Given the prevailing ethical crisis and subsequent collapse of a number of modern organizations, the lapse in leader ethics as a determining factor of the proliferation of corrupt practices has come to dominate leadership discourse. Ethical leadership has been linked not only to avoiding organizational destruction but to fostering healthy, productive organisations. In line with this, the current study aimed to assess the role of employee perceptions of ethical leadership in promoting employee engagement, via the mediating mechanism of employee perceptions of psychological safety.. Having distributed an email survey to administrative employees of a technological goods producer, Kalshoven et al.’s (2011) Ethical leadership at Work scale, Carmeli and Gittel’s (2009) psychological safety scale and the 17-item version of Utrecht’s employee engagement scale (Schauefeli & Bakker, 2003) were completed by 139 participants. Using structural equation modelling, the findings supported the linkage between ethical leadership and employee engagement and confirmed the role of psychological safety in mediating this relationship.

Chan Florence. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [93-97]). / Chapter SECTION I. --- AN OVERVIEW / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- THE ENVIRONMENT & BACKGROUND OF ADVERTISING / Chapter 1.1. --- Overview --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- Viewpoints on Advertising --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3. --- The Marketing-Advertising Connection --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- A Historical Review on Changing Concept of Marketing / Chapter 1.3.2. --- What is Marketing ？ / Chapter 1.3.3. --- What is Promotion ？ / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Advertising in the Promotion Mix / Chapter 1.4. --- Advertising Planning --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5. --- The Communication / Persuasion Process --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6. --- Summary --- p.9 / Chapter SECTION II. --- COMMON DEFENSES OF ADVERTISING / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- "CAN ADVERTISING BE SELF-REGULATED BY THE ""INVISIBLE HAND"" ？" / Chapter 2.1. --- A General Interpretation of Smith's Invisible Hand --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2. --- A More Complete Picture of Smith's Theories --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Prudence / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Benevolence / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Self-Command / Chapter 2.3. --- Stoicism --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4. --- A Closer Look at Smith's Invisible Hand --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5. --- Can Advertising be Justified by Smith's Invisible Hand or Free Market Mechanism ？ --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- CAM ADVERTISING PROVIDE INFORMATIONAL UTILITY ？ / Chapter 3.1. --- Advertising Provides Important Information for Consumers --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2. --- A More Complete Picture of Advertising's Reality --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Ambiguity / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Concealed Facts / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Exaggeration & Puffery / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Psychological Appeals / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Conclusion / Chapter 3.3. --- A Historical Explanation of Why Advertising Cannot be Pure Informative --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- The Early Stage / Chapter 3.3.2. --- A Breakthrough / Chapter 3.3.3. --- The Mature Stage / Chapter 3.4. --- Can We Conclude that Persuasive Advertising is Deceptive? --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Gardner's Definition of Deception / Chapter 3.4.2. --- A Reasonable Man Standard of Deception / Chapter 3.5. --- More on Rational/Irrational Persuasion & Deceptive/ Non-Deceptive Advertising --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- The Two Dimensions / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Various Combinations / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- IS ADVERTISING A NECESSITY FOR INDIVIDUAL FIRMS / Chapter 4.1. --- Discussions --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2. --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter SECTION III. --- ADVERTISING & SOCIETY / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING / Chapter 5.1. --- Providing Informational Utility --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2. --- Employment --- p.52 / Chapter 5.3. --- Distribution Costs --- p.52 / Chapter 5.4. --- Advertising & Brand Names --- p.53 / Chapter 5.5. --- Media Support --- p.54 / Chapter 5.6. --- Effect on the Business Cycle --- p.54 / Chapter 5.7. --- Stimulating Product Utility --- p.55 / Chapter 5.8. --- Developing New Products --- p.56 / Chapter 5.9. --- Contribution to the Overall Welfare of the Economy --- p.57 / Chapter 5.9.1. --- A Common Misunderstanding / Chapter 5.9.2. --- "Advertising can be Counterproductive, Unproductive or Productive" / Chapter 5.10. --- Conclusion --- p.60 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- CULTURAL & SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE ON ADVERTISING / Chapter 6.1. --- Reviewing Advertising from the Social Context --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2. --- """Explicit"" Content vs. ""Implicit"" Content" --- p.63 / Chapter 6.3. --- Social Conditions Affecting Individual Autonomy --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- A Brief Review on Individual Autonomy / Chapter 6.3.2. --- A Background of Social Influences on Individual Autonomy / Chapter 6.4. --- The Power of Marketing & Advertising : Technique- & Result- Oriented --- p.70 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Techniques of Marketing / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Technique-Orientation on Advertising / Chapter 6.4.3. --- A Culture of Commercialization & Consumption / Chapter 6.5. --- The Real Evils of Advertising --- p.77 / Chapter 6.5.1. --- """Suppressing "" Autonomy" / Chapter 6.5.2. --- Effects on Future Generations / Chapter 6.5.3. --- Changing Values / Chapter 6.5.4. --- Consumerism / Chapter 6.5.5. --- Neglecting Public Goods & Services / Chapter 6.7. --- Conclusion --- p.90 / CONCLUSION --- p.91 / REFERENCES

The Indian economy has grown over the last 10 years with new jobs created in the ITES sector, Biomedical, Automotive engineering, Apparel manufacturing and Civil engineering. The growth is strongly led by Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES); this is supported by the education sector with increase in the number of students enrolling for higher education and large numbers of students graduating every year thus creating a large pool of technical and managerial manpower. The working class people segment has grown since the economic growth and it has benefited middle class and upper middle class people. Due to the increase in the number of working people and substantial raise in income, spending power has increased over the years, and particularly the young Indians in the age of 15 – 25 like to shop more. The Government of India has laid down strict rules to protect the environment and avoiding child labor but there is no legality followed by companies in providing an ethical environment in means of working time and salary. The increase in food, energy and real estate costs makes people’s lives more difficult at this time. Are we going to follow the western countries and repeat the same mistake leading to a standstill? As resources are getting to near exhaustion, now is the time to think and ask ourselves question of what we are doing and justify ensuring that we buy only for our needs. This study focuses on the consumer behavior of young Indians in the age of 15 – 25 to understand and know their perception towards spending and to show a new path for the society and the industry for a sustainable environment. / Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management

Thesis. 1980. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 339-341. / Ph.D.

The paper in the broadest sense looks to the usage of the internet and our obligations if at all any, there to be. We use the case of Wikipedia as a reference site. We used literature from the free rider problem, we deconstructed the literature into relevant elements, and then built a framework to which the case of Wikipedia can be applied. The results of the application shows, at times, users are not merely surfing when they browse the internet, they are free riding and as such may be morally liable to those internet sites.

Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2011. / In this research report, I present the role of ethical principles in promoting efficient service delivery at the Department of Education in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province. I critically present what the codes of conduct are; and explore the challenges and constraints faced by the public regarding behaviour and conduct of public officials Both the interviews and the questionnaires of the study were conducted at Capricorn District of the Department of Education at Lebowakgomo. The subjects of the study were all the current personnel attached to the Human Resource Management of the district.The report is concluded with an assessment of the challenges and constraints faced by the districttowards acceptable conduct as opposed to unacceptable or unethical behaviour, as well asrecommendations for addressing them.

Moral distress is a negative emotional and somatic response to external constraints on moral action. The constraints are typically identified as a component of the work environment, called the ethical climate. Moral distress is identified as a primary reason for job attrition by up to one-quarter of registered nurses who leave their jobs. One strategy suggested to staff nurses who experience moral distress is to consult their Nurse Manager (NM). However, the moral distress of NMs who are employed in acute care hospitals is poorly understood. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine NMs' perceptions of the external constraints on moral agency, specifically the hospital ethical climate, which leads to their experience of moral distress and how attributes of the ethical climate facilitated or impeded resolution of their moral distress. Semi-structured, audio-recorded telephone interviews were conducted with 17 NMs from across United States. An interpretive description design using an iterative process between data collection and data analysis was used. Data were analyzed through descriptive coding and thematic analysis. The participants in this study were 15 women and 2 men with a mean age of 46.4 years. The mean length of time in their current positions was slightly less than 5 years. Of the 17 hospitals represented, 6 were affiliated with a university and 4 had a religious affiliation. Fifteen of 17 NMs described situations in which the implicit and explicit values of the hospital were incongruent with their personal moral values and professional ethics. Common themes describing factors contributing to moral distress were administrative policies, negative communication patterns and relationships with physicians, issues related to staff nurses, issues related to patients and families, and multiple competing job obligations. Respondents described strategies to navigate through their moral distress. The strategies included taking a positive perspective, seeking the advice of NM colleagues, reliance on a positive relationship with a supervisor, and talking it through with family members. For 5 of the 15 NMs who experienced moral distress, their final strategy included plans to resign from their positions. Issues within the ethical climate of the hospital that were perceived to contribute to the development of moral distress among this cohort of NMs differed from those reported for staff nurses. Further examination of strategies used by NMs to improve the ethical climate may yield insights into effective ways to address moral distress for this population.

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This workplace study examined the every day ethical dilemmas of a multidisciplinary team in one acute psychiatric setting and the social factors affecting their moral domain of practice. The research design was a case study involving both qualitative and quantitative data. The context that shaped the team's process of ethical dilemma identification was conceptualised for the purpose of this research within a systems theory framework of interrelated factors at a societal, organisational and clinical level with ethics theory pervading the entire scene. The findings indicated that dilemmas arose in situations concerning patient care, team strain, and limited resources with the most common dilemma across disciplines arising from lack of community resources. Further findings suggested that clinicians were aware of various forces shaping practice but these ideas were not well connected conceptually. Staff felt wary of identifying ethical dilemmas because they were unsure of the process and sensed a reticence in the unit's social processes around negotiation and problem solving. Important social factors that were perceived to affect their abilities around ethical dilemma identification included rational economics, professional socialisation, medical-legal monopoly with a concomitant use of the ethic of justice, and managerial strategies. The concept of transference and countertransference issues within the staffing group was explored. These results are useful for the team to understand the nature of their own particular dilemmas and what factors constrain and enhance their abilities to identify dilemmas. Other health care settings may find that replication of the research results in a similar way may raise awareness of their moral situation. Generalisability at a theoretical level contributes to the current research agenda in applied ethics about the effect of context in the ethical domain of clinical practice.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 53-56.