BACKGROUND: Ethnobotanical knowledge continues to be important for treating illness in many rural communities, despite access to health care clinics and pharmaceuticals. However, access to health care clinics and other modern services can have an impact on the distribution of medical ethnobotanical knowledge. Many factors have been shown to be associated with distributions in this type of knowledge. The goal of the sub-analyses reported in this paper was to better understand the relationship between herbal remedy knowledge, and two such factors, age and social network position, among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Yucatan. METHODS: The sample consisted of 116 Yucatec Maya adults. Cultural consensus analysis was used to measure variation in herbal remedy knowledge using competence scores, which is a measure of participant agreement within a domain. Social network analysis was used to measure individual position within a network using in-degree scores, based on the number of people who asked an individual about herbal remedies. Surveys were used to capture relevant personal attributes, including age. RESULTS: Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between age and the herbal medicine competence score for individuals 45 and under, and no relationship for individuals over 45. There was an insignificant relationship between in-degree and competence scores for individuals 50 and under and a significant positive correlation for those over 50. CONCLUSIONS: There are two possible mechanisms that could account for the differences between cohorts: 1) knowledge accumulation over time; and/or 2) the stunting of knowledge acquisition through delayed acquisition, competing treatment options, and changes in values. Primary ethnographic evidence suggests that both mechanisms may be at play in Tabi. Future studies using longitudinal or cross-site comparisons are necessary to determine the whether and how the second mechanism is influencing the different cohorts.

UA Open Access Publishing Fund / Background: Ethnobotanical knowledge continues to be important for treating illness in many rural communities, despite access to health care clinics and pharmaceuticals. However, access to health care clinics and other modern services can have an impact on the distribution of medical ethnobotanical knowledge. Many factors have been shown to be associated with distributions in this type of knowledge. The goal of the sub-analyses reported in this paper was to better understand the relationship between herbal remedy knowledge, and two such factors, age and social network position, among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Yucatan. Methods: The sample consisted of 116 Yucatec Maya adults. Cultural consensus analysis was used to measure variation in herbal remedy knowledge using competence scores, which is a measure of participant agreement within a domain. Social network analysis was used to measure individual position within a network using in-degree scores, based on the number of people who asked an individual about herbal remedies. Surveys were used to capture relevant personal attributes, including age. Results: Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between age and the herbal medicine competence score for individuals 45 and under, and no relationship for individuals over 45. There was an insignificant relationship between in-degree and competence scores for individuals 50 and under and a significant positive correlation for those over 50. Conclusions: There are two possible mechanisms that could account for the differences between cohorts: 1) knowledge accumulation over time; and/or 2) the stunting of knowledge acquisition through delayed acquisition, competing treatment options, and changes in values. Primary ethnographic evidence suggests that both mechanisms may be at play in Tabi. Future studies using longitudinal or cross-site comparisons are necessary to determine the whether and how the second mechanism is influencing the different cohorts.

Orientador: Lin Chau Ming / Coorientador: Márcia Ortiz Mayo Marques / Banca: Gabriela Granghelli Gonçalves / Banca: Manoel Baltasar Baptista da Costa / Resumo: A Amazônia é um mundo vasto na área de aromas, e os povos da floresta, por sua condição de isolamento, procuram alternativas produtivas mais naturais. Pataqueira Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth., família Plantaginaceae Juss, é umas destas plantas. O óleo essencial da pataqueira possui boas perspectivas na indústria de fragrâncias, contudo, a sua exploração econômica ainda não é uma realidade devido à sua dificuldade de cultivo. Por se tratar de espécie nativa, com uso tradicional por comunidades, tais sistemas de propagação e produção, baseados em utilização de insumos químicos sintéticos, demanda de altos investimentos e grande complexidade técnica, são pouco acessíveis aos grupos e agricultores que culturalmente se relacionam com esta espécie, além de não serem sistemas ecológicos de produção. O objetivo do presente estudo é desenvolver um protocolo de cultivo para pataqueira (Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth., de forma conjunta com um grupo de agricultores tradicionais de comunidades do entorno de Belém (PA), assim como estabelecer a cadeia produtiva comercial desta planta, para produção e comercialização da indústria de cosméticos. Para realização dos estudos e do desenvolvimento do sistema de cultivo da pataqueira, foram escolhidas duas comunidades rurais, grupos já realizavam cultivo e coleta de outras espécies aromáticas. Considerando o objeto do estudo, a metodologia utilizada foi "pesquisa ação", a qual possibilita a coleta e compilação de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Amazon is a vast world in the field of aromas, and the forest peoples, because of their isolation, seek natural alternatives. Pataqueira Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth., Family Plantaginaceae Juss, is one of these plants. The essential oil of pataqueira has good prospects in the industry of fragrances, however, its economic exploitation is not yet a reality due to its difficulty of cultivation. Because they are native species with traditional use by communities, such propagation and production systems, based on the use of synthetic chemical inputs, demand for high investments and great technical complexity, are scarcely accessible to groups and farmers who culturally relate to this species, as well as not being ecological systems of production. The objective of the present study is to develop a protocol for the cultivation of pataqueira (Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. Together with a group of traditional farmers from communities around Belém (PA) commercial production of this plant, for the production and commercialization of the cosmetics industry. To carry out the studies and development of the system of cultivation of the pataqueira, two rural communities were chosen, the groups were already cultivating and collecting other aromatic species. The methodology used was 'action research', which enables the collection and compilation of information and knowledge of the native communities, as well as the collective construction of a plant culti... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The non-random selection of medicinal plants theory, which states that phylogeny affects the selection of medicinal plants, was proposed by Daniel Moerman to indirectly prove that traditional medicinal systems are rational and based in part by the therapeutic efficacy of plants. The logic of this theory is that because members of a taxonomical group share similar characteristics, some groups will be more medicinal and will be over-used in pharmacopoeias, while other groups bereft of secondary metabolites and therapeutic potential will be under-used medicinally. To test this theory, Moerman linearly regressed the total number of medicinal plants per family against the total number of plants per family present in an area and examined residual values to find over-used and under-used medicinal plant families. The method has been praised for its simplicity. Nonetheless, shortcomings have been noted and criticized, inspiring researchers to propose new procedures to test for phylogenetic biases in pharmacopoeias. Negative Binomial regression and examination of studentized residuals, the method used in this investigation, ameliorates the original one with a few corrections, conserving the simplicity and solving for all the criticized flaws. Also, this study incorporated different sociodemographic factors to determine if the intracultural homogeneity of traditional knowledge affects the results of the non-random selection of medicinal plants theory analysis. By testing Moerman’s theory, which is one of Ethnobotany’s major theories, this investigation is in agreement with the call to have more hypothesis-driven research within a theoretical framework to continue to advance the Ethnobotany field. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (M.A(Folklore)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / This study contains documentation and naming of indigenous plant species of the GaMamabolo area. Knowledge about their classification and their local natural resources has been acknowledged through this study. It is not only naming and classification but extending information about interaction of useful indigenous plants with human society. This is followed by a survey of 85 plant species found in the Mamabolo area. The immense cultural significance of the traditional knowledge system is portrayed in this study. ii

This study aims to identify traditional medicines which people use in Babati District, Tanzania and to find out which direction the local use and knowledge of traditional medicine is taking in comparison with modern medicine (MM). It is a case study based both on primary and secondary sources. The primary information was gathered with the help of semi-structured interviews and shorter enquiries with people of all categories that use herbal remedies or visit bone fixers and with women that are supported by traditional midwifes. For simple health problems people use TM, for more complicated cases, they go to the hospital. A difference between Babati urban and rural inhabitants was noticed in the usage of traditional and modern medicine, but not between poor and rich people, opinions being slightly different. The Tanzanian government does not encourage the implementation of the TM in the modern medical system and as long as the young generation is not interested to learn the secrets of their parents‟ vocation, this knowledge is threatened by being forgotten. All the herbs used in TM will most likely find their way into the modern pharmacy; however because of the lack of documentation and statistics, it can take up to one hundred years. For this purpose, the gap between TM and MM has to narrow through a better collaboration between all the involved parts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

This document is an oral history of Ester Mae Bodie, one of the Exumas’ renowned plant experts. During the Bahamas Marine Protected Area Study, members of Richard Stoffle’s research team spent numerous hours interviewing Mrs. Bodie a range of topics including ethnobotany, traditional marine use, the proposed MPAs, and her life growing up in the Exumas. In order to honor her contributions to the overall project, members of the Stoffle team constructed this document to share her story.

The purpose of this study is document traditional plant use of the Dakota and Lakota Sioux as it pertains to Pipestone National Monument. Included in this report are discussions of three periods of cultural landscapes, traditional and contemporary plant use, management recommendations, a bibliography, and resource and legislative appendices. These findings are submitted to NPS as a basis for additional research, consultation, and management of the natural and cultural resources at the monument.

This is a slide show of selected photographs from the Big Springs Ethnographic Assessment US-95 Corridor Study.