Combined anaerobic/aerobic processes for municipal wastewater treatment is quite recent; the studies developed have shown these processes are feasible for the removal of organic, nutrient substances and reduction of sludge produced. Previous studies developed at the Marrero Wastewater pilot plant (fully aerobic system) revealed that the minimum solids contact chamber hydraulic residence (HRT) time in which bioflocculation occurs satisfactorily (effluent SS concentrations < 20 mg/L) is 15 min; however, in the combined anaerobic/aerobic system HRT< 100 minutes resulted in poor floc settling properties and turbid supernatants. Exocellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been found to be the key factor for bioflocculation to occur. Past studies in fully aerobic pilot plant demonstrated that the concentration of EPS increased with mixed liquor concentration and solids retention time. The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of mixed volatile suspended solids(MLVSS), solids retention time(SRT), and dissolved oxygen(DO) in the production of EPS in the combined anaerobic/ solids contact chamber and its relationship with settling parameters. To carry out the objectives of this investigation three experimental phases were developed : 1) The MLVSS concentration was varied between 1000-4000 mg/l, keeping the SRT and DO as constant as possible 2) The SRT was changed between 2-8 days, keeping the MLVSS concentration between 1500-3500 mg/l and DO between 2-3 mg/l 3) the DO concentration was varied between 0-5mg/l. For a DO of zero, EPS were extracted from the sludge produced in the anaerobic reactor. Analysis of the data showed that the combined system proved to be unstable producing unexpected results such as no clear relationship between MLVSS and EPS. For a DO of zero, no EPS are produced and no flocculation takes place; therefore, effluents with poor quality can be expected from anaerobic treatment units. To meet secondary effluent standards in aeration chamber, capable of promoting the transformation from anaerobic to aerobic biota, and the generation of EPS, high SRT and HRT is required. Under these conditions the system anaerobic/solids contact chamber has an excellent potential for providing secondary treatment for municipal wastewater; nevertheless, the system is not as stable as the conventional aerobic one and bulking problems are common and difficult to content.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1535_1.pdf: 1353342 bytes, checksum: 298a530e1ac716f2d34a38105cb26b4b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / Os biopolímeros polissacarídicos de origem microbiana, sintetizados por bactérias, fungos e leveduras são também conhecidos como goma devido a sua capacidade de formar soluções viscosas e géis em meio aquoso. A produção de exopolissacarídeos (EPS) microbianos tem sido objeto de intensa pesquisa, tendo em vista seu elevado potencial de aplicação em diferentes setores. No entanto os polissacarídeos sintetizados por bactérias do grupo Rhizobium, tem sido estudados na tentativa de melhor compreender sua participação na simbiose leguminosa X Rhizobium, uma vez que estes biopolímeros parecem ser determinantes da especificidade simbiótica, entretanto a precisa função destas moléculas ainda está sendo investigada. No processo de produção e viscosidade de polissacarídeo a ser obtido, deve-se considerar desde o microrganismo em estudo até a determinação dos parâmetros de agitação, tempo de incubação, excesso ou ausência de carboidratos e volume de inoculo, onde se destaca o meio de produção e sua influência na síntese, no rendimento e na composição dos EPS. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e viscosidade de biopolímeros obtidos de 8 isolados de Rhizobium sp. comparados com a estirpe padrão Rhizobium tropici (CIAT 899) em diferentes tempos de cultivo. O biopolímero foi obtido através de agitação, em incubador agitador. As condições foram: 28 °C, 200 rpm por 96 e 168 horas em meio YM modificado. Foram avaliados: a produção, pela massa seca da solução aquosa dos biopolímeros a 2,5 % (v/v) através da técnica da massa seca e após a secagem do produto foi realizada em dissecador à temperatura de 30 °C, até massa constante. Para medidas de viscosidade, as amostras foram determinadas em viscosímetro rotacional Brookfield (modelo RVT, Spindle 1) a 20 °C, a diferentes taxas de cisalhamento. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados no tempo de fermentação de 168 horas apresentou maior produção de EPS. Com o aumento do tempo também houve um aumento da viscosidade para todos os isolados

As placas de madeira aglomerada, amplamente empregadas para fabricação de móveis, estão consolidadas no mercado, mas merecem especial atenção devido ao seu alto custo quanto aos adesivos empregados e principalmente à vulnerabilidade à umidade se caso entre em contato com a mesma. Diante os fatos, este trabalho apresenta uma nova alternativa de adesivo, empregado por meio de aparas de isopor (EPS), largamente encontrados como resíduos, e o mesmo, ao envolver as partículas de madeira, material também empregado para a fabricação dos painéis, o torna apto para emprego em ambientes ligados diretamente à umidade, sejam eles internos ou externos à edificação. Com isso, o presente trabalho apresenta a elaboração e a proposta de utilização de um novo produto em forma de painel de madeira, produzido com serragem residual de serrarias, como partículas, e EPS (isopor) dissolvido, como adesivo, que possam ser empregados também na construção civil. Assim, foram produzidos painéis com quatro espécies de resíduos de madeira: pinus, eucalipto, teca e peroba. De cada uma das amostras, foram confeccionados dez painéis para a avaliação das características física, mecânica e outros ensaios. Dos resultados de caracterização física, pode-se concluir que os painéis estão conforme padrões exigidos pela norma brasileira NBR 14.810-2 - \"Chapas de madeira aglomerada\" da ABNT (2006b), e, devido aos baixos valores de inchamento, são adequados à utilização em ambientes úmidos e/ou externos. Dos resultados de caracterização mecânica, os painéis apresentaram bons resultados quanto à ligação interna e compressão, indicando ser promissor o uso de isopor como adesivo bem como sua utilização atrelada a painéis de fechamento. Entretanto, como os resultados de flexão estática não foram satisfatórios, prova-se que tais painéis não podem ser solicitados estruturalmente. Quanto aos outros ensaios realizados, todos os resultados foram favoráveis e, se utilizados conforme especificações técnicas, tornam-se coerentes para empregos em edificação. Como resultado, observou-se que os painéis podem ser produzidos e utilizados no mercado da construção civil, certificando que o produto pode ser empregado de forma segura, desde que sejam conhecidas suas funções, tempo de uso e manutenções necessárias. Desta forma, pretende-se contribuir para a produção e a análise de novos materiais que possam colaborar com a melhoria ambiental. / The particleboards, which are widely employed to manufacturing furniture, are established in the market, but they deserve a special attention due to their high cost considering the adhesives used on them and, paramountly, due to their vulnerability to humidity if on contact with their own parts. Facing the facts, this work presents a new alternative adhesive, applied with Styrofoam trims (EPS), usually found as residues, it may be used for involving the particles of wood, which are also used for manufacturing of the panels, and it makes it suitable for the use in environments directly related to humidity, whether it is internal or external to the building. Therewith, this work introduce the explanation and the proposition of the use of a new product in the shape of wood panel, produced with residual sawdust from sawmills, as particles and the EPS (Styrofoam) dissolved as an adhesive, which might also be used in construction. So, panels have been produced with four kinds of residual wood: pine, eucalyptus, teak and peroba. From each one of the samples, it has been manufactured ten boards for the evaluation of the physical and mechanical characteristics and other tests. From the results of physical description, it may be concluded the panels are in conformity with the requirements of the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 - \"Particleboards\" from ABNT (2006b), and due to low swelling values are appropriate to use it in humid and or outdoor environments. The results of mechanical description, the panels have shown satisfying results as for the internal connection and compression, indicating it is promising the use of Styrofoam as an adhesive and also its use in cable management panels. However, since the results of the static bending were not sufficient, it is proved such panels cannot be ordered, structurally. As for the other tests, all the results were positive and if they were used according to the technical specifications, they would become consistent for the application in construction. As a result, it was observed the panels might be produced and used in the market of construction, confirming the product may be applied safely as long as their functions are recognized, useful life, and required maintenance. In this way, it is intended to contribute to the production and analysis of new materials which may collaborate to improvement of the environment.

As placas de madeira aglomerada, amplamente empregadas para fabricação de móveis, estão consolidadas no mercado, mas merecem especial atenção devido ao seu alto custo quanto aos adesivos empregados e principalmente à vulnerabilidade à umidade se caso entre em contato com a mesma. Diante os fatos, este trabalho apresenta uma nova alternativa de adesivo, empregado por meio de aparas de isopor (EPS), largamente encontrados como resíduos, e o mesmo, ao envolver as partículas de madeira, material também empregado para a fabricação dos painéis, o torna apto para emprego em ambientes ligados diretamente à umidade, sejam eles internos ou externos à edificação. Com isso, o presente trabalho apresenta a elaboração e a proposta de utilização de um novo produto em forma de painel de madeira, produzido com serragem residual de serrarias, como partículas, e EPS (isopor) dissolvido, como adesivo, que possam ser empregados também na construção civil. Assim, foram produzidos painéis com quatro espécies de resíduos de madeira: pinus, eucalipto, teca e peroba. De cada uma das amostras, foram confeccionados dez painéis para a avaliação das características física, mecânica e outros ensaios. Dos resultados de caracterização física, pode-se concluir que os painéis estão conforme padrões exigidos pela norma brasileira NBR 14.810-2 - \"Chapas de madeira aglomerada\" da ABNT (2006b), e, devido aos baixos valores de inchamento, são adequados à utilização em ambientes úmidos e/ou externos. Dos resultados de caracterização mecânica, os painéis apresentaram bons resultados quanto à ligação interna e compressão, indicando ser promissor o uso de isopor como adesivo bem como sua utilização atrelada a painéis de fechamento. Entretanto, como os resultados de flexão estática não foram satisfatórios, prova-se que tais painéis não podem ser solicitados estruturalmente. Quanto aos outros ensaios realizados, todos os resultados foram favoráveis e, se utilizados conforme especificações técnicas, tornam-se coerentes para empregos em edificação. Como resultado, observou-se que os painéis podem ser produzidos e utilizados no mercado da construção civil, certificando que o produto pode ser empregado de forma segura, desde que sejam conhecidas suas funções, tempo de uso e manutenções necessárias. Desta forma, pretende-se contribuir para a produção e a análise de novos materiais que possam colaborar com a melhoria ambiental. / The particleboards, which are widely employed to manufacturing furniture, are established in the market, but they deserve a special attention due to their high cost considering the adhesives used on them and, paramountly, due to their vulnerability to humidity if on contact with their own parts. Facing the facts, this work presents a new alternative adhesive, applied with Styrofoam trims (EPS), usually found as residues, it may be used for involving the particles of wood, which are also used for manufacturing of the panels, and it makes it suitable for the use in environments directly related to humidity, whether it is internal or external to the building. Therewith, this work introduce the explanation and the proposition of the use of a new product in the shape of wood panel, produced with residual sawdust from sawmills, as particles and the EPS (Styrofoam) dissolved as an adhesive, which might also be used in construction. So, panels have been produced with four kinds of residual wood: pine, eucalyptus, teak and peroba. From each one of the samples, it has been manufactured ten boards for the evaluation of the physical and mechanical characteristics and other tests. From the results of physical description, it may be concluded the panels are in conformity with the requirements of the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 - \"Particleboards\" from ABNT (2006b), and due to low swelling values are appropriate to use it in humid and or outdoor environments. The results of mechanical description, the panels have shown satisfying results as for the internal connection and compression, indicating it is promising the use of Styrofoam as an adhesive and also its use in cable management panels. However, since the results of the static bending were not sufficient, it is proved such panels cannot be ordered, structurally. As for the other tests, all the results were positive and if they were used according to the technical specifications, they would become consistent for the application in construction. As a result, it was observed the panels might be produced and used in the market of construction, confirming the product may be applied safely as long as their functions are recognized, useful life, and required maintenance. In this way, it is intended to contribute to the production and analysis of new materials which may collaborate to improvement of the environment.

Élimination de l'azote est obligatoire dans moderne usine de traitement des eaux usées (STEP) en raison de sa toxicité à la fois humaine et l'écosystème. Un niveau élevé d'azote peut provoquer une eutrophisation dans le système aquatique. Élimination de l'azote autotrophes qui combine nitritation partielle et Anammox est une technologie attrayante qui est approprié pour une grande force d'ammonium des eaux usées à faible teneur en carbone organique. Toutefois, le ralentissement de la croissance extrême des bactéries Anammox avec le temps de 9-13 jours doubler entrave la pleine application de l'échelle. L'objectif de cette recherche était d'étudier la faisabilité et la stratégie opérationnelle de l'enrichissement Anammox de boues conventionnelle aérobie (réacteur ASR), la dénitrification des boues (Réacteur DSR) et boue anaérobie (réacteur ANR) en utilisant réacteur biologique séquentiel (SBR). Anammox processus a été établi avec succès en DSR avec une élimination de l'azote total d'environ 80% sous le contrôle strict de l'oxygène au bout de 150 jours, ce qui est confirmé par la composition chimique de l'influent / effluents ainsi que l'analyse microbienne. Sous la même condition opérationnelle, ANR atteint seulement 20-30% d'élimination de l'azote total. Avec un temps plus court de rétention hydraulique (HRT) et de contrôle d'oxygène insuffisante, ASR a atteint 50-60% du total élimination de l'azote après 240 jours. Tous les réacteurs ont connu la fluctuation des performances au cours du processus d'enrichissement, qui est censé être la conséquence de facteurs inhibiteurs tels que l'oxygène dissous, sans nitrites et l'ammoniac libre ainsi que les bactéries coexistantes indésirables qui sont en concurrence pour le même substrat. L'électrophorèse sur gel de gradient dénaturant (DGGE) bande à partir des échantillons d'ADN amplifiés extraites ASR lors de l'étape d'enrichissement différente montre une nette évolution de la composition microbienne. Substances polymères extracellulaires (EPS) de différents biomasse Anammox ont été extraites et caractérisé par analyse quantitative et qualitative pour enquêter sur sa corrélation avec le processus d'enrichissement dans un bioréacteur de l'échelle du laboratoire. Une diminution de la protéine au polysaccharide (PN / PS) rapport et une augmentation du rendement total d'extraction EPS ont été observés au cours du processus d'enrichissement. La matrice à trois dimensions excitation d'émission (3D-EEM) a montré un endroit similaire des pics de fluorescence pour tous les échantillons tandis que les échantillons avec des bactéries Anammox possèdent deux pics distincts dans le bas de gamme d'onde d'excitation. Pics multiples excitation peuvent se produire comme en témoigne la fluorescence identique chromatogramme après chromatographie d'exclusion de taille (SEC) à séparation d'excitation / émission de 221/350 nm et 280/330 nm. Rayons ultraviolets (UV) absorbance à 210 nm a été enregistrée en même temps que la détection de fluorescence à une excitation / émission 222/300 nm de longueur d'onde, 221/350 nm et 280/330 nm après séparées par SEC. Avec l'enrichissement de bactéries Anammox, chromatogramme UV montré une augmentation en intensité et en nombre de pics, alors que chromatogrammes fluorescence ont montré nombre maximal similaire et seulement augmentent en intensité. Une augmentation de l'hydrophobie a été observée au cours du procédé d'enrichissement. Les résultats de cette étude sont attendus pour étendre la connaissance de l'évolution du processus d'enrichissement Anammox EPS ainsi que de fournir nouvelle approche pour la caractérisation des EPS extraites de Anammox boues / Removal of nitrogen is mandatory in modern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) due to its toxicity to both human and the ecosystem. A high level of nitrogen may cause eutrophication in aquatic system. Autotrophic nitrogen removal which combines partial nitritation and Anammox is an attractive technology which is suitable for high Ammonium strength wastewater with low organic carbon content. However the extreme slow growth of the Anammox bacteria with doubling time of 9-13 days hinders its wide full scale application. The aim of this research was to investigate the feasibility and operational strategy of Anammox enrichment from conventional aerobic sludge (Reactor ASR), denitrification sludge (Reactor DSR) and anaerobic sludge (Reactor ANR) using sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Anammox process was successfully established in DSR with a total nitrogen removal of approximately 80% under strict oxygen control after 150 days which is confirmed by chemical composition of the influent/effluent as well as microbial analysis. Under the same operational condition, ANR reached only 20-30% total nitrogen removal. With a shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and insufficient oxygen control, ASR reached 50-60% total nitrogen removal after 240 days. All the reactors experienced fluctuating performances during the enrichment process, which is believed to be the consequence of inhibitory factors such as dissolved oxygen, free nitrite and free ammonia as well as undesirable coexisting bacteria which compete for the same substrate. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band from the amplified DNA samples extracted from ASR during different enrichment stage shows a clear evolution of the microbial composition. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from different Anammox biomass have been extracted and characterized by quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate its correlation with the enrichment process in a lab scale bioreactor. A decrease of protein to polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio and an increase in total EPS extraction yield were observed during the enrichment process. The three dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM) showed similar location of the fluorescence peaks for all samples while samples with Anammox bacteria possess two distinct peaks in the low excitation wavelength range. Multi-excitation peaks may occur as evidenced by the identical fluorescence chromatogram after size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separation at excitation/emission 221/350 nm and 280/330 nm. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 210 nm was recorded simultaneously with fluorescence detection at excitation/emission wavelength 222/300 nm, 221/350 nm and 280/330 nm after separated by SEC. With the enrichment of Anammox bacteria, UV chromatogram showed increase in both intensity and number of peaks, whereas fluorescence chromatograms showed similar peak number and only increase in intensity. An increase of hydrophobicity was observed during the enrichment process. The results of this study are expected to extend the knowledge of EPS evolution of Anammox enrichment process as well as providing novel approach for the characterization of EPS extracted from Anammox sludge

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). EPS is associated with extensive thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in the formation of a fibrous cocoon encapsulating the bowel leading to intestinal obstruction. The presence of peritoneal thickening, peritoneal calcification and bowel obstruction is considered to be diagnostic of EPS. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of EPS is through the 'two-hit' fibrosis model. This model, however, does not explain the development of peritoneal calcification in patients with EPS. This thesis addresses the hypothesis that altered bone mineral metabolism in ESRF patients together with the mechanical stress of PD influences mesothelial cells to differentiate into osteoblasts promoting calcification in peritoneal tissue. Peritoneal calcification leads to increased tissue stiffness causing progressive fibrosis and the development of EPS. We compared the temporal evolution of the levels of bone mineral markers during PD between patients who developed EPS and control patients on PD. We found that raised serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase during PD increased the risk of development of EPS. We compared peritoneum from patients with EPS with that of PD patients without EPS using histological techniques. We found that calcification, organised fibrillary collagen and elastic fibres were significantly more abundant in the EPS peritoneum. Peritoneal calcification was also generalised and distributed not only on the peritoneal surface but also in the sub-mesothelial zone of fibrosis. EPS peritoneum also exhibited osteocalcin, an osteogenic protein, suggesting a cellular mechanism of calcification. Atomic force microscopy of EPS peritoneum showed increased stiffness when compared to control PD peritoneum with the areas of calcification possibly contributing to the increase in tissue stiffness. Human omental cells (HOMCs) were isolated by protease digestion and characterised using a panel of mesothelial markers. HOMCs were cultured in phosphate rich media and phosphate and calcium rich media. HOMCs when cultured with high extracellular levels of calcium showed accelerated mineralisation with upregulation of osteogenic transcription factor runx-2 suggesting osteoblastic transformation. In summary, this thesis indicates that poorly controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism is a risk factor for the development of EPS. On a background of PD related simple sclerosis, uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism can lead to the transformation of mesothelial cells to osteoblasts. This leads to increased matrix deposition and matrix mineralisation causing increased matrix stiffness. Increase in matrix stiffness leads to progressive fibrosis culminating in EPS. Peritoneal calcification can act as the second hit leading to progressive fibrosis and development of EPS.

No description available.

This research aims to exam the influence of the European Union through ENP and EP on democratization process in Azerbaijan, as it questions the success of the conditionality and normative pressure used by EU as a tool of inducing change in undemocratic states that are not members of the EU. Achieving this aim was supported by looking at state of human rights in Azerbaijan that centered on political prisoners, freedom of press and media, and civil societies and the degree of political participation by the citizens. This thesis used content analysis that looked at important and pertinent reports from the EU that included Action Plan, European Neighborhood Policy, Azerbaijan Country Report, Eastern Partnership Summit report and Freedom House Nations reports. The analysis of contents from these reports revealed that EU through its conditionality has achieved little influence in promoting democracy in Azerbaijani. The reason being that the EU members have competing interests when it comes to Azerbaijan since as some members are interested in energy resources in the country hence are less critical of the happenings in Azerbaijan. The fact that Azerbaijan is not interested in joining the EU in future as well limits the use of conditionality on Azerbaijan. The thesis has concluded by stating that for the EU to have a bigger influence in democratization processes in Azerbaijan, it needs to rethink its ENP and EP and be more vocal in human rights abuses.

La gestion de classe est une fonction déterminante de l’efficacité de l’enseignement et de la qualité du climat d’apprentissage. Desbiens, Spallanzani, Roy, Turcotte, Lanoue et Tourigny (2011a) ont montré que l’établissement d’un climat favorable à l’apprentissage constitue un immense défi pour des stagiaires finissants en éducation physique et à la santé (ÉPS). Clairement, l’expérience du stage peut orienter la perception du stagiaire quant à sa capacité à remplir avec succès sa tâche d’enseignant. Selon la façon dont cette expérience est vécue, elle constituerait donc une occasion unique de développer leur sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) (Androzzi, 2011; Ballinger et Bishop, 2011). Cette recherche visait à répondre à quatre objectifs portant sur le SEP de stagiaires en enseignement de l’ÉPS. Plus spécifiquement elle cherchait à répondre à: a. mesurer l’écart de perception du SEP à gérer la classe entre deux moments, avant et après un stage; b. établir si les caractéristiques personnelles des stagiaires telles le sexe et l’âge influent de manière significative sur leur perception du SEP à gérer la classe avant et après le stage; c. établir si le degré d’expertise perçu dans les activités à enseigner durant le stage est modifié par l’expérience du stage en enseignement; d. établir si le degré d’expertise perçu dans les activités à enseigner durant le stage est relié au SEP à gérer la classe. Cette étude consiste en une analyse secondaire des données obtenues dans le cadre de l’étude réalisée par Desbiens et Spallanzani (2005). Elle a été menée auprès de 82 stagiaires de deux cohortes A (2003) et B (2004) d’un programme de formation initiale à l’enseignement de l’ÉPS au Québec (Canada) d’une durée de quatre ans. Ces stagiaires de deuxième année étaient inscrits à un cours de gestion de classe (année 2) ainsi qu’à un stage intensif de trois semaines spécifiquement centré sur la gestion de classe. Leurs perceptions quant au SEP à gérer la classe ont été mesurées à l’aide d’un questionnaire à choix forcés dans lequel les stagiaires devaient se prononcer par rapport à neuf composantes de la compétence à gérer la classe (MEQ, 2001). Les données collectées ont été traitées à l’aide de la version 13 du logiciel SPSS. Premièrement, les résultats démontrent qu’il y a six résultats significatifs pour la cohorte A dont trois ajustements positifs et trois ajustements négatifs et trois résultats significatifs pour la cohorte B qui consistent en des ajustements négatifs illustrant un ajustement à la baisse du SEP entre la fin et le début du stage. Deuxièmement, il semble que le stage n’apporte que quelques ajustements positifs du SEP au profit des stagiaires plus âgés. Troisièmement, quant aux différences de SEP entre les stagiaires des deux sexes, les résultats étaient différents entre la cohorte A (un ajustement à la hausse en faveur des stagiaires de sexe masculin) et la cohorte B (un ajustement à la hausse en faveur des stagiaires de sexe féminin). Quatrièmement, les résultats montrent que l’expérience du stage en enseignement n’apporte pas systématiquement et significativement un ajustement positif sur le degré d’expertise perçu dans les activités à enseigner. Finalement, nous constatons que la perception de maîtriser l’activité enseignée influence positivement et significativement la manière dont les stagiaires perçoivent leur SEP. Ces résultats convergent avec l’idée que le stage peut être une expérience marquante (Androzzi, 2011; Nichols, 2011), mais ils apportent des nuances à l’effet qu’il puisse être une source de développement du SEP (Bandura, 2007). De prochaines études mobilisant à la fois des approches qualitatives et quantitatives pourraient permettre de préciser à quelles conditions le stage peut contribuer au développement du SEP. L’étude des variables reliées au programme de formation et qui sont susceptibles d’influencer le développement du SEP des stagiaires sera une intéressante piste de recherche. D'autres recherches qui utilisent le construit d'efficacité personnelle pourraient également être menées auprès des enseignants associés qui reçoivent le stagiaire et qui l’accompagnent dans leur stage afin d’examiner leurs pratiques d’accompagnement et leurs effets sur le SEP. Ainsi, des études se penchant sur ces sujets pourraient s'avérer des avenues fortes intéressantes à explorer pour améliorer la formation initiale des stagiaires.