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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Detection of the fluorescing group of Pseudomonas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the prediction of shelf-life of dairy products

Dishart, Katy Johanna 04 August 2009 (has links)
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies has been developed for the detection of the fluorescing group of Pseudomonas. The assay was used as a rapid test (6h) for predicting the shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Milk samples were held at 7°C and tested weekly until determined to be unacceptable by daily sensory evaluation. Sterile milk samples were inoculated with target concentrations of 0 (control), 100, and 1000 cells/ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens on day 0. Samples were tested before and after preliminary incubations. Preliminary incubations conducted include milk alone and milk with broth (1:1) for 18h at 21°C. ELISA and plate counts were performed before and after preliminary incubation to determine the number of pseudomonads present and the relationship between ELISA and plate counts. These numbers were correlated to the shelf-life of each sample, as determined by sensory evaluation. Samples undergoing a preliminary incubation with only milk gave the best correlation to shelf-life (R=0.86). / Master of Science
152

Effects of using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to monitor the control of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds

Grove, Tina Moler 14 April 2009 (has links)
Bovine mastitis is the most important economic disease to the dairy industry with losses estimated at 2 billion dollars per year in the United States. Staphylococcus aureus (.§.. aureus) is the primary cause of contagious mastitis. Conventional culture methods (National Mastitis Council) were used as a basis for comparing the ability of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. ProStaph Iâ ¢, to identify s. aureus. The test had an accuracy of 96%, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97%. Results indicated that rinsing teat-cup liners with a 25 ppm iodophor or 100 ppm chlorine solution reduced the presence of S. aureus on the liners by 97%. ProStaph I was used to rapidly screen DHIA preserved milk samples in 10 Virginia cooperator herds. Herds were classified as high (>10% infected) or low prevalence (<10% infected). There were six high prevalence herds after the first test. Average prevalence of cows scoring Ab +2 and +3 was 11.9% ± 7.9. Over the seven month study, prevalence of positive cows declined significantly (P<.OI), but somatic cell count remained relatively unchanged (P>.lO). Four herds continued to have >10% of the animals infected. Incidence of new infection averaged 3.6% ± 2.8 from the first to the last test. Chronic cows averaged 6.9% ± 4.8 over the seven month study. Analysis of variance showed significant (P<.Ol) effects of herd on ProStaph I score J milk yield, and see. Elevated ProStaph I scores were highly correlated (P <.01) with increases in lactation number. ProStaph I changed quadratically (P<.Ol) with increasing SCC. Somatic cell count increased (P<.OI) as ProStaph I score increased. / Master of Science
153

Release kinetics of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the equine whole blood

Rütten, Simon, Schusser, Gerald F., Abraham, Getu, Schrödl, Wieland 21 June 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Horses are much predisposed and susceptible to excessive and acute inflammatory responses that cause the recruitment and stimulation of polymorphnuclear granulocytes (PMN) together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the release of cytokines. The aim of the study is to develop easy, quick, cheap and reproducible methods for measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the equine whole blood cultures ex-vivo time- and concentration dependently. Results: Horse whole blood diluted to 10, 20 and 50 % was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PCPwL (a combination of phytohemagglutinin E, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) or equine recombinant TNF-α (erTNF-α). TNF-α and IL-1Ra were analyzed in culture supernatants, which were collected at different time points using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Both cytokines could be detected optimal in stimulated 20 % whole blood cultures. TNF-α and IL-1Ra releases were time-dependent but the kinetic was different between them. PCPwL-induced TNF-α and IL-1Ra release was enhanced continuously over 24–48 h, respectively. Similarly, LPS-stimulated TNF-α was at maximum at time points between 8–12 h and started to decrease thereafter, whereas IL-1Ra peaked later between 12–24 h and rather continued to accumulate over 48 h. The equine recombinant TNF-α could induce also the IL-1Ra release. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that similar to PCPwL, LPS stimulated TNF-α and IL-1Ra production time-dependently in whole blood cultures, suggesting the suitability of whole blood cultures to assess the release of a variety of cytokines in health and diseases of horse.
154

Release kinetics of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the equine whole blood

Rütten, Simon, Schusser, Gerald F., Abraham, Getu, Schrödl, Wieland January 2016 (has links)
Background: Horses are much predisposed and susceptible to excessive and acute inflammatory responses that cause the recruitment and stimulation of polymorphnuclear granulocytes (PMN) together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the release of cytokines. The aim of the study is to develop easy, quick, cheap and reproducible methods for measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the equine whole blood cultures ex-vivo time- and concentration dependently. Results: Horse whole blood diluted to 10, 20 and 50 % was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PCPwL (a combination of phytohemagglutinin E, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) or equine recombinant TNF-α (erTNF-α). TNF-α and IL-1Ra were analyzed in culture supernatants, which were collected at different time points using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Both cytokines could be detected optimal in stimulated 20 % whole blood cultures. TNF-α and IL-1Ra releases were time-dependent but the kinetic was different between them. PCPwL-induced TNF-α and IL-1Ra release was enhanced continuously over 24–48 h, respectively. Similarly, LPS-stimulated TNF-α was at maximum at time points between 8–12 h and started to decrease thereafter, whereas IL-1Ra peaked later between 12–24 h and rather continued to accumulate over 48 h. The equine recombinant TNF-α could induce also the IL-1Ra release. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that similar to PCPwL, LPS stimulated TNF-α and IL-1Ra production time-dependently in whole blood cultures, suggesting the suitability of whole blood cultures to assess the release of a variety of cytokines in health and diseases of horse.
155

Analys av antikroppar mot <em>Moraxella catarrhalis</em> hos patienter med multipelt myelom, Waldenströms makroglobulinemi och monoklonal gammopati av oklar signifikans med ”enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay”

Erman, Evelina January 2010 (has links)
<p>Försämrat immunförsvar och ökad risk att drabbas av bakterie- och virusinfektioner förekommer hos patienter med blodsjukdomarna multipelt myelom, Waldenströms makroglobulinemi samt hos vissa patienter med blodsjukdomen monoklonal gammopati av oklar signifikans. Infektionerna kräver ofta antibiotikabehandling och behandling med antivirala medel. I dagsläget är det svårt att förutsäga vilka av patienterna som kommer att drabbas av svåra och ibland livshotande infektioner. Därför ges många av patienterna förebyggande antibiotikabehandling.</p><p>I studiens början sattes en enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) för detektion av antikroppar mot <em>Moraxella catarrhalis </em>upp. I studien undersöktes om antikroppstitrar i serum mot bakterien <em>Moraxella catarrhalis</em> var lägre hos patientgrupperna än hos friska kontrollpersoner i samma ålder och om variationer förekom mellan patientgrupperna samt hur kontrollgrupper i olika åldrar skiljde sig från varandra. Kontrollgrupperna som undersöktes var mellan 20-40 år, 40-60 år samt 60 år och äldre.</p><p>Resultatet var att patienterna med multipelt myelom hade lägst antikroppstitrar, patienter med monoklonal gammopati av oklar signifikans hade något högre och patienter med Waldenströms makroglobulinemi hade ännu högre antikroppstitrar. Kontrollgruppen äldre än 60 år hade högre antikroppstitrar än både kontrollgruppen 20-40 år och 40-60 år. Lägst antikroppstitrar hade kontrollgrupp 40-60 år men ingen signifikant skillnad påvisades mellan kontrollgrupp 20-40 år och 40-60 år.</p>
156

Resposta imune celular contra peptídeos crípticos do HIV-1 / Cellular immune response against HIV-1 cryptic peptides

Hong, Marisa Ailin 15 December 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: Uma fonte secundária e não convencional de peptídeos que se ligam as moléculas MHC de classe I tem sido descrita como responsável por produzir peptídeos crípticos. Esses peptídeos são imunogênicos e portanto, capazes de induzir uma resposta imunológica por células T e assim, contribuir com a resposta total exercida pelas células T CD8+, colaborando na pressão que leva HIV-1 ao processo de mutação, e consequentemente ao escape viral. Alguns pacientes, que correspondem a menos de 5% da população infectada, são capazes de naturalmente controlar a progressão da doença, mantendo a contagem de célula T CD4+ acima de 500 células/uL ou mantendo a carga viral abaixo de 2.000 cópias/mL, por ao menos 12 meses, sem ser submetido a tratamento com antirretrovirais ou esquema HAART. Avaliar a resposta imunológica destes pacientes, controladores da infecção, contra peptídeos crípticos pode nos fornecer informações importantes que colaborem com o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias preventivas. METODOLOGIA: A resposta imunológica contra peptídeos crípticos, estes derivados da transcrição da seqüência consenso e da seqüência inversa do gene do HIV-1, foram avaliados em vários conjuntos (pools), utilizando amostras coletadas de pacientes controladores, tanto avirêmicos, também conhecidos como controladores de elite (carga viral < limite de detecção), bem como virêmicos (carga viral < 2.000 cópias/mL) e, de pacientes progressores. Foi observada que a resposta imunológica contra peptídeos crípticos é mais freqüente, com maior amplitude e magnitude entre os pacientes controladores comparados ao que foi observado entre pacientes progressores. Esta resposta, entretanto, parece inverter ao longo da infecção, como observada utilizando as amostras coletadas em momento tardio da infecção, onde os controladores parecem perder sua capacidade de responder aos peptídeos crípticos, enquanto que os progressores desenvolveram resposta, ressaltando que os pools indutores de resposta nas duas fases foram diferentes. Sugerindo que a resposta imunológica contra peptídeos crípticos pode exercer papel importante de pressão sobre o vírus, levando-o ao processo de escape viral. CONCLUSÔES E IMPORTÂNCIA: Peptídeos crípticos são capazes de induzir resposta imunológica e colaborar para explicar como ocorre a seleção de alguns vírus, seja este devido à mudança na expressão das proteínas principais do HIV-1, seja diretamente gerando vírus defeituoso e não infectante. Os peptídeos crípticos podem ser incluídos em desenhos de vacina, com o intuito de aumentar a amplitude e a magnitude da resposta imunológica por células T e consequentemente, aumentar a proteção contra infecção ou progressão da infecção pelo HIV-1 / BACKGROUND: A second and unconventional source of peptides that bind to MHC class I molecule has been described to produce cryptic peptides, which are immunogenic and are able elicit T cell response, that contributes to total CD8+ T cell immune response and then exert mutation pressure on HIV-1, leading to virus escape. Some rare patients, less than 5% of infected population, are naturally able to control disease progression, either maintaining CD4+ T cells over 500 cells/uL or viral load under 2,000 copies/mL, without being treated with HAART, for at least 12 months. Understanding their immune response to cryptic peptides might be a great value to help on developing better prevention strategies. METHODOLOGY: Immune response to cryptic peptides, derived from sense and antisense transcription of HIV-1, was evaluated in pools using samples from Elite (aviremic) or HIV (viremic, < 2,000 copies/mL) controllers and progressors. Immune response to cryptic peptides are more frequent, with a larger breadth and of greater magnitude in controllers than in progressors, and this response is inversed seen in a later time point, when controllers seems to lose this response, while progressors developed it, showing cryptic peptides immune response to different pools, suggesting that immune response to cryptic peptides might play some role in pressuring the virus mutation escape. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: cryptic peptides can elicit immune response and help to explain how some virus selection happens, either by changing expression of crucial HIV-1 proteins or generating defective virus. They can be included in vaccine design for enhancing the magnitude and breadth of T cell immune response and consequently the protection against infection or progression of HIV-1 infection
157

Identificação de fonte sanguínea em dípteros da Família Culicidae, em áreas de epizootia da febre amarela silvestre / Identification of blood source in the family Culicidae flies, in areas of outbreak of jungle yellow fever

Marassa, Ana Maria 16 June 2009 (has links)
A importância em conhecer o padrão alimentar em mosquitos da Família Culicidae permite esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados à transmissão de zoonoses e estimar o grau de contato humano-vetor que é fator relevante em estudos epidemiológicos. Com o objetivo de explorar o comportamento alimentar dessa Família, em área epizoótica de febre amarela silvestre, foram coletados exemplares nos municípios de Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram obtidas por aspiração em ambiente de mata, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2007 e identificadas segundo fonte de sangue ingerido através da técnica imunoenzimática ELISA de captura no sistema avidinabiotina. Foram testadas seis fontes de alimento: ave, bovino, eqüino, humano, macaco e rato. Os resultados obtidos mediante a padronização de anticorpos monoclonais possibilitaram demonstrar pela primeira vez o reconhecimento de sangue humano ingerido nesses mosquitos pelo emprego da subclasse IgG1 e comprovar a sensibilidade e especificidade da técnica ELISA de captura. No município de Santo Antônio das Missões, de um total de 190 amostras, 60,9% reagiram para sangue de boi, 23,6% para humano, 9,9% para ave, 1,9% para macaco e 3,7% para combinações de dois hospedeiros. Quanto às amostras referentes ao município de Garruchos, das 158 fêmeas capturadas na área Cachoeirinha pode-se observar reatividade para ave (16%), boi (29,6%), humano (36,8%), cavalo (4%), macaco (0,8%) e combinações de hospedeiros (12,8%), enquanto que para as 149 fêmeas pertencentes à área de São José, detectou-se sangue ingerido de boi em (51,5%), ave e humano (11,5%), macaco (6,2%), cavalo (0,8%) e mistos (18,5%). Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentaram maior número de fêmeas ingurgitadas nos dois municípios. Os resultados obtidos com Aedes scapularis sugerem ecletismo, conforme combinações detectadas em amostras de sangue de diferentes fontes. Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentou a maior proporção de amostras contendo sangue humano em relação às demais fontes e essa característica traz implicações, por ser espécie incriminada na transmissão e por se tratar de área de ocorrência de epizootias de febre amarela. / The knowledge of mosquitoes Culicidae host feeding patterns permits to clarify some aspects related to zoonosis transmission and to estimate the degree of human-vector contact which is relevant in epidemiological studies. Aiming to explore the feeding behavior of these mosquitoes, specimens were collected in the municipalities of Santo Antônio das Missões and Garruchos, Rio Grande do Sul, an epizootic area of sylvatic yellow fever. Engorged females were collected by aspiration from forested areas from September 2005-April 2007 and their blood meals were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Six blood meal sources were tested: bird, cattle, horse, human, monkey and rat. The result achieved with the species-specific IgG1 mAb was unprecedented for mosquito blood meal identification and reinforced the sensibility and specificity of the immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Of the 190 samples from Santo Antônio das Missões, 60.9% reacted to cattle, 23.6% to human, 9.9% to bird, 1.9% to monkey and 3.7% to mixed blood meals. In Garruchos, of the 158 females collected in Cachoeirinha, 16.0% reacted to bird, 29.6% to cattle, 36.8% to human, 4.0% to horse, 0.8% to monkey and 12.8% to mixed blood, while of the 149 engorged females from São José, blood from cattle accounted for 51.5%, of blood identified, bird and human 11.5%, monkey 6.2%, horse 0.8% and mixed blood 18.5%. Blood engorged females of Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus predominated in the two municipalities. The results obtained with Aedes scapularis suggests its eclecticism, according to the combinations of blood which were detected from different sources. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was found to have the highest proportion of samples containing human blood in comparison with other sources, which has implications, on account of being incriminated in the transmission and also for taking into consideration the outbreaks reported that underline the risk of yellow fever.
158

Alpha Glutationa S Transferase: marcador de lesão hepática em pacientes com hepatite pelo vírus C? / Alpha Glutathione S Transferase: a marker of liver damage in hepatitis C virus patients?

Oliveira Júnior, Evandro Antônio Bentes de 07 January 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: A a-Glutathiona-S-transferase (aGST) vem sendo proposta como um marcador sensível e não-invasivo de lesão hepática em pacientes com Hepatite pelo vírus C. Avaliamos neste trabalho como a (aGST) se correlaciona com características bioquímicas e histológicas em pacientes com HCV. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizamos a determinação da concentração plasmática das aGST, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e gama-glutamyltransferase (gGT) em 114 pacientes com HCV, dos quais 97 foram submetidos à biópsia hepática em até 6 meses da realização dos testes bioquímicos. Avaliamos também os níveis de aGST em 66 doadores de sangue sadios, que serviram como controles. Comparamos os níveis de aGST com as demais provas bioquímicas e a histologia hepática. RESULTADOS: A aGST estava elevada em 85.96% dos pacientes com HCV e mostrou associação com a elevação das aminotransferases (p<0.01). O valor de 4mg/dL mostrou as melhores sensibilidade (85,96%) e especificidade (92,42%) para determinar a normalidade do teste aGST. aGST ³ 8mg/dL mostrou a melhor especificidade para determinar lesão histológica hepática mais agressiva e o melhor valor preditivo positivo e razão de verossimilhança positiva para inflamação portal e atividade parenquimatosa mais agressiva nos pacientes com HCV. CONCLUSÕES: A aGST está relacionada à lesão hepática na infecção pelo HCV (valor de corte = 4mg/dL) e lesões histológicas hepáticas mais agressivas (valor de corte = 8mg/dL). Neste contexto, a aGST poderia ser utilizada em pacientes com Hepatite pelo HCV com ALT elevada, como um indicador complementar de lesão histopatológica mais agressiva. Entretanto, seu valor preditivo positivo não é suficientemente elevado para evitar a necessidade de realizar a biópsia hepática, mesmo quando está acima de 8mg/dL. / BACKGROUND/AIMS: a-Glutathione-S-transferase (aGST) has been proposed as a sensitive non-invasive indicator of hepatocellular injury due to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this work, we evaluate how alpha-GST concentration correlates with biochemical and histological features in HCV patients. METHODS: We assayed plasma aGST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), spartate aminotransferase (AST) and gama-glutamyl-transferase (gGT) in 114 HCV+ patients, among whom liver biopsy was performed in 97, within 6 months of the biochemical evaluation. We also assessed aGST levels in 66 health blood donors, aimed to serve as control. We compared aGST levels with other biochemical tests and liver histology. RESULTS: In 85.96% of HCV patients aGST was elevated and showed association with serum aminotransferases (p<0.01). The value of 4mg/dL (or lower) showed the best sensitivity (85.96%) and specificity (92.42%) to determine normality on the aGST test. aGST levels 8mg/dL and higher showed the best specificity to determine the presence of more aggressive liver histological damage among HCV patients and the best predictive positive value and positive likelihood for more aggressive portal inflammation and lobular activity. CONCLUSION: aGST is related to HCV infection (cut-off = 4mg/dL) and more aggressive liver histological damage (cut-off = 8mg/dL). In this sense, aGST could be used in HCV patients with altered ALT levels as an indicator of more aggressive hystopathological damage. However, its positive predictive value (PPV) is not high enough to preclude the decision of performing hepatic biopsy, even when it is above 8mg/dL.
159

Identificação de fonte sanguínea em dípteros da Família Culicidae, em áreas de epizootia da febre amarela silvestre / Identification of blood source in the family Culicidae flies, in areas of outbreak of jungle yellow fever

Ana Maria Marassa 16 June 2009 (has links)
A importância em conhecer o padrão alimentar em mosquitos da Família Culicidae permite esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados à transmissão de zoonoses e estimar o grau de contato humano-vetor que é fator relevante em estudos epidemiológicos. Com o objetivo de explorar o comportamento alimentar dessa Família, em área epizoótica de febre amarela silvestre, foram coletados exemplares nos municípios de Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram obtidas por aspiração em ambiente de mata, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2007 e identificadas segundo fonte de sangue ingerido através da técnica imunoenzimática ELISA de captura no sistema avidinabiotina. Foram testadas seis fontes de alimento: ave, bovino, eqüino, humano, macaco e rato. Os resultados obtidos mediante a padronização de anticorpos monoclonais possibilitaram demonstrar pela primeira vez o reconhecimento de sangue humano ingerido nesses mosquitos pelo emprego da subclasse IgG1 e comprovar a sensibilidade e especificidade da técnica ELISA de captura. No município de Santo Antônio das Missões, de um total de 190 amostras, 60,9% reagiram para sangue de boi, 23,6% para humano, 9,9% para ave, 1,9% para macaco e 3,7% para combinações de dois hospedeiros. Quanto às amostras referentes ao município de Garruchos, das 158 fêmeas capturadas na área Cachoeirinha pode-se observar reatividade para ave (16%), boi (29,6%), humano (36,8%), cavalo (4%), macaco (0,8%) e combinações de hospedeiros (12,8%), enquanto que para as 149 fêmeas pertencentes à área de São José, detectou-se sangue ingerido de boi em (51,5%), ave e humano (11,5%), macaco (6,2%), cavalo (0,8%) e mistos (18,5%). Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentaram maior número de fêmeas ingurgitadas nos dois municípios. Os resultados obtidos com Aedes scapularis sugerem ecletismo, conforme combinações detectadas em amostras de sangue de diferentes fontes. Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentou a maior proporção de amostras contendo sangue humano em relação às demais fontes e essa característica traz implicações, por ser espécie incriminada na transmissão e por se tratar de área de ocorrência de epizootias de febre amarela. / The knowledge of mosquitoes Culicidae host feeding patterns permits to clarify some aspects related to zoonosis transmission and to estimate the degree of human-vector contact which is relevant in epidemiological studies. Aiming to explore the feeding behavior of these mosquitoes, specimens were collected in the municipalities of Santo Antônio das Missões and Garruchos, Rio Grande do Sul, an epizootic area of sylvatic yellow fever. Engorged females were collected by aspiration from forested areas from September 2005-April 2007 and their blood meals were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Six blood meal sources were tested: bird, cattle, horse, human, monkey and rat. The result achieved with the species-specific IgG1 mAb was unprecedented for mosquito blood meal identification and reinforced the sensibility and specificity of the immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Of the 190 samples from Santo Antônio das Missões, 60.9% reacted to cattle, 23.6% to human, 9.9% to bird, 1.9% to monkey and 3.7% to mixed blood meals. In Garruchos, of the 158 females collected in Cachoeirinha, 16.0% reacted to bird, 29.6% to cattle, 36.8% to human, 4.0% to horse, 0.8% to monkey and 12.8% to mixed blood, while of the 149 engorged females from São José, blood from cattle accounted for 51.5%, of blood identified, bird and human 11.5%, monkey 6.2%, horse 0.8% and mixed blood 18.5%. Blood engorged females of Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus predominated in the two municipalities. The results obtained with Aedes scapularis suggests its eclecticism, according to the combinations of blood which were detected from different sources. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was found to have the highest proportion of samples containing human blood in comparison with other sources, which has implications, on account of being incriminated in the transmission and also for taking into consideration the outbreaks reported that underline the risk of yellow fever.
160

Alpha Glutationa S Transferase: marcador de lesão hepática em pacientes com hepatite pelo vírus C? / Alpha Glutathione S Transferase: a marker of liver damage in hepatitis C virus patients?

Evandro Antônio Bentes de Oliveira Júnior 07 January 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: A a-Glutathiona-S-transferase (aGST) vem sendo proposta como um marcador sensível e não-invasivo de lesão hepática em pacientes com Hepatite pelo vírus C. Avaliamos neste trabalho como a (aGST) se correlaciona com características bioquímicas e histológicas em pacientes com HCV. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizamos a determinação da concentração plasmática das aGST, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e gama-glutamyltransferase (gGT) em 114 pacientes com HCV, dos quais 97 foram submetidos à biópsia hepática em até 6 meses da realização dos testes bioquímicos. Avaliamos também os níveis de aGST em 66 doadores de sangue sadios, que serviram como controles. Comparamos os níveis de aGST com as demais provas bioquímicas e a histologia hepática. RESULTADOS: A aGST estava elevada em 85.96% dos pacientes com HCV e mostrou associação com a elevação das aminotransferases (p<0.01). O valor de 4mg/dL mostrou as melhores sensibilidade (85,96%) e especificidade (92,42%) para determinar a normalidade do teste aGST. aGST ³ 8mg/dL mostrou a melhor especificidade para determinar lesão histológica hepática mais agressiva e o melhor valor preditivo positivo e razão de verossimilhança positiva para inflamação portal e atividade parenquimatosa mais agressiva nos pacientes com HCV. CONCLUSÕES: A aGST está relacionada à lesão hepática na infecção pelo HCV (valor de corte = 4mg/dL) e lesões histológicas hepáticas mais agressivas (valor de corte = 8mg/dL). Neste contexto, a aGST poderia ser utilizada em pacientes com Hepatite pelo HCV com ALT elevada, como um indicador complementar de lesão histopatológica mais agressiva. Entretanto, seu valor preditivo positivo não é suficientemente elevado para evitar a necessidade de realizar a biópsia hepática, mesmo quando está acima de 8mg/dL. / BACKGROUND/AIMS: a-Glutathione-S-transferase (aGST) has been proposed as a sensitive non-invasive indicator of hepatocellular injury due to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this work, we evaluate how alpha-GST concentration correlates with biochemical and histological features in HCV patients. METHODS: We assayed plasma aGST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), spartate aminotransferase (AST) and gama-glutamyl-transferase (gGT) in 114 HCV+ patients, among whom liver biopsy was performed in 97, within 6 months of the biochemical evaluation. We also assessed aGST levels in 66 health blood donors, aimed to serve as control. We compared aGST levels with other biochemical tests and liver histology. RESULTS: In 85.96% of HCV patients aGST was elevated and showed association with serum aminotransferases (p<0.01). The value of 4mg/dL (or lower) showed the best sensitivity (85.96%) and specificity (92.42%) to determine normality on the aGST test. aGST levels 8mg/dL and higher showed the best specificity to determine the presence of more aggressive liver histological damage among HCV patients and the best predictive positive value and positive likelihood for more aggressive portal inflammation and lobular activity. CONCLUSION: aGST is related to HCV infection (cut-off = 4mg/dL) and more aggressive liver histological damage (cut-off = 8mg/dL). In this sense, aGST could be used in HCV patients with altered ALT levels as an indicator of more aggressive hystopathological damage. However, its positive predictive value (PPV) is not high enough to preclude the decision of performing hepatic biopsy, even when it is above 8mg/dL.

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