Seven maps depicting general geology, physical properties, environmental geology, soils, soil thickness, slope, and fracture intensity describe the land in the Lake Travis vicinity. The maps, descriptive text, and interpretive tables provide the basis for evaluations of land-use capability. The general geologic map shows variations in bedrock, in surface deposits, and in the structural-geometrical relations of the units. It is a basic data source for constructing and interpreting the other maps. The physical properties map presents qualitative engineering characteristics of substrate and surface materials. Most of the Lake Travis vicinity is underlain by carbonate rocks that are generally stable foundations for construction. The environmental geologic map is based on variations in processes, landforms, and surface and bedrock materials. Process units represent areas subject to flooding and mass wasting as well as loci of aquifer recharge. These areas will sustain only limited use without detrimental environmental effects. Material-landform units represent areas that have constraints to land use; however, with preventive or corrective engineering the land could probably sustain a variety of uses. Soils, soil thickness, slope, and fracture intensity maps present data at a smaller scale than that of the general geologic, physical properties, and environmental geologic maps. Soil cover is generally thin or absent. Most of the land is moderately steeply to very steeply sloping. High-density fracture zones that allow rapid water infiltration occur in some of the area. The land-use capability map constructed to depict suitability for septic tank operation shows that most of the Lake Travis vicinity is generally unsuited for this use. The current land use map delimits areas of population pressure and attendant competitive uses of the land. These pressures intensify the need for enlightened planning so that land use will be compatible with limitations shown or implied on the basic maps. / text

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mine water, that is all forms of water associated with and affected by mining operations is probably the largest area of concern in the environmental geology of mining. This study looks at the inter-relationship between mine water geochemistry and mine water management. The objectives of this study are: 1. To examine major geochemical processes influencing mine water; 2. To apply new national water and environmental legislation to the mining industry and discover how mine water management will be regulated; 3. To examine the approach of Integrated Catchment Management, and discover how this approach can be applied to the mining industry; 4. To conduct two case studies, where environmental geochemistry, general geochemistry and multivariate analyses are used as tools to investigate groundwater contamination problems in mining areas, and therefore suggest mine water management interventions; and 5. To, considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, develop a newly-patented chemical treatment method for possible application in the mining industry. The changing legal framework - principally the implementation of the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998) - is leading to the responsibilities of a mine becoming substantially clearer, and responsibilities which in the past could have been ignored until public outcry will now be difficult to escape. Two case studies are investigated. In both cases, general geochemistry and hydrogeochemistry, coupled with factor analysis are used to determine the major signatures in groundwater chemistry and the major sources of contamination. On the basis of this, management interventions are suggested. In the first case study, Sishen Iron Ore Mine of the Northern Cape, three signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature, and a contamination signature from the mine and one from agriculture. The extent of nitrate and diesel contamination is shown to be related to agriculture, the use of explosives and to mine workshops and depots. Surface water controls may help reduce these problems. In the second case study, West Driefontein Gold Mine of the Far West Rand, two signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature and a signature relating to contamination from the mine. Cluster analysis is used to suggest three groundwater zones, the chemistry of one being fairly clean dolomitic aquifer, the chemistry of the second affected by the mine and the chemistry of the third affected by granites. Contamination is shown to be related to mining operations, especially the slimes dams, and agriculture. Rehabilitation of dams and dumps, as well as surface water controls may help reduce these problems. Considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, a newly-patented chemical treatment method is examined and tested for possible application in the mining industry. It is shown to be extremely effective for the removal of calcium from water, but less effective for the removal of iron and manganese. More broadly, this study shows the inter-dependence between mine water geochemistry and mine water management, and the need to be multi-disciplinary in approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynwater, dit is aile soorte water wat geaffekteer en geassosieer word met mynbou bedrywighede, is moontlik die grootste rede tot kommer in omgewingsgeologie van mynbou. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die verhouding tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur. Die doelwitte van die studie is soos volg: 1. Om die hoof geochemiese prosesse te ondersoek wat mynwater beinvloed: 2. Om die nuwe nasionale water- en omgewingswette toe te pas op die mynboubedryf en te ondersoek hoe die bestuur van mynwater gereguleer sal word; 3. Om die benadering van Gerntegreerde Opvangs Bestuur ("Integrated Catchment Managemement") te ondersoek, en te ondersoek hoe hierdie benadering op die mynbou industrie toegepas kan word' 4. Om twee gevallestudies te doen, waar omgewingsgeochemie, algemene geochemie en multivariant analise gebruik word as middels om grondwater besoedeling in mynbougebiede te ondersoek, en daarvolgens om mynwater bestuurswysigings voor te stel; en 5. Om, nemende in ag die mynwater probleme wat ontdek is in die gevallestudies, 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandelingsmetode, vir moontlike toepassing in die mynbou industrie, te ontwikkel. Die veranderende regtelike raamwerk - hoofsaaklik die implementering van die Nasionale Waterwet (Wet No. 36 van 1998) en die Nasionale Omgewingsbestuur Wet (Wet No.1 07 van 1998) - lei daartoe dat 'n myn verantwoordelik moet wees om opmerklik skoner te word, verantwoordelikhede wat in die verlede maklik gergnoreer kon word maar wat nou te moeilik is om te ignoreer as gevolg van publieke uitroepe. Twee gevalle is ondersoek. In be ide studies word algemene geochemie en hidrogechemie, saam met faktoranalise, gebruik om die hoof kenmerke te bepaal in grondwaterchemie en die hoof bronne van besoedeling. Deur dit as basis te gebruik word bestuurswysigings voorgestel. In die eerste gevallestudie, Sishen Ystererts Myn in die Noordkaap, is drie kenmerkende samestellings qeidentitiseer in die grondwater: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling, en een elk van 'n myn en landbou gekontamineerde samestelling. Die omvang van nitraat en diesel kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieerd met landbou, die gebruik van plofstowwe, mynwerkswinkels en depots. Oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om hierdie probleme te beheer. In die tweede gevallestudie, Wes Driefontein Goudmyn in die Ver Wesrand, is twee kenmerkende samestellings in die grondwater gerdentifiseer: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling en 'n samestelling geassosieer met kontaminasie van die myn. "Cluster" analise is gebruik om drie grondwatersones te identifiseer, die eerste een se chemie stem redelik ooreen met 'n skoon akwifer, die tweede een se chemie is bernvloed deur die myn en die derde se chernie is deur granite bemvloed. Kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieer met mynboubedrywighede, veral die slikdamme, en landbou. Rehabilitasie van damme en afvalhope, asook oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om die probleem te verminder. Deur die mynwater probleme wat in die gevallestudies ontdek is in ag te neem, word 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandeling ondersoek en getoets vir moontlike toepassing in die mynboubedryf. Dit word aangewys as uiters effektief vir die verwydering van kalsium, maar minder effektief in die verwydering van yster en mangaan. In die algemeen, wys hierdie studie inter-afhanklikheid tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur, en 'n behoefte aan 'n rnultidissiplinere benadering.

Many minerals, such as calcite and magnetite, show diagnostic overtone and combination bands in the 350-2500 nm window. Sand, though an important unconsolidated material with great abundance on the Earth’s surface, is largely overlooked in spectroscopic studies. Over 100 sand samples were analyzed through traditional microscopic methods and compared to spectral reflectance collected via an ASD Spectroradiometer. Multiple methods were chosen to compare spectroscopic data to sand composition and grain size: 1) existing spectral indices, 2) continuum removal, 3) derivative analysis, and 4) correlation analysis. Particular focus was given to carbonate content. Results from derivative and correlation analysis showed strong correlations in the 2180-2240 nm and 2300-2360 nm windows to carbonate content. Proposed here is the Normalized Difference Carbonate Sand Index (NDCSI), which showed Pearson correlations of r=-0.78 for light-colored samples and r=-0.77 for all samples used. This index is viable for use with carbonate-rich sands. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

<p>Coal fired power plants are ubiquitous in the United States and most developed countries around the world, providing affordable electricity to consumers. In the US, approximately six hundred power plants generate 136 million tons of Coal Combustion Residuals (CCRs) annually, encompassing fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials. The range and blends of CCRs varies substantially across coal-fired plants and depends on a unique set of circumstances for each plant and coal source. Current U.S. regulations mandate the installation of advanced capture technologies to reduce atmospheric pollution, but do not address the transfer and storage, or the potential impacts to water resources. Thus improved air quality is traded for significant enrichments of contaminants in the solid waste and effluent discharged from power plants. </p><p>This work examines the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of CCRs, as well as potential environmental impacts from CCRs. This investigation looks at several different aspects of CCR and environmental interactions from 1) the immediate impacts of the 2008 TVA coal ash spill in Kingston, TN, 2) the long-term (18-month) exposure of the spilled ash in the Emory and Clinch rivers, 3) impacts on waterways in North Carolina that receive CCR effluent from coal fired power plants, and 4) examination of boron and strontium isotopes of CCRs from leaching experiments and their application as tracers in the environment of the TVA spill and NC waterways. These investigations have illuminated several conclusions, including contact of surface water with CCRs leach high concentrations of leachable CCR contaminants, such as As, Se, B, Sr, Mo, and V in the surface waters; the dilution effect is critical in determining the concentration of contaminants from the CCRs in surface water (both at the spill and in waterways receiving CCR effluent); recycling of trace elements (such as As) through adsorption/desorption can impact water quality; and elevated boron and strontium concentrations, in addition to their isotopes, can trace CCR effluent in the environment. Combining the geochemical behavior and isotopic characteristics provides a novel tool for the identification CCR effluents in the environment.</p> / Dissertation

Thèse (D.R.Min.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en association avec l'Université du Québec à Montréal, 2006. / Bibliogr.: f. 95-101. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-04-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 laranjeira_lr_me_rcla.pdf: 2413588 bytes, checksum: b353571c7c8928aa28916748b7419530 (MD5) / O presente trabalho, desenvolvido no município de Americana, estado de São Paulo, teve como objetivo avaliar a adequabilidade à disposição de resíduos sólidos através da utilização dos métodos da lógica Difusa, comparando-os aos resultados obtidos através da aplicação da análise booleana e da análise multicriterial ponderada, gerados por ARAÚJO(1999). As variáveis utilizadas na análise foram: permeabilidade relativa, capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), profundidade do lençol freático, espessura do material inconsolidado, declividade, distância das áreas urbanas, distância das estações de captação de água, distância dos principais corpos d'água e distância das áreas de proteção ambiental. Os resultados obtidos foram discutidos em termos de vantagens de aplicação dos métodos e mostraram que as áreas com adequabilidade crescente à disposição de resíduos sólidos, encontradas através dos métodos de lógica Difusa, são territorialmente mais restritas que as obtidas pelos métodos mais tradicionais. Dentre os operadores Difusos, o mais otimista foi o Operador Difuso Máximo, enquanto que o Gama Difuso o mais restritivo, os demais operadores produziram mapas intermediários. Entretanto, o mapa gerado a partir do Operador Difuso Mínimo pode ser empregado em posteriores estudos voltados à seleção de áreas para disposição de resíduos sólidos. / This study, developed in the municipal district of Americana, São Paulo State, had the aim to evaluate the waste disposal suitability, through the application of fuzzy logic methods and to compare the obtained results to those generated by boolean analysis and weighted multi- criteria analysis, produced by ARAUJO (1999). The factors used were: relative permeability, pH scale, cationic exchange capacity, unconsolidated material thickness, static level depth, slope, distance from urban perimeter, distance from water reservoir, distance from city water source and from environmental protection areas. The obtained results were discussed based on the advantages and disadvantages of the applied method and showed that the indicated areas with increasing suitability to waste disposal , produced by fuzzy logic methods, are smaller than those produced by the traditional methods. Comparing the different fuzzy operators used, the less restrictive one was the Fuzzy OR, on the other hand, the Gamma Operation was the most restrictive one and the others generated intermediary results. The map generated by the Fuzzy AND can be applied to further studies directed to site selection to waste disposal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_af_dr_rcla.pdf: 1751728 bytes, checksum: 47313b86159b0305db3753bcef660368 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ensaios geofísicos de eletro-resistividade, através das técnicas da sondagem elétrica vertical e imageamento elétrico (configurações Schlumberger e dipolo-dipolo), foram executados na área da lixeira da cidade de Porto Velho, Estado de Rondônia, com o objetivo de identificar a contaminação do subsolo e das águas subterrâneas. A geologia sobre a qual está assentado o aterro de Porto Velho é constituída por sedimentos pleistoceno (argilo-arenosos com concreções lateríticas) assentados sobre rochas graníticas da Formação Santo Antônio. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação dessas duas técnicas permite identificar locais de ocorrências dos resíduos, zonas de fraturas, diferentes litotipos do subsolo, fluxo das águas subsuperficiais e avaliar o impacto ambiental causado no meio ambiente. / Resistivity survey, with vertical electrical sounding and electrical imaging (Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configurations), were done at the waste disposal area, in city of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil with the objective to identify the contamination of the subsoil and groundwater. The local geology is constituted by pleistocenic sediments (clay-sandy litology with lateritic concretionary) overlies granitic rocks of Santo Antônio Formation. The results showed that integrating this geophysical techniques can identify places of occurrences of waste, fractures zones, different lithotypes the subsoil, underground flow and evaluate the environmental impact caused by the waste disposal

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinton_lg_me_rcla.pdf: 2438481 bytes, checksum: 5fcc22e435ffc2831fece38dd326a248 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Geoecologia da Paisagem proporciona a elaboração de zoneamentos geoambientais fundamentados em uma análise sistêmica, na qual os componentes antrópicos e naturais se integram a partir de uma caracterização socioeconômica e geoecológica da área estudada. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral elaborar o zoneamento geoambiental e funcional da área urbana do município de Cubatão-SP por meio da proposta metodológica de Rodriguez; Silva e Cavalcanti (2004) na escala 1:10.000. A escolha dessa área de estudo se deu devido a complexidade desse sistema ambiental litorâneo frente as atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas ao longo dos séculos no município, as quais tem corrompido a capacidade desse em suportar impactos ambientais. A pesquisa teve como respaldo metodológico os princípios que concernem à Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, procurando compreender a área urbana do município de Cubatão-SP como um sistema aberto. Ademais, estes princípios fundamentam a proposta metodológica de Rodriguez; Silva e Cavalcanti (2004). A caracterização socioeconômica e geoecológica da área de estudo foi realizada a partir da elaboração de distintos materiais cartográficos, em que a correlação entre esses resultou em três documentos cartográficos de síntese: Carta de Unidades Geoambientais; Carta de Estado Geoambiental e Carta de Zoneamento Geoambiental e Funcional. A Carta de Unidades Geoambientais possibilitou a identificação das paisagens dos sistemas Serrano e Planície Quaternária mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de processos naturais e, ainda, aquelas fragilizadas devido as intervenções antrópicas. Já a Carta de Estado Geoambiental permitiu verificar as condições de regulação das funções geoecológicas das unidades geoambientais perante as... / The Geoecology provides the development of geoenvironmental zoning based on a systemic analysis, in which the natural and anthropic components are integrated by geoecological and socioeconomic characterization of the studied area. This research aimed to establish the functional and geoenvironmental zoning of the urban area of the city of Cubatão – state of São Paulo (SP) - through the methodology proposed by Rodriguez; Silva and Cavalcanti (2004) on scale of 1:10.000. The choice of this area was due to the complexity of this coastal environmental system in view of human activities developed over the centuries in the city, which has corrupted its ability to withstand such impacts. The research was supported by the methodological principles of the General Systems Theory, seeking to understand the urban area of Cubatão-SP as an open system. Besides, these principles underlie the methodology proposed by Rodriguez; Silva and Cavalcanti (2004). The geoecological and socioeconomic characterization of the studied area was made from the development of different cartographic materials, and the correlation between them resulted in three cartographic documents of synthesis: Geoenvironmental Units Map, Geoenvironmental Conditions Map and Functional and Geoenvironmental Zoning Map. The Geoenvironmental Units Map enabled the identification of landscapes of Mountain and Quaternary Plain systems that are more susceptible to development of natural processes, and also those ones that are fragile due to human interventions. The Geoenvironmental Conditions Map allowed to verify the conditions for regulating the geoecological functions of the environmental units in the face of human interventions. Finally, the Functional and Geoenvironmental Zoning Map revealed conflicts and/or adjustments of current land... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Acompanha 10 mapas / Orientador: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha / Banca: Regina Célia de Oliveira / Banca: Iandara Alves Mendes / Resumo: A Geoecologia da Paisagem proporciona a elaboração de zoneamentos geoambientais fundamentados em uma análise sistêmica, na qual os componentes antrópicos e naturais se integram a partir de uma caracterização socioeconômica e geoecológica da área estudada. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral elaborar o zoneamento geoambiental e funcional da área urbana do município de Cubatão-SP por meio da proposta metodológica de Rodriguez; Silva e Cavalcanti (2004) na escala 1:10.000. A escolha dessa área de estudo se deu devido a complexidade desse sistema ambiental litorâneo frente as atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas ao longo dos séculos no município, as quais tem corrompido a capacidade desse em suportar impactos ambientais. A pesquisa teve como respaldo metodológico os princípios que concernem à Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, procurando compreender a área urbana do município de Cubatão-SP como um sistema aberto. Ademais, estes princípios fundamentam a proposta metodológica de Rodriguez; Silva e Cavalcanti (2004). A caracterização socioeconômica e geoecológica da área de estudo foi realizada a partir da elaboração de distintos materiais cartográficos, em que a correlação entre esses resultou em três documentos cartográficos de síntese: Carta de Unidades Geoambientais; Carta de Estado Geoambiental e Carta de Zoneamento Geoambiental e Funcional. A Carta de Unidades Geoambientais possibilitou a identificação das paisagens dos sistemas Serrano e Planície Quaternária mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de processos naturais e, ainda, aquelas fragilizadas devido as intervenções antrópicas. Já a Carta de Estado Geoambiental permitiu verificar as condições de regulação das funções geoecológicas das unidades geoambientais perante as... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Geoecology provides the development of geoenvironmental zoning based on a systemic analysis, in which the natural and anthropic components are integrated by geoecological and socioeconomic characterization of the studied area. This research aimed to establish the functional and geoenvironmental zoning of the urban area of the city of Cubatão - state of São Paulo (SP) - through the methodology proposed by Rodriguez; Silva and Cavalcanti (2004) on scale of 1:10.000. The choice of this area was due to the complexity of this coastal environmental system in view of human activities developed over the centuries in the city, which has corrupted its ability to withstand such impacts. The research was supported by the methodological principles of the General Systems Theory, seeking to understand the urban area of Cubatão-SP as an open system. Besides, these principles underlie the methodology proposed by Rodriguez; Silva and Cavalcanti (2004). The geoecological and socioeconomic characterization of the studied area was made from the development of different cartographic materials, and the correlation between them resulted in three cartographic documents of synthesis: Geoenvironmental Units Map, Geoenvironmental Conditions Map and Functional and Geoenvironmental Zoning Map. The Geoenvironmental Units Map enabled the identification of landscapes of Mountain and Quaternary Plain systems that are more susceptible to development of natural processes, and also those ones that are fragile due to human interventions. The Geoenvironmental Conditions Map allowed to verify the conditions for regulating the geoecological functions of the environmental units in the face of human interventions. Finally, the Functional and Geoenvironmental Zoning Map revealed conflicts and/or adjustments of current land... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Walter Malagutti Filho / Banca: Antonio Celso de Oliveira Braga / Banca: Jairo Roberto Jimenéz Rueda / Banca: Vagner Roberto Elis / Banca: Ene Glória da Silveira / Resumo: Ensaios geofísicos de eletro-resistividade, através das técnicas da sondagem elétrica vertical e imageamento elétrico (configurações Schlumberger e dipolo-dipolo), foram executados na área da lixeira da cidade de Porto Velho, Estado de Rondônia, com o objetivo de identificar a contaminação do subsolo e das águas subterrâneas. A geologia sobre a qual está assentado o aterro de Porto Velho é constituída por sedimentos pleistoceno (argilo-arenosos com concreções lateríticas) assentados sobre rochas graníticas da Formação Santo Antônio. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação dessas duas técnicas permite identificar locais de ocorrências dos resíduos, zonas de fraturas, diferentes litotipos do subsolo, fluxo das águas subsuperficiais e avaliar o impacto ambiental causado no meio ambiente. / Abstract: Resistivity survey, with vertical electrical sounding and electrical imaging (Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configurations), were done at the waste disposal area, in city of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil with the objective to identify the contamination of the subsoil and groundwater. The local geology is constituted by pleistocenic sediments (clay-sandy litology with lateritic concretionary) overlies granitic rocks of Santo Antônio Formation. The results showed that integrating this geophysical techniques can identify places of occurrences of waste, fractures zones, different lithotypes the subsoil, underground flow and evaluate the environmental impact caused by the waste disposal / Doutor