by examining the extent to which best practice was followed in this attempt to establish a cluster and presents conclusions as to how the process of establishing the cluster could have been improved. This study also reports that the entrepreneurs were cut off from access to knowledge and research resources and received little advice or support from the knowledge based organisations that might have played a role in the development of their cluster. It examines how and why New Zealand’s Innovation Framework might be failing to recognise and support the vital role of entrepreneurs in economic development and suggests how this might be improved. The methodology chapters of this thesis contribute to literature regarding the use of ethnographic methods in entrepreneurship research and a further by-product of this thesis is an ethnographic account of the participant observation and semi structured interviews with the entrepreneurs. This research also provides an insight into the obstacles and challenges faced by entrepreneurs in New Zealand, in particular those involved in the emerging recirculating aquaculture industry.

<p>Due to the globalization trend, the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become a common practice in the last decades. The previous literature suggested that there are many different determinants of the internationalization process. However, in this research study, we focused on only three determinants – institutions, networks, and entrepreneur and their influence on the internationalization process. More specifically, we identified the significance of the three determinants and tested their influence on the internationalization process and compared the similarities and differences between the SMEs in Sweden and China. </p><p>A qualitative study was carried out to help determine the purpose of the paper, where data was collected through four case studies – two from each country, within the toy industry. The primary data was collected through personal phone-interviews with the CEOs of the four toy companies, complemented with secondary data collected from the companies’ web sites. </p><p>The empirical findings and analysis brought some interesting conclusions. The three determinants – institutions, networks and entrepreneur influence the internationalization process in one way or another. Firstly, institutions influence both networks and entrepreneur, but there is no evidence showing that networks and entrepreneur influence institutions. The institutions are also the key determinants of the internationalization process of Chinese SMEs. Secondly, networks and entrepreneur are interrelated to each other and play a key role in the internationalization process of Swedish SMEs, and somewhat influence the Chinese SMEs as well. </p><p>Thus, these three determinants are extremely important for the internationalization process and they have to be taken into consideration during the international expansion.</p>

Due to the globalization trend, the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become a common practice in the last decades. The previous literature suggested that there are many different determinants of the internationalization process. However, in this research study, we focused on only three determinants – institutions, networks, and entrepreneur and their influence on the internationalization process. More specifically, we identified the significance of the three determinants and tested their influence on the internationalization process and compared the similarities and differences between the SMEs in Sweden and China. A qualitative study was carried out to help determine the purpose of the paper, where data was collected through four case studies – two from each country, within the toy industry. The primary data was collected through personal phone-interviews with the CEOs of the four toy companies, complemented with secondary data collected from the companies’ web sites. The empirical findings and analysis brought some interesting conclusions. The three determinants – institutions, networks and entrepreneur influence the internationalization process in one way or another. Firstly, institutions influence both networks and entrepreneur, but there is no evidence showing that networks and entrepreneur influence institutions. The institutions are also the key determinants of the internationalization process of Chinese SMEs. Secondly, networks and entrepreneur are interrelated to each other and play a key role in the internationalization process of Swedish SMEs, and somewhat influence the Chinese SMEs as well. Thus, these three determinants are extremely important for the internationalization process and they have to be taken into consideration during the international expansion.

This study analyzes and discusses the plumbing retailer from an individual point of view, just like a entrepreneur¡¦s point of view. The researcher focuses on the entrepreneur and adopts a life history point of view to interview the plumbing retailer. After that interview, the researcher can know the plumbing retailer¡¦s life history. Then the researcher analyzes his life history. Finally, the researcher discovers the important meaning to the plumbing retailer. The researcher has interviewed the plumbing retailer in depth for three times and has interviewed the others. Besides, the researcher has observed the business operation in the plumbing retailer¡¦s store for two weeks. According to the data, the researcher wrote the plumbing retailer¡¦s life story. Afterward the researcher has discussed the findings with my academic adviser for many times. The thesis statement has two parts as follows: The first part is the whole impression which is the pursuit of his economy. The second part has six major themes as follow: (1)undertaking the risk;(2)business vision;(3)keeping the work with great effort;(4)learning ability;(5)the role of the relations;(6)the position of the work and the family.

This study probes into the process of new venture establishment from the perspective of entrepreneurship, such as discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities to actions taken to maximize the returns from these opportunities. Furthermore, the role of the entrepreneur in the process is also analyzed. The findings are summarized below: 1.In an ambiguous entrepreneurial environment, opportunities are not always clear from the beginning. Thus, new venture must take the ¡§exploration¡¨ action to find new opportunities. 2.After the discovery of new opportunities, it must take the ¡§exploitation¡¨ action to maximize return from these opportunities to create wealth, i.e. the gradual accumulation of resources to ultimately form its competitive advantage. 3.Both the ¡§exploration¡¨ and ¡§exploitation¡¨ actions can be further divided into different tacit strategies: systematic, guerilla, undisciplined, and autonomous tacit strategies. In addition, an entrepreneur has many different roles: chief, mentor, coach, and lord. However, no matter the actions taken, all new ventures must first perform risk assessments, from its internal resources to its external environment, before taking any actions in order to minimize failures.