These presentations were designed to provide orientation information for the Solar Energy Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement.

This research examines the lowland lama (Diospyros)/kauila ( Colubrina ) dry forest community subtype that exists from Ka'upulehu to Pu'uwa'awa'a. Known threats to this forest community include ranching, invasive grasses, and fire. However, impacts from Hawaiians living in the area from 1600-1800 have never been identified. This research also attempts to quantify the importance of the trees and shrubs of this dry forest ecosystem to Hawaiian cultural traditions, and to add a new description of Hawaiian ethnobotany. Trees used in the construction of houses and double hull canoes were compared to observations of houses and double hull canoes during the time of Kamehameha I from 1775-1796. The number of trees used during this period may indicate large-scale habitat modifications and extraction by Hawaiians in the North Kona region of Hawai`i Island. This region of North Kona was important to events that took place during the time of King Kamehameha (Pai`ea) from 1775-1796. The area was a location for coastal fishing, and farming of sweet potatoes. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted of the types of woods needed to construct chiefly kauhale (housing compounds) and double hull canoes that were integral to the success of Kamehameha's reign. The species and the sizes of branches and trunks were estimated to determine the amount of native hardwoods necessary to complete the known number of kauhale and war canoes that Kamehameha possessed. The population structure of the lama/kauila lowland dry forest was estimated from a fenced exclosure at Ka'upulehu that has been ungulate free for the past 39 years. The species in this exclosure were compared with botanical inventories of Pu'uwa'awa'a to the north and at the same elevational gradient. The extent of the Lowland Dry Forest in North Kona was estimated through this comparison with particular emphasis to the Lama (Diospyros )/Kauila (Colubrina) Dry Forest type.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-221). Also available on the Internet in PDF format.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-258).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcellos_mc_me_botfca.pdf: 3165217 bytes, checksum: a0fdb8fc5f4a08d06ab910d35b58530d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os terreiros, espaços que se localizam ao redor das casas, da comunidade remanescente de quilombos de Praia Grande, Iporanga, SP, realizando um levantamento etnobotânico das espécies vegetais, seus usos e sua importância social, cultural e econômica. Esta caracterização promoveu a reflexão e a discussão sobre o papel que estes espaços desempenham na vida da comunidade. A coleta de dados foi realizada em oito viagens para a comunidade no período de março de 2003 a dezembro de 2003, com duração média de dez dias. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em observações participante, entrevistas estruturadas (na forma de questionários) e não-estruturadas, registradas por meio de gravações (em fita cassete) e de anotações em caderneta de campo. Os depoimentos foram realizados com 12 mulheres e 1 homem, numa faixa etária variando de 41 a 80 anos. Para a coleta de material botânico das espécies úteis e anotação sobre seu(s) uso(s) foram realizados passeios livres pelos terreiros com os moradores. Buscou-se o conheciemtno que a comunidade possuía em relação à história do uso das plantas presentes nos terreiros. O material botânico coletado foi identificado e herborizado. O mesmo será depositado no Herbário da Unesp/ Departamento de Botânica - IB/ Botucatu, SP. Foram descritas 260 plantas, representadas por 73 famílias botânicas, sendo que 202 plantas identificadas até o nível de espécie, 42 até o gênero e 16 não puderam ser identificadas. A maior parte das espécies encontradas são cultivadas, exóticas (ocorrência fora da Mata Atlântica) e com hábito de crescimento herbáceo. A categoria de uso mais encontrada foi a alimentar (40,21 %), seguida pela medicinal (29,18 %) e pela ornamental (22,78 %). A categoria relacionada a outros usos, tais como madeira para lenha, planta para fazer sabão entre outras... / The objective of this study was to characterize the homegardens - terreiros, of a Quilombo remaining community in Praia Grande, São Paulo. A ethnobotanical survey was done veryfing the use of the vegetal species, and their social, cultural and economical importance. This characterization promoted the refletion and discution about the homegardens role in community life. The survey was done during eight visits to the community, from March to December, 2003, for ten days each visit. The methodology was the participant observation, estructured interviews (questionaries) and no- estructurated interviews registered by tape recorder and in field note book. The interviews were done with 12 women and 1 man, and theirs age ranging from 41 to 80 years old. The botanical collection and the traditional use register were done by free excursions on the homegardens together with the residents. It was demanding the community knowledgment about the use stories of homegardens plants. The botanical material was identified and herborized. It will be deposited at the UNESP Herbarium/Department of Botany -IB/Botucatu, São Paulo. 260 plants were described, represented by 73 botanical families, 202 species, 42 genus, and 16 species non identificated. The majority of species are cultivate, exotic (out of the Atlantic Forest) and herbaceous. The principal plant use was alimentary (40,21 %), besides medicinal (29,18 %) and ornamental (22,78 %). Other uses like firewood, and soap plants were little significatives in this study (7,83 %). The Praia Grande homegardens are very rich in botanical species which represent a great potential... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-17T13:43:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto.pdf: 610938 bytes, checksum: b5cad4b75cb9075be97b7ff6d1792bea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-17T13:43:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto.pdf: 610938 bytes, checksum: b5cad4b75cb9075be97b7ff6d1792bea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / he people select edible plants for the attendance its economic, social and cultural necessities, being such action responsible human being for modification genetic and fenotipics, being such evolutive process called domestication. The present study has for aim to study the influence of practice of collection and management on the populations of Spondias tuberosa Arruda. in an area of Caatinga in the state of Pernambuco. The research was guided by two questionings: Has fenotipics differences between populations of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (umbu) submitted different landscape? In case that these differences exist, can be associates the preferences of the collectors? Ahead of such questionings a Ethnobotany study was carried on through in the community of Carão, being divided in two moments. In the first, visited all the residences of the community, interviewing the responsible man and the woman. In the second moment it was identified, from the analyses of the first one, the people who keep a more direct relation with the resource, being deepened questions on the species. A study of the influence landscape under the populations of Spondias tuberosa in five units of landscapes identified in the region was also become fullfilled [area of mountain (vegetation in regeneration the 50anos), foot of the mountain (vegetation in regeneration the 15 years), areas of native pastures, areas of cultive and yards]. In each unit randomic selected 10 individuals for morfometric analyses. The index of Simpson was applied esteem the morphologic diversity in the populations studied in the different units of landscapes. From these methods, verify that knowledge concerning Spondias tuberosa well is distributed in the community. It did not have significant differences betweengender and age. The category food was of bigger prominence for this species, animal and human. The main form of management is the tolerance and the collection of its fruits. Also morphologic divergences between the individuals found in the different units of landscapes, especially for the antropic areas, where the individuals had presented more interesting fenotipics characteristics for the human consumption. On the other hand the found morphologic diversity is the same between the these areas, being this probably associated the tolerance of the individuals. In function of the results, it exists strong indications of that Spondias tuberosa can be under incipient domestication, however still are necessary more elucidate this signalling.studies, as of quantitative genetics and populations, to elucidate this signalling. / As pessoas selecionam plantas alimentícias para o atendimento as suas necessidades econômicas, sociais e culturais, sendo tal ação humana responsável por gerar alterações genéticas e, presumivelmente, fenotípicas.Esses processo evolutivo é denominado domesticação. Diante disso o presente estudo tem por objetivo estudar a influência de práticas locais de coleta e manejo sobre as populações de Spondias tuberosa Arruda. em uma área de caatinga no estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa foi norteada por dois questionamentos: Há diferenças fenotípicas entre populações de Spondias tuberosa Arruda (umbu) submetidas a diferentes regimes de manejo local da paisagem? Caso essas diferenças existam, podem estar associadas a preferências locais dos coletores? Diante de tais questionamentos foi realizado um estudo Etnobotânico na comunidade de Carão, sendo dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, visitou-se todas as quintais da comunidade, entrevistando o homem e a mulher responsáveis pela casa. Na segunda etapa identificou-se, a partir das análises da primeira, as pessoas que mantêm uma relação mais direta com o recurso, sendo aprofundadas questões sobre a espécie.Realizou-se também um estudo da influência dos regimes de manejo da paisagem sob as populações de S. tuberosa em cinco unidades de paisagens identificadas na região [área de serra (vegetação em regeneração a 50anos), base da serra (vegetação em regeneração a 15 anos), áreas de pastagens nativas, áreas de cultivo e áreas residenciais (jardins e quintais)]. Em cada unidade selecionou-se aleatoriamente 10 indivíduos para análises morfométricas. Aplicou-se o índice de diversidade morfológica, baseado no índice de Simpson, nas populações estudadas nas diferentes unidades de paisagens aqui consideradas. A partir da integração desses métodos, foi posível verificar que conhecimento acerca de S. Tuberosa está bem distribuído na comunidade. Não houve diferenças significativas entre gêneros e faixas etárias definidas no presente estudo. A categoria alimento foi a de maior destaque para essa espécie, tanto para alimentação humana quanto animal. A principal forma de manejo é a tolerância e a coleta dos seus frutos. Também foram observadas divergências morfológicas entre os indivíduos encontrados nas diferentes unidades de paisagens, destaque para as áreas mais antropizadas, onde os indivíduos apresentaram características fenotípicas mais interessantes para o consumo humano. Por outro lado a diversidade morfológica encontrada não difere estatisticamente entre essas áreas, estando isso provavelmente associado a tolerância dos indivíduos. Em função dos resultados, existe fortes indícios de que S. tuberosa possa estar sob domesticação incipiente, entretanto ainda são necessários estudos mais aprofundados, como o de genética quantitativa e de populações, para elucidar essa sinalização.

M.Sc. / Pteronia L. is a genus of 70 species of woody shrublets occurring mainly in southern Africa (Leistner, 2000). Published and unpublished ethnobotanical information exists for nine of the species. The uses of these species in traditional medicine are poorly recorded or have remained scientifically unknown. In addition, some unpublished vernacular names have been recorded during this study. Hutchinson and Phillips revised the genus Pteronia in 1917 and grouped the species into four sections. The nine ethnobotanically important species were placed in four sections: Incanae (P. incana and P. cinerea), Papillatae (P. lucilliodes and P. divaricata), Ciliatae (P. camphorata, P. stricta, P. onobromoides and P. adenocarpa) and Glabratae (P. succulenta). Pteronia onobromoides is the original source of Nama buchu that was first recorded by Van der Stel in 1685 (De Wet & Pheiffer, 1979), but which has remained poorly known. Surprisingly, this study has revealed the existence of an important Cape herbal medicine (P. divaricata) for which no record could be found in the scientific literature. Pteronia incana is not widely known for its traditional medicinal uses (although a few have indeed been recorded) but rather as a source of valuable essential oil that has been commercially exploited to some extent. Other species with at least one published anecdote of traditional use include P. adenocarpa, P. camphorata, P cinerea, P. lucilioides, P. stricta and P. succulenta. This means that a total of nine species are now known to have traditional medicinal and/or cosmetic uses. Most of the species are used for intestinal disorders (including stomach pain) and respiratory ailments (coughs, colds and influenza). The topical application of P. onobromoides and P. adenocarpa is clearly aimed at more than just a cosmetic effect and includes the alleviation of pain and the treatment of wounds and skin ailments. These uses all suggest that Pteronia species may have antimicrobial activity and also possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Pteronia adenocarpa is only known from a single literature record.

Infectious diarrhea results in 2 to 5 million deaths worldwide per year, and treatments that are safe, effective, and readily available are under investigation. The field of medicinal ethnobotany focuses on plants that are used by different cultural groups for treating various diseases and evaluates these plants for efficacy and cytotoxicity. In the present study, ethnobotanical research was conducted with Central Anatolian villagers in Turkey. Folk concepts and etiologies surrounding diarrhea were analyzed, as were salient plant-based remedies for diarrhea. Reviewing the literature, 91 plant species were described as anti-diarrheal in all of Turkey. In Central Anatolia, villagers described 35 species. For continued research via bactericidal and bacteriostatic bioassays, 15 plants were selected. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinally used plant parts were evaluated for inhibitory properties against 10 diarrhea-causing bacteria in the first bioassay, and later 21 bacteria in a second assay utilizing spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic properties were also evaluated in an Alamar Blue Assay using HepG-2, PC-3, and SkMEL-5 human cell lines. While several extracts showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties, the methanolic extract of R. canina galls inhibited the most bacteria at the lowest concentrations. They were not cytotoxic. Thus, R. canina methanolic gall extracts were selected for bio-assay guided fractionation. Antibacterial activity was maintained in the third fraction which was composed of almost pure ellagic acid. The bioassay was repeated with standard ellagic acid, and the polyphenol retained potency in inhibiting multiple bacterial strains. Several other extracts showed promise for safe, effective anti-bacterial remedies for diarrhea.

The subject matter of this study is animal names in the Hebrew Bible. Centring on a corpus-linguistic analysis of every word for an animal or type of animal used within the text, it sheds light on the methods and paradigms of categorisation used by the ancient Hebrews and thus on previously unknown aspects of their worldview. The discipline of cognitive linguistics, in particular the prototype theory of categories, is used to interpret the various types and levels of animal classification; a theory on spatiality as the main basis for classification is developed, and new light is shed on a wrongly undervalued theory of cleanness/uncleanness. This theoretical work is also applied to certain texts to prove its usefulness in helping with the translation and interpretation of problematic words and passages. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Ancient Languages / DLitt / Unrestricted