Magíster en Análisis Sistémico Aplicado a la Sociedad / El sistema educativo formal ha sido asignado en la sociedad contemporánea con expectativas de superación de la desigualdad, integración social, promoción de un consenso valórico, entre otras. No es de extrañar entonces que parte importante de discursos políticos, medidas administrativas y formulaciones de movimientos de protesta busquen mejorar la educación. Estos cambios planifica/dos toman el nombre de reformas educativas. En estos procedimientos no son los actores menos importantes especialistas, organizaciones gremiales, movimientos sociales y actores administrativamente implicados en la enseñanza. A pesar de su relevancia no se ha conseguido definir conceptualmente el estatus de estos actores y organizacionales que asumen la función de intereses pedagógicos. Por una parte, la literatura preponderante sobre la reforma educacional asume una orientación evaluativa acerca de la consecución de sus objetivos; por otra, se diferencia analíticamente según el actor interesado en propiciar la reforma educacional –gremios, especialistas y movimientos. Entenderemos estos agentes interesados en la reforma como establishment pedagógico. Durante los últimos años en nuestro país se han planteado severas críticas al estado actual del sistema educativo. Las movilizaciones estudiantiles de los años 2006 y 2011, concentradas en destacar la presencia de una educación de mercado, han tematizado la posibilidades de transformaciones en elementos fundamentales del actual modelo. En el contexto de las movilizaciones estudiantiles del año 2011 se planteó con fuerza el tema de los efectos de la persecución de actividades de lucro en la educación tanto escolar como superior. Esta demanda fue operacionalizada en el proyecto de ley que prohíbe la entrega de aportes estatales a entidades educacionales que persigan fines de lucro. El citado proyecto se constituyó en la Comisión de Educación del Senado como uno de los proyectos con la mayor cantidad de organizaciones interesadas en participar en su definición. La investigación busca identificar bajo qué presupuestos y diferencias estas organizaciones educativas participan en la promoción de la reforma. Ello se realiza mediante un examen de sus intervenciones en la Comisión de Educación sobre el tema del lucro en la educación. Se espera así caracterizar la reflexión y función del establishment pedagógico chileno

Concerns over water quality have led to required removal of 50 % of dairy manure phosphorus (P) from the impaired Bosque River Watershed. Application of composted dairy manure (CDM) to sod and moving P off the watershed with sod has prompted a study using box lysimeters to determine NO3--N and P leaching from transplanted sod grown with CDM and inorganic fertilizer as well as sprigs top-dressed with CDM. Treatments were applied to lysimeters filled with a silica sand medium. Three leaching events were imposed, leaching 0.07 to 0.09 % of the total P applied and 0.09 to 1.43 % of total N applied. Concentrations of P in leachate averaged 0.04 to 0.25 mg L-1. Top-dressed CDM on sprigs leached statistically greater amounts of NO3--N than both transplanted sod treatments and greater P than the fertilizer grown sod. After the third leaching event, all treatments received an additional application of P, 100 kg ha-1 as CDM for manure-grown sod and sprigs, 50 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate for fertilizer-grown sod. An additional three leachings were imposed. Top-dressed sprigs and transplanted sod leached similar amounts of P following the additional P application. Applied nutrients appeared to stay mainly in the sod layer and in the sand medium just below the sod layer. Top-dressed CDM appears to exhibit greater leaching losses of NO3--N than transplanted manure-grown sod and greater N and P losses than transplanted fertilizer grown sod.

The purpose of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding in the internationalization process that Swedish banks go through. This will be achieved by evaluating Nordea and SEB and their internationalization to Poland and Germany. The concept of internationalization is constantly being explored, leading to different forms of results and theories within this area of research. Nordea is one of the largest providers of financial services in the Nordic and Baltic Sea region. Nordea has a strong focus on expanding their internationalization. SEB’s biggest markets are the Nordic countries, the Baltic’s and Germany. SEB has diverse strategies and structures in the different countries that the bank operates in. The methodology for this thesis is of a deductive approach performed with qualitative and quantitative data. A case study on Nordea and SEB is performed. To complement the case study results, a CAMEL rating is conducted on Nordea and SEB to assess the risk and earnings performance on each bank and and their specific internationalization locations. Evidence from this thesis confirms that the amount of knowledge and experience put in by the bank to the location is essential for the success of internationalization. This research found Nordea’s incentives towards Poland were the higher potential in growth in emerging markets. For SEB the incentive was mainly to follow customers which confirm that SEB has a strong commitment to the home market which leads the bank to new activities. The authors found the CAMEL rating to be a valuable tool for evaluating foreign operations. The authors believe an external CAMEL rating should be assigned each parent company along with their internationalization locations. Both banks obtained very low ratings according to these measures which indicates good and solid performance with little need for supervision. Nordea and SEB are both stable banks in Sweden as well as abroad. The international operations assess a slightly higher CAMEL rating for both banks which shows that the banks have a more stable business in the domestic countries. The CAMEL rating showed that Nordea and SEB’s parent companies are well prepared for the new Basel regulations which will be implemented in 2013 while the acquisitions in Poland and Germany must make adoptions to the new set of requirements.

In 2000, the e-Commerce environment in Taiwan was still under development, and many Internet businesses were trapped in the crisis of dot.com bubble. One of the key factors is that the delivery of internet service and the fee charging methods had not been operated efficiently, due to causes of limited bandwidth, consumers¡¦ unfamiliarity with the internet services, and unsophisticated payment tools. However, the online game industry in Taiwan was not affected by the crisis, instead, related businesses emerged quickly. When facing the same e-commerce and network environment, how did the online game industry establish its channels and offer effective internet service and payment methods to help the consumers completing the product acquisition and transaction is a topic worth studying. Therefore, this research reviewed the market survey statistics and literatures concerning the internet development in Taiwan from 2000, and generalized the causes of the prosperity of online games in distribution channels, when e-commerce failed to develop. The research method was qualitative interview with the senior manager of G company, a representative company of the online game industry, and the senior supervisors of the channel strategy plans, in order to develop the channel distribution strategies of this case company. The key information obtained from interviews included: 1) understanding the channel distribution strategies of G company at that time; 2) establish the interconnected strategy activity system based on the channel strategy; 3) record the achievements of the channel strategies implemented by G company. Besides using qualitative interview to learn about the channel establishment strategies of G company, this research also probed into how the strategies could solve the problems of e-commerce at that time. Lastly, it proposed several suggestions to the innovative thinking and improvement of G company and online game industry, based on the development of the online game industry and future of e-commerce, in order to contribute to the channel establishment of the company and the industry. Keywords: online game, e-commerce, channel establishment strategies

Concerns over water quality have led to required removal of 50 % of dairy manure phosphorus (P) from the impaired Bosque River Watershed. Application of composted dairy manure (CDM) to sod and moving P off the watershed with sod has prompted a study using box lysimeters to determine NO3--N and P leaching from transplanted sod grown with CDM and inorganic fertilizer as well as sprigs top-dressed with CDM. Treatments were applied to lysimeters filled with a silica sand medium. Three leaching events were imposed, leaching 0.07 to 0.09 % of the total P applied and 0.09 to 1.43 % of total N applied. Concentrations of P in leachate averaged 0.04 to 0.25 mg L-1. Top-dressed CDM on sprigs leached statistically greater amounts of NO3--N than both transplanted sod treatments and greater P than the fertilizer grown sod. After the third leaching event, all treatments received an additional application of P, 100 kg ha-1 as CDM for manure-grown sod and sprigs, 50 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate for fertilizer-grown sod. An additional three leachings were imposed. Top-dressed sprigs and transplanted sod leached similar amounts of P following the additional P application. Applied nutrients appeared to stay mainly in the sod layer and in the sand medium just below the sod layer. Top-dressed CDM appears to exhibit greater leaching losses of NO3--N than transplanted manure-grown sod and greater N and P losses than transplanted fertilizer grown sod.

Tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymas vertintinas kaip vienas iš vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdų, kurio įgyvendinimas tiesiogiai susijęs su galimybės įgyvendinti kitus vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdus nebuvimu. Ginčais dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo siekiama tiek teisiškai įtvirtinti tėvystės (motinystės) faktą, kai vaikas teisiškai turi tik vieną arba neturi nei vieno iš tėvų, o spėjamas vaiko tėvas (motina) nesutinka pripažinti tėvystės (motinystės) fakto, tiek teisinėmis priemonėmis išspręsti tėvystės (motinystės) kolizijos klausimą, kai vaiko tėvo arba motinos statuso siekia daugiau negu vienas asmuo. Darbas remiasi Lietuvos įstatymais ir poįstatyminiais teisės aktais, jų oficialiais išaiškinimais, praktine civilinių bylų medžiaga, civilinės teisės moksline literatūra bei Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo jurisprudencija. Pirmajame darbo skyriuje autorius analizuoja tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymą vaiko kilmės nustatymo instituto kontekste, aptaria vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdų tarpusavio ryšį. Taip pat šiame skyriuje nagrinėjama biologinės ir socialinės tėvystės kolizija bei aptariama tėvystės identiškumo apsaugos svarba. Antrasis skyrius skirtas tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo Lietuvos teismų praktikoje problemoms. Jame analizuojami tiek pozityviųjų, tiek negatyviųjų ginčų dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo pavyzdžiai, aptariant tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo sąlygas, tvarką bei pasekmes. Be to, atskirai, atsižvelgiant į problemų specifiką, nagrinėjami motinystės nustatymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The establishment of paternity (maternity) is regarded as one of child’s origin determination methods. The implementation of this method is directly related with the impossibility of implementation of the other child’s origin determination methods. The target of paternity (maternity) legal disputes is the legal establishment of the paternity (maternity) to particular child in cases, when particular child legally have just one of the parents or legally doesn’t have any parent at all and the possible father (mother) disagree to recognize the fact of paternity (maternity). The target of paternity (maternity) legal disputes also is to resolve the paternity (maternity) conflict, when more than one person is concerned to establish parental status. The research is based on legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, the official interpretation of law, materials from civil cases, the literature of the civil and family law and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. In the first chapter of the work the author analyses the determination of paternity (maternity) in the context of the child’s origin determination, discuss the connection between paternity (maternity) establishment and the other methods of child’s origin determination, also analyses the collision between biological and social paternity and the importance of identity protection of paternity. The second chapter of this work deals with the problems of the paternity (maternity) establishment in Lithuanian’s... [to full text]

Examensarbetet är gjort för NCC Construction AB i Karlstad, all indata är baserad på NCCs tidigare projekt i Värmland. De flesta byggentreprenörer hyr sina etableringsbodar med vetskapen om att det kostar mer än att investera i bodar, men utan studier på att det är lönsammare att köpa bodarna. Studien är gjord på Cramos energieffektiva bodar.  Energiförbrukningen för produktion av en byggnad uppgår till 15 % av byggnadens livscykel, vilket leder till stora kostnader. En stor del av energin i produktionsskedet går till etableringsbodarna, undersökningar har gjorts på bodar för att få fram en energieffektiv bod och därmed har utgifterna på etableringarna minskat. Det finns ytterligare ett sätt att spara pengar på gällande etableringen och det är att äga sina etableringsbodar. Syftet är att visa vad som är mest lönsamt, att hyra eller köpa etableringsbodar. Med hänsyn till montering, demontering, lagring och underhåll har en kalkyl ställts upp som visar ingående kostnader och förutsättningar. Har man en beläggningsgrad på bodarna över 50 % är det mer lönsamt för NCC Construction att köpa sina etableringsbodar än att hyra dem. Vad som gör den största skillnaden är antalet förflyttningar på bodarna. Priset per byggdag kan halveras om man har en hög beläggningsgrad. Mellan 50 % - 90 % av hyrpriset kostar det att äga sina egna bodar per byggdag, beräknat på beläggningsdagar. / The work is done for NCC Construction AB in Karlstad and all input is based on NCC's previous projects in Värmland. Most entrepreneurs rent their establishment sheds with the knowledge that it costs more than investing in sheds, but without studies that it is more profitable to buy the sheds. This study is based on energy efficient sheds from Cramo. The energy consumption for the production of a building is 15% of the building's life cycle, which leads to high costs. A large part of the energy in the production stage goes to the establishment sheds, studies has been made on sheds to produce energy efficient shed and therefore, expenditure on establishments has decreased. There is another way to save money regarding the establishment, and that is to own their own establishment sheds. The purpose is to show what is most profitable, renting or buying establishment sheds. In view of the assembly, disassembly, storage and maintenance a calculation was set up that shows input costs and conditions. If you have utilization on the sheds over 50%, it is more profitable for NCC Construction to buy their establishment sheds than renting them. What makes the biggest difference is the number of movements of the sheds. The price per build day can be halved if you have a high occupancy rate. Between 50% - 90% of the rental price will it cost to own their own sheds, based on occupancy days.

Presented master's thesis is a one case study of ANO 2011 (meaning "YES" in Czech) movement which was founded by Czech billionaire Andrej Babiš, who is up to date first and only leader of the movement. This thesis does not analyse ANO 2011 from typical perspectives such as concepts of populism or business-firm-party, but it examines from the concept of an anti-political-establishment party. It is objective is to answer, whether and how ANO 2011 fulfilled criteria of the anti-political-establishment party between June 2013 and December 2017. In the first part of the thesis are discussed concepts of the anti-political- establishment party from scholars as Andreas Schedler or Amir Abedi for example. Later is presented author's innovated working definition of the anti-political-establishment party. This definition is then used when examining the research question. The question is examined on the communication on Andrej Babiš Twitter account between June 2013 and December 2017. The research proved ANO was until December 2013 an anti-political-establishment party. The share of posts with anti-political-establishment rhetoric decline later they were occasionally used in the period after 2013. The numbers of posts with anti-political- establishment rhetoric are too low to categorise ANO as an...

Since the drafting of the Establishment Clause, a pronouncement contained within the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. The United States Supreme Court has debated how to interpret the meaning of, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), the Court took its first action in an Establishment Clause case concerning funding for parochial school students that set a course that has been marked by confusion in the Court, inconsistent decision-making, and ultimately the creation of a policy of accommodation that provides opportunities for parochial school students to receive public financial assistance, including tuition reimbursement for their attendance at parochial schools. This study tracks the history of Establishment Clause jurisprudence with a research emphasis from Everson v. Board of Education (1947) to Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) and illustrates how the philosophy of the United States Supreme Court has changed over time. Further context of the shift is provided with a discussion of the Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) decision that served as an effective court-interpreted barrier to the use of public resources and funds for parochial schools for several years. Subsequent U.S. Supreme Court decisions have eroded gradually the barrier, coined the Wall of Separation between Church and State by Thomas Jefferson, culminating currently with Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002). The purpose of the study is to analyze the aforementioned shift in the context of public funding flowing for private church schools. It became clear through this study that the decision in Everson v. Board of Education was the decision which led to a history of conflict and confusion in the Court which set off a chain of events that ultimately led to public funding for parochial schools where allowable by State Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court has determined that public funding for a sectarian school is allowable so long as the funding is neutral and at the personal discretion of the parents receiving it as opposed to directly supporting a sectarian school. / Ed. D.

A presente dissertação aborda os principais aspectos relacionados ao estabelecimento empresarial no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. O estudo fundamentou-se na doutrina nacional e, mormente na fecunda doutrina italiana, a qual teve um papel fundamental neste trabalho. No primeiro capítulo, analisaram-se os alicerces do direito comercial: o empresário, a empresa e o estabelecimento. Em seguida, estudou-se o estabelecimento empresarial, definindo-o, bem como sua natureza jurídica, elementos e outros aspectos. No terceiro capítulo, os princípios informadores do estabelecimento foram abordados. Em seguida, analisou-se a origem do instituto e a doutrina estrangeira, dando-se ênfase à doutrina italiana em virtude da semelhança entre os ordenamentos. Por derradeiro, o aspecto dinâmico do estabelecimento foi estudado. O estabelecimento empresarial foi abordado como objeto de negócios jurídicos translativos e constitutivos. Sempre à luz da doutrina italiana e da nacional. / The present dissertation had the object to study the most important aspects related to the commercial establishment in the brazilian legal system. The study was based on national doctrinal research and mostly on productive Italian doctrine. The Italian legislation also had an import aspect in this work. In the first chapter, the foundations of commercial law were analyzed: enterpriser, enterprise and establishment. After that, commercial establishment was defined, and, as well, as its legal nature, elements and other aspects. In the third chapter, the principles that inform the commercial establishment were study. Finally, the dynamic aspect of commercial establishment was analyzed. The commercial establishment was studied as object in legal transactions. Always in regard to Italian and national doctrine.