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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Network Formation In Amine Curing Of Higher Functional Epoxy Resins

Rajakumari, P Maria Nirmal 01 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
112

Thermal Behaviour Of Mono-Fibre Composites And Hybrid Composites At Cryogenic Temperatures

Praveen, R S 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Hybrid composites forms an important field of research in the area of composite science and engineering as it gives the advantage of avoiding complex lay-up designs and provides better tuning compatibility to get desired properties in comparison with their mono-fiber counterpart. Further, utilization of composites for low temperature structures has been hindered by inconsistency of material property data and not much is reported on thermal characteristics of hybrid composites at cryogenic temperatures. This research work is focused on development of carbon-glass epoxy hybrid composite and to study the thermal behavior of these materials in comparison to its mono-fiber counterparts especially at cryogenic temperatures. The objectives are classified into the following three parts: Development of a hybrid composite with urethane modified epoxy matrix system (toughening agent used is Propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMO) and Toluene Di-Isocyanate (TDI) is added to get the polyurethane structure), for cryogenic applications. Study and understand the limitations and complexities of the experimental methodologies involved in evaluating the thermal properties of these materials namely thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat. Finally to look into the appropriate theoretical calculations and experimental results to understand the variations, if any, for these materials. Specifically the following contributions are reported in this thesis: Evaluated the modified matrix system for its physical and mechanical properties at 20K. Specimens were prepared with D638 ASTM standard, modified to suit pin loading configuration in the cryostat/Instron machine. After assessing the suitability of the matrix system, mono fibre composites of different types were made and evaluated their thermal properties viz, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and specific heat down to 20K. Based on the results of the above, a hybrid composite configuration was evolved which exhibits optimal thermal characteristics at low temperatures and its characterization for various thermal properties at cryogenic temperatures was carried out. Comparisons of the experimental results were made with macro-mechanical model and micro-mechanical model (rule of mixtures) of composite materials. The present work throws light to the fact that hybrid polymer matrix composites can very well be considered for cryogenic applications where the combination or trade off between properties like strength to conductivity ratio, modulus to conductivity ratio and low cost is to be made. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites also need to be studied to complement the study on thermal properties reported in this thesis. It is essential to have a complete understanding of behaviour of these materials at cryogenic temperatures with respect to both thermal and mechanical properties as it is evident from the available literature that the emerging demands are multi-disciplinary in nature. The present research work is aimed at highlighting the use of hybrid composites to achieve the desirable thermal properties and thereby inviting the attention of scientists and engineers who are engaged in the design of cost effective structures and appliances for cryogenic environments to focus on further research to develop
113

La Biolignine™ : Structure et Application à l'élaboration de résines époxy / Biolignine™ : Structure and Application to epoxy resins synthesis

Delmas, Guo-Hua 30 June 2011 (has links)
Le travail réalisé porte sur la caractérisation et la valorisation de la Biolignine™ de paille de blé extraite à l'échelle semi-industrielle par le procédé CIMV. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude structurale du produit et à la quantification de ses diverses fonctions hydroxyles et acides carboxyliques. Dans la seconde partie, la Biolignine™ a été utilisée, en tant que substituant du bisphénol-A, dans la synthèse de résine époxy. Les études de DSC et DLTMA ont démontré qu'après post-réticulation, les résines époxy Biolignine™-PEGDGE possèdent des caractéristiques thermomécaniques comparables à celles d'une résine époxy à base de bisphénol-A. Les résultats obtenus permettent désormais d'envisager la synthèse de résines époxy à base de Biolignine™ à plus grande échelle. / This thesis relates the structural characterization and the application of wheat straw BiolignineTM extracted at semi-industrial scale by the CIMV process. The first part is the structural study of the BiolignineTM and the quantification of its hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acids functions. In the second part, the BiolignineTM was used, as a substitute of bisphenol-A, in the synthesis of epoxy resins. DSC and DLTMA studies showed that after post-curing, epoxy resins of BiolignineTM-PEGDGE have thermomechanical properties similar to those of a bisphenol-A based epoxy resin. The results lead to the scope of BiolignineTM based epoxy resins synthesis at larger scale.
114

Development of bio-based epoxy thermosets for aerospace launchers / Développement de réseaux époxydes biosourcés pour lanceurs aérospatiaux

Savonnet, Etienne 16 February 2018 (has links)
La grande majorité des résines époxy utilisées aujourd’hui sont issues ou dérivées du bisphénol-A (BPA). Cependant, le BPA est soumis à de très fortes régulations, notamment vis-à-vis de sa récente classification comme substance chimique extrêmement préoccupante par l’agence européenne des produits chimiques (ECHA). Dans un but d’anticiper les évolutions de régulation, ArianeGroup a décidé de remplacer cette substance chimique de ces formulations. Ces travaux de thèse portent donc sur l’élaboration de nouvelles résines époxy biosourcées ayant des propriétés similaires voire supérieures aux références dérivées du bisphénol-A. Pour cela, une bioplatforme de monomères polyépoxydés issus de la vanilline, du méthyl vanillate, du 2,6-diméthoxyphénol et de l’eugénol a été développée. Ces précurseurs biosourcés ont ensuite été utilisés comme précurseurs de réseaux époxyde par réticulation avec des amines. Les réseaux réticulés biosourcés ainsi obtenus ont démontré des propriétés thermomécaniques remarquables bien supérieures à la référence de type DGEBA, notamment en termes de température de transition vitreuse (>300 °C) et taux de coke (>50%). En parallèle de ces travaux, la synthèse de diamines biosourcées, dérivées de la divanilline, et pouvant être utilisées comme agents de réticulation de résines époxy, a été réalisée. Des réseaux époxyde entièrement biosourcés ont ainsi été synthétisés et présentent des propriétés thermomécaniques prometteuses. / Today, most of the epoxy resins produced are derived from bisphenol-A (BPA). However, BPA is subject to strong regulations, particularly because of its recent classification as chemical of very high concern by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). In order to anticipate new regulations, ArianeGroup has decided to replace this substance in its applications. The aim of this thesis is to develop new bio-based epoxy thermosets with comparable thermomechanical properties as the ones issued from bisphenol-A-based materials. For this purpose, a bio-platform of epoxy monomers from vanillin, methyl vanillate, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and eugenol was developed. These precursors were cross-linked with amines used as curing agent to obtain bio-based epoxy networks. The latter demonstrated thermomechanical properties well above the DGEBA-type reference, especially in terms of glass transition temperature (> 300 °C) and char content (> 50%). Finally, the synthesis of bio-based diamines derived from divanillin was developed and enabled the synthesis of fully bio-based epoxy networks with promising thermomechanical properties.
115

Dimères d’acides résiniques et de dérivés de la lignine : nouveaux précurseurs pour la synthèse de polymères bio-sourcés / Resinic acid and lignin derivative dimers : new precursors for the synthesis of biobased polymers

Llevot, Audrey 10 December 2014 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse traitent de l’utilisation d’une molécule polycyclique, l’acide abiétique, issu de la colophane, et de dérivés phénoliques potentiellement dérivés de la lignine, pour la synthèse de polymères rigides bio-sourcés. Dans les deux cas, des monomères symétriques et difonctionnels sont élaborés par réaction de dimérisation des précurseurs bio-sourcés puis testés en polymérisation. D’une part, les dimères de l’acide abiétique obtenus par un mécanisme cationique possèdent des structures mal définies qui compliquent leur polymérisation. Ces dimères ont alors été estérifiés avec de l’undécénol afin d’obtenir un composé bis-insaturé qui est ensuite polymérisé par ADMET. D’autre part, un procédé de dimérisation de molécules phénoliques, potentiellement issues de la lignine, a été développé par voie enzymatique utilisant une laccase. L’avantage majeur de ce procédé ‘vert’ réside dans la séparation très simple entre le monomère, soluble, et son dimère, insoluble. Ces dimères ont ensuite été modifiés chimiquement afin de constituer une bio-plateforme de composés biphényles fonctionnels. Ces composés ont été utilisés pour la synthèse de polyesters, polyamides et résines époxy qui présentent des propriétés thermiques et thermomécaniques remarquables. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate new biobased rigid synthons for the synthesis of polymers with high thermomechanical properties. A polycyclic biobased molecule, i.e resinic acids, and phenolic compounds potentially derived from lignin, such as vanillin were selected. Both classes of substrates were dimerized in order to get difunctional symmetric synthons. On the one hand, abietic acid dimers synthesized via a cationic mechanism presented an ill-defined structure. To avoid reactivity issues, dimers with reactive terminal double bonds were successfully synthesized by esterification of abietic acid dimers with undecenol and polymerized by ADMET methodology. On the other hand, we developed a “green” process to dimerize phenolic compounds derived from lignin in large quantity and high yield via enzymatic catalysis using a laccase. The main advantage of this method is that the phenolic monomer is soluble in the reaction medium while the dimer precipitates. After chemical modifications of the dimers, we built a functional bio-platform of biphenyl derivatives. The latter were then used for the synthesis of polyesters, polyamides and epoxy resins which exhibited remarkable thermal and thermomechanical properties.
116

Hyperstern-Polymere mit hochverzweigten Kernen und polaren Armen - Ihre Synthese, Charakterisierung und Anwendung als Reaktivbinder in Epoxy-basierten Photo- und Thermolacken

Däbritz, Frank 21 October 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Diese Dissertation beschreibt die Synthese und Charakterisierung neuartiger Hyperstern-Polymere (HSP) und deren Funktion als Reaktivbinder in Epoxy- bzw. PUR-Harzen. Hyperstern-Polymere sind Hybride aus hochverzweigten (hvz) und linearen Polymeren. Sie können über ihre reaktiven OH-Gruppen als multifunktionelle hochverzweigte Quervernetzer kovalent in ein kationisch härtendes Epoxyharz einbinden und thermische sowie thermomechanische Eigenschaften verbessern.
117

Sensor a fibra ótica encapsulado em resina polimérica com reforço de fibra de vidro para aplicação em gerador de alta potência

Galvão, José Rodolfo 29 May 2015 (has links)
ANEEL; FINEP; CAPES; CNPQ; Fundação Araucária / Neste trabalho é apresentada uma aplicação de sensores à fibra ótica baseados em redes de Bragg encapsulados em compósito de resina polimérica com reforço de fibra de vidro. Foram avaliadas três resinas epóxi comerciais. O objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar os compósitos e investigar a viabilidade de embeber sensores a fibra ótica, baseados em redes de Bragg em fibras óticas em compósito epóxi. Na caracterização das amostras, foram realizados: Ensaios para avaliar a tensão residual após a cura das amostras. Nos ensaios, foram utilizados sensores FBGs incrustados no compósito. Ensaios para avaliar a temperatura de transição vítrea através da técnica Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC). Ensaios de tração axial e flexão simples utilizando máquina de teste universal e ensaios para avaliar o comportamento do compósito quando sujeito a uma carga fixa e temperatura variando de 20 °C até a temperatura limite da transição vítrea do compósito. Os resultados mostram um elevado grau de integração das FBGs no compósito epóxi. Um dos resultados é promissor para aplicações em um gerador de alta potência e em ambientes hostis com temperatura de trabalho até 127 °C. / This work presents an application of optical fiber sensors based on Bragg gratings encapsulated in polymeric composite resin with glass fiber reinforcement. Three commercial epoxy resins were evaluated. The main objective of the study is to characterize the composites and investigate the feasibility of embedding the optical fiber sensors based on Bragg gratings in epoxy composite. In the characterization of the samples tensile tests were performed to evaluate the residual stress after the curing process. The residual stress was investigated by mains of a FBG sensor embedded in the composite. Additionally, tests were conducted to evaluate the glass transition temperature by DSC technique. The values of the axial tensile and simple flexural stress were investigated using a universal testing machine. In addition, tests were performed for evaluating the composite behavior when subjected to a fixed load and variable temperature ranging from 20 °C to the temperature limit of the glass transition of the composite. The results show a high level of integration of the FBGs with the epoxy composite. One of the results is promising for applications in a high power generator and in hostile environments working at temperatures up to 127 °C. / 5000
118

Método ultrassônico para avaliação da viscosidade e do coeficiente de compressibilidade durante o processo de cura de resinas / Ultrasonic method for assessing the viscosity and compressibility values during the curing process of resins

Newton Alves Maia 18 January 2010 (has links)
Durante a cura, ou seja, durante o processo de reticulação, resinas sofrem alterações irreversíveis em suas propriedades químicas e físicas, como, por exemplo, alterações significativas em seu coeficiente de compressibilidade (inverso do módulo de compressão volumétrico) e em sua viscosidade. A variação destas propriedades, ao longo de uma dimensão (direção) no interior de uma resina em processo de cura, pode ser obtida a partir de técnicas ultrassônicas baseadas no princípio pulso-eco, que permite a estimativa da velocidade de propagação e das atenuações das ondas. Antes da cura, as resinas apresentam velocidades de propagação entre 1600 e 1800 m/s, com viscosidade e atenuação pequenas. Durante o processo de cura ocorre um aumento notável da viscosidade, que causa grandes atenuações na onda ultrassônica. Chegando ao final do processo de cura, tanto a atenuação quanto a viscosidade voltam a diminuir. Após a reticulação, a velocidade de propagação pode ser superior a 2500 m/s. Visto que a densidade varia pouco durante a cura, a alteração de velocidade, observada durante a cura, pode ser atribuída às mudanças no módulo de compressão volumétrico da resina. O método pulso-eco descrito nesta dissertação permite monitorar, de forma não invasiva, a variação da viscosidade e a variação do coeficiente de compressibilidade durante o tempo de cura de uma resina epóxi, ao longo da direção de propagação de uma onda ultrassônica. / During the curing process, i.e. crosslinking process, resins suffer significant and irreversible changes on theirs chemical and physical properties, as the alterations in the compressibility coefficient (the inverse of bulk modulus) and in the viscosity. The changes in these properties along a direction inside of a resin, under a curing process, can be estimated with techniques based on pulse-echo ultrasonic waves. With these techniques is possible to obtain the ultrasonic wave speed and the attenuation imposed on the wave by a resin under curing. Before the cure, resins have speeds of wave propagation between 1600 and 1800 m/s, low attenuation and low viscosity. As the curing process evolves, there is a remarkable increase of viscosity, which causes great attenuations. After that, and until the end of the curing process, the viscosity and the attenuation decrease. After the cure and solidification, the wave speed may reach values up to 2500 m/s. Since the density almost does not vary during the cure, the changes in wave speed can be attributed to changes in the resins bulk modulus. The pulse-echo method, described in this dissertation, allows the monitoring, in a no invasive way, of the variation of the bulk modulus and the changes in viscosity along a direction of propagation of an ultrasonic wave, during the curing process of an epoxy resin.
119

Estudos dos efeitos da adição de copolímeros em blocos em nanocompósitos de matriz epoxídica reforçados com nanoplateletes de grafeno e nanotubos de carbono / Effects of the addition of block copolymers nanocomposite epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon allotropic nanoparticles

Abreu, Iury Körting de 19 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iury.pdf: 24951 bytes, checksum: 2940126ad384e071aa040115b3667855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz está diretamente ligado às propriedades físicas dos nanocompósitos. Assim técnicas que visam um estado de dispersão mais homogêneo das nanopartículas na matriz são constantemente estudadas. Funcionalização não covalente, ou física, é uma técnica que utiliza-se de interações Coulombianas e/ou barreira estérica com o objetivo de estabilizar a interação entre nanopartícula/matriz e consequentemente obter um estado de dispersão homogêneo. Utilizando copolímero em bloco BYK- 9077® como agente funcionalizante não covalentemente, este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir nanocompósitos de matriz epoxídica Novolac® reforçados com nanoplateletes de grafeno ou nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados não covalentemente. Foram analisadas a influência da adição do copolímero em bloco nas propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas dos nanocompósitos produzidos. Utilizou-se frações volumétricas de nanopartículas nos valores de 0,15%, 0,50% e 1,50%. A partir destes valores foi adicionado copolímero em bloco nas quantidades de 1, 5 e 10 vezes a quantidade em massa das nanopartículas. Foram realizadas espectroscopia Raman para caracterização das nanopartículas, verificando o grau de pureza das mesmas, assim como o número de plateletes empilhados. Analisando os resultados, estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz sem a adição de copolímero em bloco não foi homogêneo, assim foram encontrados aglomerados de nanopartículas em Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. Também os valores de Tg s não variaram significativamente em comparação com a resina pura, indicando dispersão não homogênea. Já ao adicionar copolímero em bloco, em quantidades baixas, 1x, foi possível observar aumentos de 8% no módulo de elasticidade, indicativo de que a adição de copolímero em bloco nesta quantidade tornou a dispersão das nanopartículas mais homogênea na matriz. Esta afirmação foi verificada em Microscopia Eletrônica de transmissão. Em contrapartida, conforme foi aumentado a quantidade de copolímero em bloco, 5 e 10x, foram observadas formação de uma segunda fase, que por consequência diminuiu o módulo de elasticidade, tensão de ruptura e Tg.
120

Purificação e funcionalização de nanotubos de carbono e produção de compósitos de matriz epóxi reforçados com nanotubos de carbono aminados / Purification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and epoxy matrix composites production reinforced with amino carbon nanotubes

Bertoncini, Mariana 11 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parte 3.pdf: 482495 bytes, checksum: 9b5dfbfdca016633f541825e4d0a771d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / One of the most frequent problem in the manufacture of composites with carbon nanotubes (CNT) is the interfacial interaction between the CNT and the matrix. Aiming to solve this problem, after previous oxidation, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were functionalized with amine groups by two different routes, via a Me2NSO2Cl and HBA. The thermogravimetry (TG) showed a decrease on the thermal stability of functionalized MWCNT. The MWCNT were also analyzed by elemental anaysis, which showed an increase in the amount of oxygen and nitrogen in the functionalized material, proving the amination of MWCNT. Composites of resin DGEBA were manufactured with pristine and amino MWCNT composites, where the concentration of the MWCNT ranged from 0.1 to 0.5% (m / m). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite compared to the neat resin, and the reduction was more evident in composites with functionalized MWCNT. The composites were also analyzed by mechanical compression, flexural and tensile tests. In compression tests there was no significant difference between the neat resin and the composites modulus but the composite with MWCNT functionalized Me2NSO2Cl reaches maximum compression stress, the highest value. Bending tests showed an increase in the modulus and maximum stress of the composites compared to pure resin. The higher results were obtained when the concentration of MWCNT was 0.1% (m / m) and with MWCNT functionalized material via Me2NSO2Cl. No major differences were observed for the modulus and strength of neat resin and composites under tensile test. In this work, a study of purification of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere at 1250 ° C, followed by supercritical fluid extraction, were also performed. The CNT were submitted to extraction with supercritical CO2 as solvent. The choice of surfactant (TBP) and chelating (HFA) was carried out to eliminate metallic impurities (especially iron) from the catalyst. Analysis by Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) showed a significant reduction in the amounts of iron and cobalt. The purified SWCNT were then analyzed by TG , Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results showed that the removal of metal catalysts improve significantly the thermal resistance of the CNT. / Uma das mais freqüentes questões na fabricação de compósitos com nanotubos de carbono (NTC) é a interação interfacial entre os NTC e a matriz. Com o intuito de melhorar esta interação os nanotubos de carbono de parede múltipla (NTCPM), após prévia oxidação, foram funcionalizados com grupos amínicos por duas rotas diferentes, uma via Me2NSO2Cl e a outra via HBA. As análises termogravimétricas (TG) mostraram uma diminuição da estabilidade térmica dos NTCPM funcionalizados. Os NTCPM também foram analisados por análise elementar, que mostrou um aumento na quantidade de oxigênio e nitrogênio no material funcionalizado, comprovando a aminação dos NTCPM. Com NTCPM pristine e aminados foram fabricados compósitos com matriz de resina epoxídica éter diglicidilício do Bisfenol A (DGEBA), em que a concentração dos NTCPM variou de 0,1 a 0,5% (m/m). As análises por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) mostraram uma diminuição da Tg do compósito em relação a resina pura, sendo a queda mais evidente nos compósitos com NTCPM funcionalizados. Os compósitos também foram analisados por ensaios mecânicos de compressão, flexão e tração. Nos ensaios de compressão não houve diferenças significativas entre os módulos da resina pura e dos compósitos, já na tensão máxima houve aumento, para o compósito com NTCPM funcionalizados com Me2NSO2Cl. Nos ensaios de flexão houve aumento no módulo e na tensão máxima dos compósitos em relação à resina pura, sendo os valores maiores quando a concentração de NTCPM foi de 0,1% (m/m) e com material funcionalizado via Me2NSO2Cl. Nos ensaios de tração não foram percebidas diferenças nos módulos e tensões máximas comparando os compósitos e a resina pura. Neste trabalho também foi realizado um estudo de purificação de NTCPS, produzidos por descarga em arco, seguido de tratamento térmico em atmosfera inerte a 1250ºC, seguido por extração em fluído supercrítico, CO2 no estado supercrítico como solvente. A escolha do surfactante (TBP) e do quelante (HFA) foi feita com intuito de eliminar impurezas metálicas (especialmente ferro), provenientes do catalisador. Análises de Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica por Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP) mostram que houve redução na quantidade de ferro e cobalto. Os NTCPS purificados foram posteriormente analisados por TG, espectroscopia Raman e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados mostraram que a retirada dos metais aumenta consideravelmente a resistência térmica dos NTCPS.

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