<p>More than 20 million infants in the world (15.5 % of all births) are born with low birth weight. Ninety-five % of them are in developing countries. Oral colonization of Gramnegative anaerobes has&nbsp / been implicated as a risk factor for preterm delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal pathogens and pre-term&nbsp / delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. The study sample included 200 randomly selected women admitted to the department of obstetrics-gynecology of the teaching hospital of Butare in&nbsp / Rwanda. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to identify factors which might pose a health risk to them and their infants. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from each quadrant of the mother&rsquo / s month (using paper points) within 24 hours of delivery. Ten ml of foetal cord serum samples were collected at delivery and 10 ml of maternal serum samples were&nbsp / collected within 48 of delivery. GCF was examined by PCR for the presence of 5 periodontopathogens and ELISA was used for the evaluation of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG) in foetal cord and maternal blood against the periodontopathogens. P. intermedia showed significant associations either on its own or in combinations with most indicators of&nbsp / periodontal disease used in this study, while Aa and members of the red complex were significantly associated with gum bleeding and reduced frequency of tooth brushing. A strong association&nbsp / between PLBW and maternal and foetal cord serum sample levels of IL-10 was observed. Also, a good association was observed between PLBW and FCB sample levels of IL-6. Significant&nbsp / associations were observed between PLBW and maternal IgG against the different peridontopathogens. The findings of this study may suggest that the levels of maternal IgG and foetal IgM&nbsp / against the different periodontopathogens are associated with dissemination of maternal periodontopathogens to the foetus thereby illiciting an inflammatory response which contributes to&nbsp / PLBW. </p>

<p>More than 20 million infants in the world (15.5 % of all births) are born with low birth weight. Ninety-five % of them are in developing countries. Oral colonization of Gramnegative anaerobes has&nbsp / been implicated as a risk factor for preterm delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal pathogens and pre-term&nbsp / delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. The study sample included 200 randomly selected women admitted to the department of obstetrics-gynecology of the teaching hospital of Butare in&nbsp / Rwanda. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to identify factors which might pose a health risk to them and their infants. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from each quadrant of the mother&rsquo / s month (using paper points) within 24 hours of delivery. Ten ml of foetal cord serum samples were collected at delivery and 10 ml of maternal serum samples were&nbsp / collected within 48 of delivery. GCF was examined by PCR for the presence of 5 periodontopathogens and ELISA was used for the evaluation of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG) in foetal cord and maternal blood against the periodontopathogens. P. intermedia showed significant associations either on its own or in combinations with most indicators of&nbsp / periodontal disease used in this study, while Aa and members of the red complex were significantly associated with gum bleeding and reduced frequency of tooth brushing. A strong association&nbsp / between PLBW and maternal and foetal cord serum sample levels of IL-10 was observed. Also, a good association was observed between PLBW and FCB sample levels of IL-6. Significant&nbsp / associations were observed between PLBW and maternal IgG against the different peridontopathogens. The findings of this study may suggest that the levels of maternal IgG and foetal IgM&nbsp / against the different periodontopathogens are associated with dissemination of maternal periodontopathogens to the foetus thereby illiciting an inflammatory response which contributes to&nbsp / PLBW. </p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 298-310).

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009. / Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine. Title from title screen (viewed Sept. 30, 2009) Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2009. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 139 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Mary Marcondes Feitosa / Banca: Márcia Dalastra Laurenti / Banca: Aparecido Antonio Camacho / Resumo: A importância do diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina no Brasil reside no fato de que, dentre as estratégias de controle da doença indicadas pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde, encontra-se a eliminação do cão doméstico sorologicamente positivo. Desta forma, torna-se necessário o conhecimento da sensibilidade e da especificidade das provas sorológicas utilizadas para a correta identificação destes animais. Para avaliar o desempenho dos métodos sorológicos no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina, foram determinadas e comparadas as características dos métodos de ELISA, reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e imunocromatografia, adotando-se como padrão o método parasitológico. Para tanto, foram utilizados 50 cães naturalmente acometidos por leishmaniose visceral e 45 cães sadios provenientes de área não endêmica para a doença. A RIFI revelou sensibilidade de 98% e especificidade de 91,1%, além de ótima concordância com o método parasitológico (Kappa = 0,893). Os métodos de ELISA e de imunocromatografia apresentaram boa concordância com o método parasitológico (coeficientes Kappa de 0,788 e 0,769, respectivamente) e valores de sensibilidade de 94% e 86% e especificidade de 84,4% e 91,1%, respectivamente. Com relação à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com leishmaniose visceral, das 14 amostras de soro positivas para doença de Chagas, nove (64,3%) foram consideradas positivas pela técnica de ELISA e seis (42,9%) pela RIFI, não se observando resultados positivos por imunocromatografia. Das 13 amostras de soros de animais portadores de erliquiose, uma (7,7%) apresentou resultado positivo por meio dos métodos de ELISA e de imunocromatografia. / Abstract: The importance of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis in Brazil is based on the fact that, according to the Ministry of Health, a seropositive dog must be culled. Thus, itþs important to know the sensitivity and specificity values of the methods employed for the diagnosis of the disease. To evaluate the performance of the available sorological tests for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis it was determined and compared the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunochromatographic test using the parasitological test as the gold standard. For this purposal, the study was carried out with a group of 50 naturally infected dogs from an endemic area and 45 healthy dogs from a non endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. The IFAT was 98% sensitive and 91,1% specific, and showed a very good concordance with the parasitiological test (k = 0,893). The ELISA showed a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84,4% and when kappa index was analysed, a good concordance was obseved (k = 0,788). The immunochromatographic test was 86% sensisitive and 91,1% specific and showed a good concordance with the parasitiological test (k = 0,769). About the occurrence of cross reaction with visceral leishmaniasis, nine (64,3%) out of 14 positive samples for Chagas’ disease were positive by ELISA and six (42,9%) out of 14 were positive by IFAT, while the immunocromatographic test didn’t yield any positive result. One (7,7%), out of 13 positive samples for ehrlichiosis, was positive by ELISA and immunocromatografic test. Five (83,3%) out of six positive samples for ehrlichiosis and babesiosis were positive by ELISA and three (50%) by immunocromatography, while IFAT didnþt yield any positive result. Five (50%) out of 10 positive samples for toxoplasmosis were positive by IFAT and one (10%) by immunocromatography. / Mestre

Orientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira / Coorientador: Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira / Banca: Jesus Aparecido Ferro / Banca: Teresa Cristina Goulart de Oliveira Sequeira / Banca: Anderson Ferreira da Cunha / Banca: Marcos Rogério André / Resumo: A babesiose bovina é uma hemoparasitose transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus que causa grandes prejuízos à bovinocultura do Brasil. Entre as espécies que causam as babesioses bovinas, B. bovis se destaca como a mais patogênica. É amplamente conhecida a resistência natural dos bovinos do grupo genético Bos taurus indicus frente a B. bovis. Entretanto, a relação quantitativa do nível de infecção em animais Bos taurus taurus e seus cruzamentos é desconhecida. O método clássico de detecção e quantificação da parasitemia por B. bovis apresenta baixa sensibilidade e falha no diagnostico em animais portadores. Recentemente, a técnica de qPCR tem sido utilizada com grande sucesso para este propósito. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o nível de infestação por R. (B.) microplus, a soroprevalência e a parasitemia por B. bovis, estimada através dos métodos do ELISA-teste e qPCR em bovinos de corte naturalmente infestados, de diferentes locais e grupos genéticos (grupos-locais).Verificou-se que a infestação por carrapatos foi maior nos grupos locais de taurinos, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Nos ensaios do ELISA-teste, 74,39% dos animais avaliados foram positivos, encontrando-se os maiores níveis de anticorpos em animais taurinos quando comparados aos cruzados. Nas quantificações do DNA através da qPCR, a técnica demonstrou alta sensibilidade analítica e todos os animais foram positivos. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para o numero de copias (NC) de DNA de B. bovis entre os grupos locais, onde o grupo Angus de José Bonifácio, SP (AJB) apresentou o maior nível de infecção. As repetibilidades encontradas para as contagens de R. (B.) microplus e os NC de DNA de B. bovis foram baixas, enquanto que para os níveis de anticorpos obtidos pelo ELISA-teste foram ... / Abstract: Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease, transmitted by Rhiphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick, that imposes substantial economic losses in to Brazilian livestock, among the species that cause bovine babesiosis B. bovis is the most virulent. Is widely known the natural resistance of the Bos taurus indicus genetic group to B. bovis, however, the quantitative relationship of the infection levels when compared to Bos taurus taurus and their crosses is unknown. The classical detection and quantitation method is of low sensitivity and usually fails to diagnose carrier animals. Recently, the real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques have been used successfully for these purposes. The present study aimed to determine the association among infestations by R. (B.) microplus, infection levels by B. bovis, estimated by qPCR, and the antibody levels in beef cattle naturally infested, proceeding of different locations and genetic groups (local groups). It was found greater tick infestations in taurine local groups, with significant differences between groups. In the ELISA test, 74.39% of animals were positive, meeting the highest antibodies levels in taurine animals when compared to the crossbred. In the DNA quantification, the analytical sensitivity of qPCR technique was high and all animals were positive. There were significant differences (P <0.05) for the DNA copy number (NC) among local groups, where Angus-Jose Bonifácio group (AJB) showed the highest infection levels. R. (B.) microplus scores and DNA copy number of B. bovis show low repeatability, whereas the antibodies levels were higher. No correlation among the examined measures were found. It is concluded that there is variation in the seroprevalence and DNA copy number of B. bovis among different local groups and the antibodies levels in the animals is not directly associated with the DNA NC of B. bovis, and both are independent of tick infestation / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanette_mf_me_araca.pdf: 477117 bytes, checksum: 33b9b6dcc94d610c9edaafc75071b1a8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A importância do diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina no Brasil reside no fato de que, dentre as estratégias de controle da doença indicadas pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde, encontra-se a eliminação do cão doméstico sorologicamente positivo. Desta forma, torna-se necessário o conhecimento da sensibilidade e da especificidade das provas sorológicas utilizadas para a correta identificação destes animais. Para avaliar o desempenho dos métodos sorológicos no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina, foram determinadas e comparadas as características dos métodos de ELISA, reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e imunocromatografia, adotando-se como padrão o método parasitológico. Para tanto, foram utilizados 50 cães naturalmente acometidos por leishmaniose visceral e 45 cães sadios provenientes de área não endêmica para a doença. A RIFI revelou sensibilidade de 98% e especificidade de 91,1%, além de ótima concordância com o método parasitológico (Kappa = 0,893). Os métodos de ELISA e de imunocromatografia apresentaram boa concordância com o método parasitológico (coeficientes Kappa de 0,788 e 0,769, respectivamente) e valores de sensibilidade de 94% e 86% e especificidade de 84,4% e 91,1%, respectivamente. Com relação à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com leishmaniose visceral, das 14 amostras de soro positivas para doença de Chagas, nove (64,3%) foram consideradas positivas pela técnica de ELISA e seis (42,9%) pela RIFI, não se observando resultados positivos por imunocromatografia. Das 13 amostras de soros de animais portadores de erliquiose, uma (7,7%) apresentou resultado positivo por meio dos métodos de ELISA e de imunocromatografia. / The importance of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis in Brazil is based on the fact that, according to the Ministry of Health, a seropositive dog must be culled. Thus, itþs important to know the sensitivity and specificity values of the methods employed for the diagnosis of the disease. To evaluate the performance of the available sorological tests for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis it was determined and compared the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunochromatographic test using the parasitological test as the gold standard. For this purposal, the study was carried out with a group of 50 naturally infected dogs from an endemic area and 45 healthy dogs from a non endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. The IFAT was 98% sensitive and 91,1% specific, and showed a very good concordance with the parasitiological test (k = 0,893). The ELISA showed a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84,4% and when kappa index was analysed, a good concordance was obseved (k = 0,788). The immunochromatographic test was 86% sensisitive and 91,1% specific and showed a good concordance with the parasitiological test (k = 0,769). About the occurrence of cross reaction with visceral leishmaniasis, nine (64,3%) out of 14 positive samples for Chagas disease were positive by ELISA and six (42,9%) out of 14 were positive by IFAT, while the immunocromatographic test didn t yield any positive result. One (7,7%), out of 13 positive samples for ehrlichiosis, was positive by ELISA and immunocromatografic test. Five (83,3%) out of six positive samples for ehrlichiosis and babesiosis were positive by ELISA and three (50%) by immunocromatography, while IFAT didnþt yield any positive result. Five (50%) out of 10 positive samples for toxoplasmosis were positive by IFAT and one (10%) by immunocromatography.