Abstract   This paper is the comment and analysis of the translation of twelve articles in a book with the title Dessine-moi un Parisien by Olivier Magny, originally written as a blog in English on internet, but after huge success also recently published in French. It is a creative, expressive and communicative text, which is fun and often ironic when it tries to describe the nature of a native Parisian. As all texts appear in a cultural context, it is part of the translator’s work to adapt the translated text into the new cultural context in which it will appear. This is especially difficult when a cultural phenomenon (expressed by proper nouns, proverbs, idioms etc.) in the source culture doesn’t even exist in the target culture or, if there is an equivalent translation, is associated with a different connotation.   The aim of this paper is to analyze whether it is possible to translate a text full of local cultural references, by using the many pragmatic and semantic strategies and tools proposed in Konsten att översätta (Ingo: 2007) while trying to keep to the original functions of the text.   Two further strategies, foreignizing and domesticating, have also been of interest as they deal with the basic questions why, when and to what degree one should accomplish all the possible changes in order to adapt the text to the new cultural context.   The analysis shows that all the tools have been of great use and that a good translation is possible. To define a suitable strategy in every single situation, the importance of the pragmatic and the semantic meaning have guided us. It further shows that the situation in which the sentence appears is the most important, even though there is another obvious translation. It has also been possible to endeavor ourselves to obtain some “French color” that is so important for the style in the original blog.   Keywords: cultural adaptations, equivalences, cultural phenomenon, foreignizing, domesticating

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In this thesis, we study the group of base-point preserving homotopy classes of homotopy self-equivalences of a four-manifold. Based on the approach of Hambleton and Kreck, an explicit description of this group is obtained when the fundamental group of the manifold is either a free group or a two-dimensional Poincare duality group. As a byproduct, a classification of such four-manifolds up to s-cobordism is obtained by using the modified surgery theory of Kreck. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

La méthode SEA (Statistical Energy Analysis) est une approche statistique de la vibroacoustique permettant de décrire les systèmes complexes en termes d'échanges d'énergies vibratoires et acoustiques. En moyennes et hautes fréquences, cette méthode se présente comme une alternative aux méthodes déterministes (coût des calculs dû au grand nombre de modes, de degrés de liberté, unicité de la solution) Néanmoins, son utilisation requiert la connaissance et le respect d'hypothèses fortes qui limitent son domaine d'application. Dans ce mémoire, les fondements de la SEA ont été examinés afin de discuter chaque hypothèse. Le champ diffus, l'équipartition de l’énergie modale, le couplage faible, l'influence des modes non résonants et l'excitation rain-on-the-roof sont les cinq hypothèses qui ont été abordées. Sur la base d'exemples simples (oscillateurs couplés, plaques couplées), les équivalences et leurs influences sur la qualité des résultats ont été étudiées pour contribuer à la clarification des hypothèses nécessaires à l'application de la SEA ct pour borner son domaine de validité SEA. / Statistical energy analysis is a statistical approach of vibroacoustics which allows to describe complex systems in terms of vibrational or acoustical energies. ln the high frequency range, this method constitutes an alternative to bypass the problems which can occur when applying deterministic methods (computation cost due to the large number of modes, the large number of degrees of freedom and the unicity of the solution). But SEA has numerous assumptions which are sometimes forgotten or misunderstood ln this thesis, foundations of SEA have been examined in order to discuss each assumption. Diffuse field, modal energy equipartition, weak coupling, the influence of non-resonant modes and the rain on the roof excitation are the five look up hypotheses. Based on simple examples (coupled oscillators, coupled plates), the possible equivalences and their influence on the quality of the results have been discussed to contribute to the clarification of the useful SEA assumptions and to mark out it's the validity domain.

The paper is devoted to the investigation of behavioral equivalences of concurrent systems modeled by Petri nets with silent transitions. Basic τ-equivalences and back-forth τ-bisimulation equivalences known from the literature are supplemented by new ones, giving rise to complete set of equivalence notions in interleaving / true concurrency and linear / branching time semantcis. Their interrelations are examined for the general class of nets as well as for their subclasses of nets without siltent transitions and sequential nets (nets without concurrent transitions). In addition, the preservation of all the equivalence notions by refinements (allowing one to consider the systems to be modeled on a lower abstraction levels) is investigated.

In Experiment 1, four subjects were trained to match two visual samples (A) and their respective nonidentical visual comparisons (B); i.e., A-B matching. During nonreinforced test trials, all subjects demonstrated stimulus equivalences within the context of sample-comparison reversibility (B-A matching): When B stimuli were used as samples, appropriate responding to A comparisons occurred. A-B and B-A matching persisted given novel stimuli as alternate comparisons. However, the novel comparisons were consistently selected in the presence of nonmatching stimuli: i.e., during trials comprised of a novel comparison, an A or B sample from one stimulus class, and an "incorrect" comparison from the other, B or A stimuli respectively. In Experiment 2, three groups of subjects were trained under three different mediated transfer paradigms (e.g., A-B, C-B matching). Tests for reversibility (e.g., B0A, B0C matching) and mediated transfer (e.g., A-C, C-A matching)evinced stimulus equivalences for 11 of 12 subjects. The 11 subjects also matched the mediated equivalences given novel comparisons; whereas, they selected the novel comparisons when combined with nonmatching stimuli. Overall, the demonstrated stimulus equivalences favor a concept learning interpretation of non-identity matching-to-sample. Additionally, the trained and mediated matching relations were comprised of complementary sets of S+ and S- rules: Any stimulus of a given class used as a sample designated both the "correct" and "incorrect" comparisons.

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This paper will examine analogues of Cantor sets, called fractal squares, and some of the geometric ways in which fractal squares raise issues not raised by Cantor sets. Also discussed will be a technique using directed graphs to prove bilipschitz equivalence of two fractal squares. / Ph. D.

A structured program has been developed to track the equilibrium path of geometrically nonlinear space structures by the modified Riks/Wempner method. The sparse normal flow code in 'HOMP ACK' is used for tracking the equilibrium paths by the homotopy method. Two subroutines were written as required by HOMPACK. Four different structures were analyzed by these two programs. Comparison of the two methods has been carried out based on the number of Jacobian matrix evaluations and the CPU time used by the programs. The Riks/Wempner program successfully traced the equilibrium path through the limit points and bifurcation points for all the four structures analyzed while the homotopy program could not trace the complete path for two of the structures. It has been concluded that the sparse normal flow code of HOMPACK needs to be modified. / Master of Science

The problem of finding a reduced order model, optimal in the H² sense, to a given system model is a fundamental one in control system analysis and design. The addition of a H^∞ constraint to the H² optimal model reduction problem results in a more practical yet computationally more difficult problem. Without the global convergence of homotopy methods, both the H² optimal and the combined H²/H^∞ model reduction problems are very difficult. For both problems homotopy algorithms based on several formulations input normal form; Ly, Bryson, and Cannon's 2 X 2 block parametrization; a new nonminimal parametrization are developed and compared here. For the H² optimal model order reduction problem, these numerical algorithms are also compared with that based on Hyland and Bernstein's optimal projection equations. Both the input normal form and Ly form are very efficient compared to the over parametrization formulation and the optimal projection equations approach, since they utilize the minimal number of possible degrees of freedom. However, they can fail to exist or be very ill conditioned. The conditions under which the input normal form and the Ly form become ill conditioned are examined. The over-parametrization formulation solves the ill conditioning issue, and usually is more efficient than the approach based on solving the optimal projection equations for the H² optimal model reduction problem. However, the over-parametrization formulation introduces a very high order singularity at the solution, and it is doubtful whether this singularity can be overcome by using interpolation or other existing methods. / Master of Science