This research explores whether ¡§party identification, candidate orientation, ethnic identification and issue orientation,¡¨ the four intermediate variables of election, are correlated to the results of Taipei mayor elections in 2002 and 2006. The data in this research are mainly based on the interview broadly carried out to collect facts for ¡§the study on democratization through election¡¨ executed by Professors Huang Chi and Huang Siu-Twen in 2002 and 2005. It is with these data that this research compares the voting behavior of the voters in the two mayor elections in an attempt to find out the deviation of election for further studies. Each individual voter has of his own a variety of social backgrounds which inevitably form to some extent a connection with each of the four intermediate variables. In examination of the connection just mentioned, it is obvious that of all the voter¡¦s backgrounds the place of birth is probably the most potential and influential, and has a significant connection with each of the four factors. However, an evaluation of the connection between the voting preference and the four factors indicates that the four factors are apparently convincing in justification of the results of the second Taipei mayor election in 2006. In addition, a detailed analysis of the connections between voter¡¦s social backgrounds and his voting preference shows that the voter¡¦s place of birth plays an important role in making his voting preference. Other social backgrounds except the voter¡¦s educational level are slightly related to the voting preference in the Taipei mayor election in 2006. Based on the analysis mentioned above, it is understood that there are many variables which will influence the voting preference. Of all the intermediate variables, however, the four factors of party identification candidate orientation ethnic identification and issue orientation are perhaps most crucial and decisive. By means of the analysis and evaluation of the four factors functioning in the recent elections, it is discovered that the people here in Taiwan are relatively better educated and have made a tremendous progress in democracy. It seems that Taiwan has already developed into a nation of two-party politics.

The present study aimed to: (1) examine whether experiencing ethnic harassment was related to violent behaviors among immigrant youths (2) identify the conditions that elevate ethnically harassed youth’s engagement in violent behaviors. Specifically, current study examined the moderating roles of youth’s ethnic identification, anger regulation, and impulsivity on the association between ethnic harassment and violent behaviors. Participants included 341 first- and second-generation immigrant youth (Mage= 14.11, SD =.93; 48 % girls) who were recruited from seven different schools in a mid-size Swedish city. Regression analyses was conducted to test whether ethnic harassment predicted violent behaviors over the course of one year after and whether youth’s ethnic identification, anger regulation and impulsive personality trait moderated the association between ethnic harassment and violent behaviors. Results showed that when immigrant youth were exposed to ethnic harassment, they were more likely to display violent behaviors one year later. In addition, the results suggested that immigrant youth who identified themselves with their heritage culture, i.e., high ethnic identification, were more at risk displaying violent behaviors in the case of ethnic harassment. Moreover, the results indicated that anger regulation and impulsive personality trait did not moderate the relationship between ethnic harassment and violence.

The immigrant paradox is the empirical trend that immigrants have better mental health than second and subsequent generations. Mossakowski (2007) found that Filipinos follow this trend, and using the same data this study builds upon the previous research by examining the relationship between cultural (ethnic identification, native language) and structural (nativity, age at immigration, and poverty in city of birth) variables. The results indicate that cultural variables are important in understanding psychological distress among Filipino Americans. Relative deprivation was not associated with psychological distress, and the effect of selective migration is explained away when language and ethnic identification are controlled. Use of native language benefits U.S. born and adult immigrant Filipinos, but is damaging to child immigrants with low ethnic identification. Suggestions for future research are discussed. / Master of Science

The purpose of this essay is to examine at how to portray characters in the stories and narratives which depicts one of these children's books and if they really have something to ethnicity and its identification to be done. The Research questions is: What are the different identification markers given, to the reading child in the books, which might indicate that the story depicts people of different ethnicities? How are the characters portrayed in the story and which role is assigned to the main character? What story is portrayed and is it relevant to an identifier can occur? The conclusions of the five children's books shows that it is important with identifications markers, to show that there are different ethnicities. For example the analysis revealed the specific features of the illustrations and how the books portrayes someone with a different ethnicity and cultural background as something exotic. In the texts, the analysis showed how it occurred ethnic differences, by explicitly demonstrating differences between the characters. It was found that the characters were produced mostly as good, happy, curious, suspicious and unsympathetic. Common to all the main characters was that they had been placed, in one for them unusual context and that they were trying to assimilate to the new situations. Depictions consisted of realism and fiction. What emerged here was that most of the stories themselves were not carrying identification purposes, most of the stories needed help with the identification markers from the illustrations, so that the reading child could understand the themes it was about. The methods used in the studies are narratology, semiotics and critical discourse analysis. In particular, I looked at the propositions, inferences, icon, index and symbol.

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社會變遷的快速，推波助瀾學校教育改革的腳步。學校教育不能原地踏步，必須有所創新；學校教育必須能掌握社會脈動，才能提供學子隨機應變的能力。因此，教育改革勢在必行。 中央統籌規劃的課程是一套統一的架構，並未考量學生生活經驗、學生成長背景、學生民族身分..，所以，為了改善上述缺失，教育部現今推行的九年一貫國民教育，在課程規劃上，安排一周兩節課的彈性學習時間，提供給各小學彈性運用課程的設計，也就是鼓勵學校妥善運用這兩節課時間，設計規劃適合該校學童學習的課程活動。精神上強調培養學生帶得走的能力、期望學生從此課程學習中找到學習的樂趣，從而喜愛上學、更有自信面對挑戰。課程的內容可以是各學科的補救教學活動；或是結合社區發展、自然生態資源、機關團體的課程設計；還是民族文化相關的課程發展活動…。因此，學校本位課程的推動，彰顯了各學校的發展特色。 不同的民族，有不同的風土民情；語言、習俗上的不同，讓台灣境內各民族有了各自不同的特色。學校本位課程所提供各學校彈性的自主課程設計，造就了原住民小學與漢人小學在課程設計方向上不同的發展。原住民小學發展了與該學校學童民族身分相關的民族文化課程活動，有的是民族語言課程、民族舞蹈活動、原住民合唱社團、還有原住民祭儀活動，以及傳統編織、織布技藝等課程。漢人小學則多是結合社區發展鄉土人文、自然生態，或是與社區機關、社團結合的課程活動。 本論文是以比較分析台灣中部以北地區，八所原漢國民小學所推動的學校本位課程活動，透過訪談、問卷調查，綜合歸納後得到下列點結論： 壹、原住民小學學校本位課程發展傾向於民族文化相關課程。 貳、漢人小學學校本位課程發展多與社區資源相結合。 參、原住民教師比漢人教師關心民族教育。 肆、學生喜愛主題活動式課程。 伍、學校本位課程活動設計打造學校特色。 / Study and Analyze the School-based Curriculum of Aboriginal Schools and General School for the Northern of Taiwan Elementary Schools The modern society changes so fast that it accelerates the revolution in our system of education and the school education system should innovate in order to make progress instead of regression. To provide students with the ability to adapt modern society, which changes all the time, revolution in our educational system is imperative. The central government designed curriculum, a prevailing uniformity of educational skeleton, concerns nothing about the living experience, backgrounds and special racial dignity of the individual, so the Department of Education promotes the nine-year integrated education, an educational frame, in order to correct the flaw that ignores individual characteristics. The nine-year integrated education provides the flexibility in program design by arranging elastic courses two times a week. In other words, the purpose on this special educational frame is that appropriate arrangement for activities and programs which suit students. Moreover, the essence of the nine-year integrated education puts emphasis on the spirit that the individual can see the fun of learning. In additionnine-year integrated education, students love to go to school and act with confidence to face challenges. The ingredients of the program may contain tutorial class or cooperate with community development, nature resources, and public welfare organizations. Therefore, advocating the school-based curriculum makes traits of every single school more obvious. Generally speaking, diverse races have dissimilar cultures which are unique. The variety of historical backgrounds, languages and custom contribute the special feature which belongs to natives in Taiwan. The school-based curriculum which offers flexibility in program design makes the difference in curriculum arrangement between aboriginal elementary school and general elementary school. The aboriginal elementary schools have developed the cultural programs, which include mother language, folk dance, chorus, ritual ceremony and traditional weave skill, relating to their historical background according to the traits that students present. On the other hand, the general elementary schools combine their programs with native humanism, environmental concerns or cooperate with community activities and public welfare organizations. The thesis analysis and compares the school-based curriculum of eight schools which include aboriginal and general elementary schools in north and central Taiwan by interviews, questionnaires and then obtains conclusions represented below. 1. The school-based curriculum of aboriginal elementary school inclines to develop cultural programs. 2. The school-based curriculum of general elementary school chiefly combines with community resources. 3. The aboriginal teachers concern more about national education than other teachers. 4. The students prefer topical subject curriculums. 5. Designing school-based curriculum forms characteristics of schools.

Les relations interethniques, qu’elles soient intergroupes comme les attitudes interethniques ou interpersonnelles comme les choix affiliatifs, prennent une place déterminante dans la construction de l’identité de l’enfant, en raison de leur influence sur l’estime de soi et l’identification ethnique. L’enfant français grandit dans un environnement qui offre une diversité de groupes culturels, issus ou non de l’immigration. En étudiant certains aspects de l’identité et des relations interethniques des enfants français scolarisés en primaire, l’objectif de cette recherche est vérifier différents modèles théoriques compte tenu de critères tel que l’appartenance ethnique, le contexte scolaire et l’âge. Pour cela, nous avons mesuré pour chaque enfant, leur niveau d’estime de soi et d’identification ethnique, les biais dans leur choix affiliatifs ainsi que les attitudes implicites et explicites exprimées à l’égard des différents groupes ethniques qui les entourent. L’échantillon comporte 447 enfants de CE1 et de CM1 provenant de trois groupes ethniques français, maghrébin et africain scolarisés dans trois contextes scolaires, classes monoculturelles françaises, classes à 50 % françaises et classes multiculturelles. Le lien entre l’identification ethnique, les attitudes interethniques et l’estime de soi varie selon les groupes ethniques et le contexte scolaire. L’estime de soi est liée principalement à l’âge. Les deux groupes issus de l’immigration diffèrent dans leurs attitudes interethniques. Les attitudes interethniques des enfants reflètent en partie les images véhiculées sur les groupes issus de l’immigration. Les enfants partagent une perception commune positive envers les groupes d’origine française et africaine et négative envers les groupes d’origine maghrébine. Un contexte scolaire multiculturel n’entraîne pas plus de biais interethniques dans les choix affiliatifs ni d’attitudes plus positives envers les groupes d’origine maghrébine, mais plutôt une plus forte identification ethnique. Les biais dans les choix affiliatifs ne sont pas influencés par les attitudes interethniques, les enfants ne font pas de biais endo ou exo-groupes dans leurs choix. / Interethnic relationships, whether they are intergroups as interethnic attitudes or interpersonal as affiliative choices, take a major role in the construction of child's identity, due to their influence on self-esteem and ethnic identification. French children grow in an environment offering a diversity of several cultural groups coming from immigration or not. Through the study of certain aspects of French children’s identity and interethnic relationships, the purpose of this research is to confirm several theoretical models upon criteria such as ethnic membership, school context and age. Indeed, for each child we scaled his level of self-esteem and ethnic identification, the biases he could show in his affiliative choices and his explicit and implicit attitudes towards the various ethnic groups around him. The sample is composed of 447 children in second and fourth grades, coming from three different ethnic groups: French, Maghrebian and African; schooled in three different contexts: French-monocultural classes, 50% French classes, and multicultural classes. The link between ethnic identification, interethnic attitudes and self-esteem differ according to ethnic groups and school context. Self-esteem is mainly linked with age. The two groups coming from immigration don’t show the same interethnic attitudes. Children’s interethnic attitudes partially match the stereotypes about groups coming from immigration. The children share a common positive vision towards French and African groups and a negative one towards Maghrebians. A multicultural school context doesn’t mean more interethnic biases in affiliative choices neither positive attitudes towards Maghrebians, but foster a strong ethnic identification. Affiliative choices biases are not linked with interethnic attitudes, children don’t show endo or exo-group biases in their choices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Teodoro Trinidad.pdf: 10137598 bytes, checksum: ebf7f617d934cd5eb2918d6ad1300b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / Fundação Ford / This study aimed to determine: a) if - and how - children in preschool understand racial- ethnic identification; b) the criteria they employ to do so; and c) the means by which this identification is formulated. The research was conducted in an elementary school, situated in the west part of the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, involving 33 children between 4 and 5 years old. The theoretical framework includes approaches to the ethnic-racial identification, specifically those that consider race as a social construction. Furthermore, some categories of the socio-historical theory in Psychology, in particular, the appropriation of 'senses and meanings' were employed. Finally, it was adopted the notion of child proposed by Sociology of Childhood, which sees children as a legitimate social actor, one who produces symbols, representations and beliefs that contribute to their own cultures. The literature review was mainly from North-America, since in Brazil, there are few studies dealing with ethnic and/or racial identification made by children or adolescents. Methodologically, an ethnographic approach was employed in this study, using the following procedures for data collection: participant observations, informal conversations, children s storytelling and document analysis. The results show that young children know and employ racial-ethnic categories while playing or interacting with their peers, but do not select their friends based on their skin color. Nevertheless, they do verbalize a desire to have characteristics not associated with blacks, hair and skin tone being those most frequently mentioned. Apparently, all this indicates that meanings socially constructed, for both whites and blacks, have been appropriate by those children, being especially difficult to handle for those of interracial relationships. In fact, as the similarity to black people increases, the desire of being white intensifies. Finally, it is important to mention that the male and female roles have also been duly appropriated and are reproduced by girls and boy in their everyday life. This situation reveals the urgency of breaking the tendency to reproduce and perpetuate gender discriminations present in society. Lastly, the e results show that adults working at the elementary school as well as the children's own parents do not consider that to answer questions regarding color or race can be of any use, demonstrating a lack of knowledge about the importance of educating children to recognize ethnic and racial diversity as something to be respected and positively valued / Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar: 1) se e como as crianças em idade pré-escolar compreendem a identificação étnico-racial; 2) os critérios que empregam para tal; e 3) a forma por meio da qual essa identificação é explicitada. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola de educação infantil situada na zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo (SP-Brasil) e contou com o envolvimento de 33 crianças entre quatro e cinco anos de idade. O referencial teórico foi constituído com base em três abordagens: 1) as teorias acerca da identificação étnico-racial, em especial aquelas que consideram a raça uma construção social; a proposta sócio-histórica da Psicologia, com particular atenção às categorias sentido e significado ; e 3) a concepção proposta pela Sociologia da Infância, segundo a qual a criança é um ator social legítimo e de direito, que produz símbolos, representações e crenças que contribuem para suas próprias culturas. A revisão da literatura centrou-se, sobretudo, em autores norte-americanos, tendo em vista que, no Brasil, poucos são os estudos que tratam da identificação étnico-racial de crianças e adolescentes. Em termos metodológicos, optou-se pela abordagem etnográfica, e a coleta de dados pautou-se pelos seguintes procedimentos: observações participantes, conversas informais, contação de histórias pelas crianças e análise documental. Os resultados mostraram que crianças de pouca idade conhecem e empregam as categorias étnico-raciais; em suas brincadeiras e interações, não selecionam seus pares tendo como base a cor da pele; verbalizam, no entanto, o desejo de ter características associadas ao grupo de pessoas brancas, sendo o cabelo e a tonalidade da pele as mais mencionadas. Tudo isso aponta para o fato de que os sentidos e os significados dados a brancos e negros já foram apropriados pelas crianças. Em relação aos filhos de relacionamentos inter-raciais, notou-se que, quanto mais as crianças apresentam traços físicos que se aproximam dos atribuídos às pessoas negras, maior é o desejo de serem brancas. Os papéis sociais masculinos e femininos também foram devidamente apropriados e reproduzidos no cotidiano infantil, apontando ser necessário romper com a tendência de reproduzir e perpetuar a discriminação de gênero presente na sociedade. Averiguou-se, também, que a instituição de educação infantil e as famílias das crianças não consideram o preenchimento do quesito cor/raça (seja no Censo da População ou no Censo Escolar) necessário ou relevante, explicitando que desconhecem a importância de educar as crianças pequenas para reconhecerem a diversidade étnico-racial como algo a ser respeitado e positivamente valorizado

The subject of this thesis is a diversified conception of Czechishness. The main proposition is a comparison of types and aspects of relation to the country in the case of (political) emigrants after 1948 in contrast with the "home-based" non-emigrant Czech population. The thesis will briefly mention also the preceding periods of Czech emigration, the socio-economic situation at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries, the 1950s etc. All this will be put into the context of the historical turning of the Czech lands away from the West, despite the latter being the destination of the post-February emigrants. In this respect the description of social-political events as perceived by the citizens at the time, by the official propaganda and by emigrants is crucial. The image of the West or emigrants as perceived then together with other conclusions will be compared with the basic theories of migration and migration policy. In the section on political emigration legislation of the period incl. its wording will be quoted. The thesis focuses exclusively on emigrants to the West, especially to Western Europe, the USA and Canada, but also to Australia and Israel. It reflects the direction and the main centres of emigration, checks the relevance of information on the numbers of exiled Czechs, their...

Yes / This paper systematically examines (i) how individual personality can influence on cultural acculturation which can impact on the higher level of perceived value in LGBTs, and (ii) how the higher level of perceived value towards social media can result in being more satisfied, (iii) consequently having a better working life at workplace and performance proficiency. The generated framework was validated through a survey from multinational corporations in multi-industries such as higher education (with more than two campuses around the world), global fashion, global retailing, tourism, hospitality, food, and electronics and information technology. Key results, implications for managers and researchers are highlighted.