Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo / La industria de productos frescos cortados ha experimentado un crecimiento debido al cambio de hábito alimenticio de los consumidores. Esto ha llevado a buscar nuevas estrategias dentro del procesamiento de los alimentos, lo que ha llevado a investigar alternativas al uso del hipoclorito de sodio, debido a que genera residuos tóxicos, por lo que se busca alternativas más amigables con el ser humano y con el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres sanitizantes alternativos al hipoclorito de sodio frente a los atributos organolépticos, calidad funcional y carga microbiana en rúcula almacenadas a 5º C. Se realizaron dos ensayos en los cuales se emplearon los siguientes tratamientos sanitizantes con sus respectivas dosis: dióxido de cloro (5 mg/L), clorito de sodio acidificado (500 mg/L) y ácido peroxiacético (50 mg/L). Posterior al lavado de las hojas de rucúla con los sanitizantes, las hojas fueron envasadas en atmósfera modificada pasiva, y se almacenaron a 5 ºC durante 12 días. Se midieron parámetros de respiración, color, concentración de gases en las bolsas, análisis microbiológico y análisis sensorial. El hipoclorito de sodio (100 mg/L) sigue siendo un sanitizante efectivo en disminuir las poblaciones microbianas, manteniendo una buena calidad sensorial. Por su parte el clorito de sodio acidificado (500 mg/L) resultó ser una opción eficaz en la reducción y control de aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y psicrófilos, sin embargo afectó de forma negativa la calidad sensorial. El dióxido de cloro (5 mg/L) no fue efectivo en la reducción de la carga microbiana ni en la mantención de la calidad sensorial de hojas de rucúla. El ácido peroxiacético (50 mg/L) no resultó ser eficiente en la reducción de los microorganismos, no obstante es aquel que preservó de mejor forma la calidad sensorial de las hojas de rucúlas. La evolución del color verde en las hojas de rucúla tendió a disminuir en el tiempo en todos los tratamientos observándose un incremento del color amarillo en todos los tratamientos realizados. El uso de atmósfera modificada pasiva (AMP) fue efectivo para reducir la carga microbiológica y mantener la calidad sensorial en hojas de rucúla. / Fresh cut products industry has grown due to the change in the habits of consumer. This has led them to look for new strategies in the process of food, and to investigate alternatives in the use of sodium hypochlorite, because it produces a toxic substance, that is why they seek more friendly alternatives to human beings and the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three alternative sanitizers to sodium hipochlorite on sensory quality, functional quality, and microbial load in rocket leaves stored to 5ºC. Two trials were done in which they use the following sanitizers treatments with their respective doses: Chlorine dioxide (5mg/L), acidified sodium chlorite (500 mg/L) and peroxyacetic acid (50 mg/L). After washing the rocket leaves were packed in a passive modified atmosphere and stored at 5ºC during 12 days. Respiratory rate, gas concentration inside the bags, color and sensory change and microbial load were evaluated. Sodium hypochlorite (100mg/L) is still an effective sanitizers in reducing the microbial population, keeping a good sensory quality. Acidified sodium chlorite (500 mg/L) proved to be an effective option in to reduce aerobic mesophiles, enterobacterias and psychrophiles, however decreases the sensory quality. Chlorine dioxide (5mg/L) did not affect the microbial growth and sensory attributes of the rocket leaves. Peroxyacetic acid (50 mg/L) did not prove effective in reducing microorganisms; nevertheless, is one that best preserved the sensory quality of the rocket leaves. The green color reduced in all treatments and observed an increase in the yellowing color in all treatments. The use of the passive modified atmosphere (MAP) was effective to reduced the microbial growth and keep sensory quality of rocket leaves stored.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Kiyoharu Hirata.pdf: 924963 bytes, checksum: 902ffb9a22bf446a1e62f646a3763a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Despite producing best in mild temperatures, the rocket has been cultivated throughout the year in various regions. In tropical areas, the use of photoconversor screens of different shading levels modify the intensity of solar radiation and the spectrum of light on the crops , also changing the temperature of the environment . The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the rocket under photoconversor screens during the winter and summer in tropical climate region in São Paulo state. The impact of this technology on productivity and anatomy was evaluated. The field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with four replications. The rocket was grown in beds covered on the top and sides with the screens red, blue, black and thermo-reflective. Additionally the treatment in full sun was evaluated. The response curve to light, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, palisade and spongy, stomatal density and venation were evaluated. The evaluation of fresh and dry biomass and productivity was performed when the rocket reached 450 degree day. The results showed that photoconversor screens distinctly modify the environment during the winter and summer, but do not cause significant changes in the photosynthetic process of plants in different screens colors and seasons studied, as well as the density of epidermal cells. In all treatments the spongy parenchyma was higher than palisade parenchyma in the summer, the reverse occurred in winter. Changes in the intensity and spectrum of light as well as the temperature provided superior performance of red screens, with higher values of height and leaf area in the winter and of the thermo-reflective screens in the summer. / Apesar de produzir melhor em temperaturas amenas, a rúcula tem sido semeada ao longo do ano em várias regiões. Em áreas tropicais, o uso de telas coloridas de diferentes níveis de sombreamento modificam a intensidade da radiação solar e o espectro de luz que incide nas culturas, o que altera também a temperatura do ambiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas da rúcula cultivada sob telas fotoconversoras no inverno e verão em região de clima tropical no Estado de São Paulo e o impacto dessa tecnologia sobre a produtividade e a anatomia da planta. O experimento foi conduzido a campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A rúcula foi cultivada em canteiros cobertos na parte superior e laterais pelas telas vermelha, azul, preta e Aluminet® e adicionalmente foi avaliada a testemunha a pleno sol. Foram realizadas avaliações quanto à curva de resposta à luz, fluorescência da clorofila a , teor de clorofila, epiderme adaxial e abaxial, parênquima paliçádico e esponjoso, densidade estomática e de venação. A avaliação de biomassa fresca e seca e determinação de produtividade foi realizada quando a cultura atingiu 450 graus dia. Os resultados evidenciam que as telas fotoconversoras modificam o ambiente distintamente no inverno e no verão, porém não provocam alteração significativa no processo fotossintético das plantas nas diferentes cores de tela e épocas estudadas, assim como na densidade das células epidérmicas. Em todos os tratamentos a espessura do parênquima esponjoso foi superior ao paliçádico no verão, ocorrendo o inverso no inverno. As modificações na intensidade e espectro de luz e da temperatura proporcionaram desempenho superior da tela vermelha, com maiores valores de altura e área foliar no inverno e das telas Aluminet® no verão.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Kiyoharu Hirata.pdf: 924963 bytes, checksum: 902ffb9a22bf446a1e62f646a3763a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Despite producing best in mild temperatures, the rocket has been cultivated throughout the year in various regions. In tropical areas, the use of photoconversor screens of different shading levels modify the intensity of solar radiation and the spectrum of light on the crops , also changing the temperature of the environment . The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the rocket under photoconversor screens during the winter and summer in tropical climate region in São Paulo state. The impact of this technology on productivity and anatomy was evaluated. The field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with four replications. The rocket was grown in beds covered on the top and sides with the screens red, blue, black and thermo-reflective. Additionally the treatment in full sun was evaluated. The response curve to light, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, palisade and spongy, stomatal density and venation were evaluated. The evaluation of fresh and dry biomass and productivity was performed when the rocket reached 450 degree day. The results showed that photoconversor screens distinctly modify the environment during the winter and summer, but do not cause significant changes in the photosynthetic process of plants in different screens colors and seasons studied, as well as the density of epidermal cells. In all treatments the spongy parenchyma was higher than palisade parenchyma in the summer, the reverse occurred in winter. Changes in the intensity and spectrum of light as well as the temperature provided superior performance of red screens, with higher values of height and leaf area in the winter and of the thermo-reflective screens in the summer. / Apesar de produzir melhor em temperaturas amenas, a rúcula tem sido semeada ao longo do ano em várias regiões. Em áreas tropicais, o uso de telas coloridas de diferentes níveis de sombreamento modificam a intensidade da radiação solar e o espectro de luz que incide nas culturas, o que altera também a temperatura do ambiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas da rúcula cultivada sob telas fotoconversoras no inverno e verão em região de clima tropical no Estado de São Paulo e o impacto dessa tecnologia sobre a produtividade e a anatomia da planta. O experimento foi conduzido a campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A rúcula foi cultivada em canteiros cobertos na parte superior e laterais pelas telas vermelha, azul, preta e Aluminet® e adicionalmente foi avaliada a testemunha a pleno sol. Foram realizadas avaliações quanto à curva de resposta à luz, fluorescência da clorofila a , teor de clorofila, epiderme adaxial e abaxial, parênquima paliçádico e esponjoso, densidade estomática e de venação. A avaliação de biomassa fresca e seca e determinação de produtividade foi realizada quando a cultura atingiu 450 graus dia. Os resultados evidenciam que as telas fotoconversoras modificam o ambiente distintamente no inverno e no verão, porém não provocam alteração significativa no processo fotossintético das plantas nas diferentes cores de tela e épocas estudadas, assim como na densidade das células epidérmicas. Em todos os tratamentos a espessura do parênquima esponjoso foi superior ao paliçádico no verão, ocorrendo o inverso no inverno. As modificações na intensidade e espectro de luz e da temperatura proporcionaram desempenho superior da tela vermelha, com maiores valores de altura e área foliar no inverno e das telas Aluminet® no verão.

Plant responses to abiotic stress are neither singular nor linear. The research represented within this dissertation was intended to evaluate selected biochemical and physiological responses in two Arugulas (Images 1-5), to agronomic interventions designed to mitigate extreme environmental abiotic factors, characteristic of arid agricultural production regions. Plant stress responses were investigated under field conditions and within controlled environments (CE), during the course of a preliminary trial and three independent studies, all four directly related. The preliminary trial evaluated harvest and postharvest nutritional content (i.e., antioxidants) of two Arugulas, Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC cv. Sylvetta; grown under field conditions in the semi-arid upper Sonoran Desert. In this trial, we defined baseline harvest and postharvest antioxidant values for the Arugulas, cultivated in a semi-arid environment. The initial study, conducted within a CE utilizing a water recycling system, evaluated changes in the nutritional value of three specialty leafy cruciferous vegetables: D. tenuifolia, E. sativa and Lepidium sativum; when subjected to increasing salinity levels in the nutrient solution. It was concluded that, when specific Crucifers are irrigated with moderately high levels of salinity, neither harvest nor postharvest nutritional values are compromised. The second study, investigated the response of a suite of plant physiological parameters (e.g., yield and photosynthetic rate) in the three Crucifers to salinity, within the CE. This research provided guideline salinity values where yields did not decline, and encourages growers to consider water resources compromised by salinity and nutrient solution recycling. During the third study, the influence of environmental conditions on the nutritional content in leafy vegetables, prevalent immediately before harvest, was investigated; by subjecting plants to reduced sunlight treatments and early irrigation termination. We observed that, modulating light intensity late in the season, and early irrigation termination strategies, modify the nutritional content of leafy vegetables; and potentially the subsequent postharvest shelf life. Collectively evaluated, this research suggests that simple agronomic interventions are valuable, yet practicable, tools that can enhance the nutritional content of specialty vegetables, in arid regions: be that intervention an imposed controlled-stress, utilizing nutrient recycling systems within a CE, or basic light-reduction and irrigation termination strategies within conventional fields systems.

Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción Agroindustrial / En los últimos años se ha incrementado la demanda de productos mínimamente procesadas en fresco, existiendo una real necesidad de encontrar alternativas de conservación que eviten el uso de antimicrobianos sintéticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de envases activos con distintas concentraciones de antimicrobianos naturales (citral y carvacrol) y posteriormente, combinar la luz UV-C (10 kJm-2) utilizada como pretratamiento, con los envases activos seleccionados, sobre rúcula “baby” (Eruca sativa). La concentración atmosférica al interior de las bolsas (CO2 y O2) no se vio afectada por las dosis de citral (Ci: 100, 150 y 350 μL) ni de carvacrol (Ca: 75, 100 y 150 μL) evaluadas. El efecto antimicrobiano del citral fue positivo sólo en los 3 primeros días de conservación; mientras que la mayor inhibición microbiológica se logró con el tratamiento 75 Ca. El color de la rúcula en los envases activos no presentó variación entre tratamientos con el tiempo; sin embargo, el testigo BP tendió a mostrar hojas más claras. El contenido fenólico y la capacidad antioxidante no fue afectado por el citral; mientras que los tratamientos 75 y 100 Ca presentaron un mayor contenido fenólico y capacidad antioxidante respecto del control. El último ensayo combinó UV-C con los envases activos con las dosis seleccionadas de antimicrobianos (150 Ci; 75 Ca; mezcla 150 Ci + 75 Ca). La concentración de O2 disminuyó rápidamente y visualmente las hojas no fueron afectadas. La aplicación de UV-C con la mezcla de antimicrobianos resultó ser más efectiva para reducir microorganismos aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y psicrótrofos. El contenido de fenoles y la vitamina C no se vieron afectados por los tratamientos, a diferencia de la capacidad antioxidante que disminuyó. Los envases activos con antimicrobianos naturales y el UV-C, podrían aportar como una técnica de métodos combinados innovadora para retrasar el crecimiento microbiano, manteniendo el color verde en ensaladas de rúcula “baby” / In recent years, the demand for minimally processed fresh products has increased and there is a real need to find preservation alternatives that avoid the use of synthetic antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active packaging with different concentrations of natural antimicrobials (citral and carvacrol) and then to combine the UV-C light (10 kJ m-2) used as pre-treatment, with the selected active packages on baby arugula (Eruca sativa). The atmospheric concentration inside the bags (CO2 and O2) was not affected by the evaluated doses of citral (Ci: 100, 150 and 350 μL) or carvacrol (Ca: 75, 100 and 150 μL). The antimicrobial effect of citral was positive only in the first 3 days of storage, while most microbiological inhibition was achieved with 75 Ca treatment. The color of arugula in active packaging showed no variation between treatments over time, but the control (BP) tended to show clear leaves. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity were not affected by citral, while the 75 and 100 Ca treatments had a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to the control. The last test combined UV-C with active packaging with selected antimicrobial doses (150 Ci; 75 Ca; mix 75 150 Ci + Ca). The O2 concentration decreased rapidly and visually the leaves were not affected. The application of UV-C with the mixture of antimicrobials was more effective in reducing aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms and enterobacteria. The content of phenols and vitamin C were not affected by the treatments, unlike antioxidant activity which decreased. Active packaging with natural antimicrobials and UV-C could contribute as an innovative technique of combined methods to retard microbial growth, maintaining the green color of baby arugula salads.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo / Las hojas de rúcula (Eruca vesicaria Thellung) están siendo consumidas en mayor cantidad, gracias a los cambios en los hábitos de las personas y a su sabor considerado nuevo. Los productos mínimamente procesados en fresco, también han aumentado porque están listos para su consumo. Debido a que el hipoclorito de sodio utilizado en lavado genera residuos tóxicos, actualmente se buscan alternativas que no sean perjudiciales ni para la salud, ni para el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres sanitizantes alternativos sobre la calidad sensorial, microbiana y funcional de hojas de rúcula almacenada 12 días a 5 ºC, para lo que se realizaron dos ensayos. En el primer ensayo, las hojas de rúcula se trataron con peróxido de hidrógeno (25 y 50 mg L-1 ), ácido láctico (8,5 y 17 mg L-1 ) y ácido cítrico (5000 y 10000 mg L-1 ). En el segundo ensayo, las hojas de rúcula se trataron con peróxido de hidrógeno (25 mg L-1 ), ácido cítrico (5000 mg L-1 ) y una combinación de ambos y se conservaron 12 días a 5 ºC. Posterior al lavado, las hojas se envasaron en atmósfera modificada (EAM) pasiva y se almacenaron 12 días a 5 ºC. Durante el almacenamiento se evaluó la tasa respiratoria, producción de etileno, concentración de gases en los envases, color, la calidad microbiológica y sensorial de las hojas de rúcula, concentración de azúcares, contenido de fenoles totales y vitamina C. Como resultado el hipoclorito de sodio (100 m L-1 ) sigue siendo eficaz en reducir la carga microbiana inicial en 1 a 3 log UFC g-1 . Los tratamientos con H2O2 tuvieron una acción similar al NaClO, pero mantuvieron recuentos más bajos. El H2O2 en mezcla con el ácido cítrico mostró ser una buena alternativa al cloro logrando reducir en 1 a 2 log UFC g-1 los recuentos bacterianos sin afectar la calidad sensorial de las hojas de rúcula. Los diferentes agentes sanitizantes no disminuyeron la calidad funcional de las hojas. / Rocket leaves (Eruca vesicaria Thellung) are consumed in larger quantities, due to changes of habits of people and taste considered new. The minimally processed fresh products have also increased because they are ready to eat. Because sodium hypochlorite used in washing generates toxic waste, currently looking for alternatives that are not harmful to health or the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three alternative sanitizers on the sensory, functional and microbial quality of rocket leaves for 12 days at 5 °C, for this two trials were conducted. In the first trial, the rocket leaves were treated with hydrogen peroxide (25 and 50 mg L-1 ), lactic acid (8.5 and 17 mg L-1 ) and citric acid (5000 and 10000 mg L-1 ) . In the second trial, rocket leaves were treated with hydrogen peroxide (25 mg L-1 ), citric acid (5000 mg L-1 ) and a combination of both and stored 12 days at 5 °C. After washing, rocket leaves were packed in passive modified atmosphere (MAP) and stored 12 days at 5 ° C. During storage was assessed respiratory rate, ethylene production, concentration of gases in packaging, color, microbiological and sensory quality of rocket leaves, sugar concentration, total phenolic content and vitamin C. As a result, sodium hypochlorite (100 m L-1 ) was effective reducing microbial load in 1 to 3 log CFU g-1 . H2O2 treatments had similar action to NaClO, but remained lower counts. The H2O2 in combination with citric acid was shown to be a good alternative to chlorine reducing bacterial counts in 1 to 2 log CFU g-1 without affecting the sensory quality of rocket leaves. Different sanitizing agents not decrease the functional quality of the leaves.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_phs_me_jabo.pdf: 1324447 bytes, checksum: 0a31631931bf7d8856203d7c9fcd70a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O nitrogênio é um elemento requerido em maior quantidade pela maioria das culturas e o segundo mais acumulado pela rúcula. Neste contexto, o trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio no crescimento e na produtividade da rúcula. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1 de N). A rúcula caracteriza-se por apresentar crescimento inicial lento, tendo maior exigência nutricional no final do ciclo, com isso, as melhores respostas foram obtidas aos 35 dias após a emergência. O teor máximo de nitrato estimado foi de 2,1 g kg-1 de massa seca obtido com aplicação da dose de 250 kg ha-1 de N, que corresponde a 146 mg kg-1 de massa fresca e está muito abaixo do limite máximo tolerável. As doses crescentes de nitrogênio pronunciaram-se positivamente sobre a altura de plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea. A máxima produtividade de rúcula (4,53 kg m-2) foi obtida com 223 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. O teor de nitrato na dose que maximiza a produtividade não é uma característica que prejudica a qualidade da rúcula. / Nitrogen is an element required in greater quantity by most of the crops and the second most accumulated nutrient by rocket. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen rates on rocket growth and productivity. A randomized complete block design with four replications. Six treatments were evaluated (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 of N). Rocket is characterized as a vegetable which presents slow initial growth, having a higher nutritional requirement at the end of its cycle. Therefore, the best plant responses in this study were obtained at 35 days after the emergence of seedlings. The maximum estimated nitrate content was 2.1 g kg-1 of plant dry mass obtained with the application of 250 kg ha-1 of N, which corresponds to 146 mg kg-1 of plant fresh mass. This is considered below the maximum tolerable limit. The increasing nitrogen doses in this study were positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh and dry mass of the crop canopy. Rocket maximum yield production in this study (4.53 kg m-2) was obtained with 223 kg ha-1 of N. The nitrate content in the dose which maximizes the productivity is not a characteristic that negatively affects rocket quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_cz_dr_ilha.pdf: 323035 bytes, checksum: c95291c056cc063a488bab38c333ce81 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A qualidade da semente utilizada no processo de produção agrícola é um dos principais fatores a ser considerado para a implantação da cultura, havendo consenso entre todos os segmentos, sobre a importância do vigor das sementes e da necessidade de avaliá-lo. O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência de diferentes métodos na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de rúcula, buscando indicar opções para utilização em programas de controle de qualidade adotados por instituições produtoras de sementes dessa espécie. Para tanto, o estudo foi conduzido utilizando cinco lotes de sementes das cultivares Rúcula Cultivada e Rúcula Gigante. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação e estudos específicos para os testes de deterioração controlada (graus de umidade de 18%, 21% e 24%, a 45ºC, durante 24 e 48 horas), de envelhecimento acelerado, com e sem solução salina (períodos de 48, 72 e 96 horas, a 38ºC, 41ºC e 45ºC), de condutividade elétrica (temperaturas de 20ºC, 25ºC e 30ºC, volumes de 25mL, 50mL e 75mL de água, 25 e 50 sementes, e períodos de 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 e 24 horas) e de lixiviação de potássio (temperaturas de 25ºC e 30ºC, volumes de 50mL e 75mL de água, 50 e 100 sementes, e períodos de 30 minutos, 1 h, 1,5 h, 2 h, 2,5 h, 3, 4 e 5 h). Concluiu-se que o teste de deterioração controlada e o teste de envelhecimento acelerado (procedimento tradicional) não são eficientes para avaliação do vigor das sementes de rúcula. O teste de condutividade elétrica utilizando 50 sementes/50mL, a 25ºC por 4 horas; de lixiviação de potássio utilizando 50 sementes/50mL, a 30ºC por 2 horas; e de envelhecimento acelerado (com solução salina) utilizando a combinação 41ºC por 72 horas, apresentaram sensibilidade suficiente para avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes de rúcula. / The quality of the seed used in the process of agricultural production is one of the main factors to be considered for the implantation of the culture, having consensus between all the segments, on the importance of the vigor of the seeds and the necessity to evaluate it. The work had as objective to study the efficiency of different methods in the evaluation of the physiological potential of seeds of arugula, searching to indicate options for use in programs of quality control adopted by producing institutions of seeds of this specie. Five seed lots each from the Rucula Cultivada e Rucula Gigante were used. The following tests were performed: germination, germination first count and seedling emergence. Specific studies were also conducted to the following tests: controlled deterioration (seed moisture content of 18%, 21% and 24%, at 45oC, for 24 and 48 hours), traditional accelerated aging, saturated salt accelerated aging (for 48, 72 and 96 hours, at 38oC, 41oC and 45oC), electrical conductivity (25 or 50 seeds imbibed in 25 mL, 50 mL or 75 mL in water, at 20oC, 25oC and 30oC, for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours) and potassium leachate (50 or 100 seeds imbibed in 50 mL or 75 mL in water, at 25oC and 30oC, for 30 minutes, 1 h, 1,5 h, 2 h, 2,5 h, 3, 4 e 5 h). It was concluded that controlled deterioration and accelerated aging (tradicional procedure) tests, does not constitute an efficient option for the vigor evaluation of arugula seeds. The electrical conductivity using 50 seeds/50mL, at 25oC for 4 hours; the potassium lixiviation using 50 seeds/50mL, at 30oC for 2 hours; and the saturated salt accelerated aging using 41oC for 72 hours, showed to be sufficiently sensitive for the evaluation of the physiological potential of arugula seeds.

Submitted by MARCOS ROBERTO RIBEIRO JUNIOR (marcosrrjr@gmail.com) on 2018-05-08T22:29:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MRRJ.pdf: 1724799 bytes, checksum: 037c8e4ad5333c640f804b844d4e1c8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-05-09T11:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro junior_mr_me_botfca.pdf: 1584829 bytes, checksum: 17f199c24c786ad5706005cd000ce73f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro junior_mr_me_botfca.pdf: 1584829 bytes, checksum: 17f199c24c786ad5706005cd000ce73f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A partir do ano de 2016, anormalidades foram observadas em campos de produção de rúcula (Eruca sativa) no interior do estado de São Paulo, região de Botucatu. As plantas acometidas apresentavam mosaico, redução drástica no crescimento e deformação foliar, sintomas típicos da infeção por vírus. Associadas as essas plantas, também foram observadas altas populações de pulgões/afídeos e de plantas daninhas, como nabiça (Raphanus raphanistrum) e nabo forrageiro (Brassica rapa) apresentando sintomas de mosaico. Inicialmente, as plantas foram submetidas ao teste de ELISA indireto usando um antissoro para potyvirus, em seguida foi realizada a extração de RNA total e RT-PCR, utilizando as amostras ELISA-positivas. A sequência correspondente à região codificadora para a proteína capsidial foi obtida e o vírus foi identificado como Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Posteriormente outros campos de produção de folhosas foram visitados no Estado de São Paulo (região de Bragança Paulista e Mogi-Mirim) e o TuMV foi novamente identificado em rúcula, porém também em alface (Lactuca sativa) e acelga (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Analises biológicas e moleculares agruparam ambos os isolados de TuMV no grupo Brassica-Raphanus (BR), que inclui isolados infectando espécies de Brassica e Raphanus. É apresentado aqui o primeiro relato de TuMV naturalmente infectando rúcula, alface e acelga no Brasil. De acordo com a análise filogenética, pelo menos duas introduções diferentes de isolados de TuMV ocorreram no Brasil, correspondendo aos tipos basal-BR e world-B, infectando Brassica/Raphanus e Brassica, respectivamente. / Abnormalities have been observed in rocket (Eruca sativa) fields in Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, Brazil since 2016. Symptoms of mosaic, reduction in foliar growth and deformation, typical symptoms of virus infection were observed in rocket plants. Associated to these plants we also found high populations of aphids, as well as raphanus weeds (Raphanus raphanistrum) and forage turnip (Brassica rapa) with mosaic symptoms. Initially, the plants were submitted to indirect ELISA using a potyvirus antiserum, and then total RNA extraction and RT-PCR were performed using the ELISA-positive samples. The complete coat protein sequence was obtained and the virus was identified as Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Later, other fields were visited in Sao Paulo state (cities of Bragança Paulista and Mogi-Mirim) and TuMV was again identified not only in rocket, but also in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Biological and molecular analysis grouped both TuMV isolates in the Brassica-Raphanus (BR) clade, which includes isolates infecting Brassica and Raphanus species. Here is the first report of rocket, lettuce and chard naturally infected with TuMV in Brazil. According to the phylogenetic analysis, at least two different introductions of TuMV isolates occurred in Brazil, corresponding to the basal-BR and world-B types, infecting Brassica/Raphanus and Brassica, respectively.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-02T18:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KIRK 10-05-18.pdf: 636757 bytes, checksum: 9cf460278b45df500cffd08a3fe69ac5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-02T18:53:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KIRK 10-05-18.pdf: 636757 bytes, checksum: 9cf460278b45df500cffd08a3fe69ac5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T18:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KIRK 10-05-18.pdf: 636757 bytes, checksum: 9cf460278b45df500cffd08a3fe69ac5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-11 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fermented compounds appear as an alternative to the use of high solubility fertilizers. These originate in Japan as bokashi and can be elaborated using different sources of animal, vegetable and mineral origin. The materials undergo a fermentation process by the action of microorganisms collected in the soils and litter of forests and/or in baking fermentations. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the productivity of arugula (Eruca sativa L.) applying different doses of fermented compound bokashi type. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of UFAM, located at BR 174, km 38, Manaus - Presidente Figueiredo - Amazonas, during the months of November to December 2017. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of fermented compound - 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 g/m², consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t/ha² of fermented compound - the elaboration of the compound (fermentative process) occurred over a period of ten days, with two bursts in the first three days and in the next seven days only one bump, a 300g sample was taken for analysis. The compound was incorporated three days prior to the implantation of the experiment at layer 0 at 5 cm depth. The cultivar used was the broad leaf arugula. The means of the treatments were compared by the F test at 5% probability level of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. The evaluated variables: height, dry and fresh mass of the root and the plant. The dose 3 t/ha² presented better agronomic performance for all analyzed variables, except for height. Demonstrating that the fermented compound - bokashi - is a viable alternative to the production of arugula vegetables for the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region of BR 174, Manaus - AM. / Os compostos fermentados surgem como alternativa ao uso de adubos de alta solubilidade. Estes tem origem no Japão como bokashi, podendo ser elaborado utilizando diferentes fontes de origem animal, vegetal e minerais. Os materiais passam por processo fermentativo pela ação de microrganismos coletados nos solos e serrapilheira das matas (EM) e/ou nos fermentos de panificação. O objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar a produtividade de rúcula (Eruca sativa L.) aplicando diferentes doses do composto fermentado tipo bokashi. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental da UFAM/FAEXP, localizada na BR 174, km 38, Manaus – Presidente Figueiredo - Amazonas, durante os meses de novembro a dezembro de 2017. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de composto fermentado – 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 g/m2, consistindo em 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t/ha2 de composto fermentado – a elaboração do composto ( processo fermentativo) ocorreu ao longo de dez dias, com duas reviragem nos três primeiro dias e nos sete seguintes realizando apenas uma reviragem, foi retirada uma amostra de 300g para analise. O composto foi incorporado três dias antes da implantação do experimento na camada 0 a 5 cm de profundidade. A cultivar utilizada foi a rúcula folha larga. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste F ao nível de 5% de probabilidade da análise de variância (ANOVA) e analise de regressão. As variáveis avaliadas: altura, massa seca e fresca da raiz e da planta. A dose 3 t/ha2 apresentou melhor desempenho agronômico para todas variáveis analisadas, exceto para variável altura. Demonstrando que o composto fermentado – bokashi – é uma alternativa viável a produção da hortaliça rúcula para as condições edafoclimáticas da região da BR 174, Manaus – AM.