This research was undertaken as part of the Common Ground Research Forum (CGRF) in Kenora, Ontario. The CGRF was established to better understand collaboration in the context of cross-cultural relationships. The purpose of this research was to design a prototype of a fun, interactive interpretive experience that has the potential to build cross-cultural relationships among youth. The study employed a qualitative approach by utilising a combination of semi-structured individual and group interviews with Kenora residents and analysis of existing online platforms. Utilizing the data collected during the two fieldwork phases a prototype for the Lake of the Woods Discovery Centre (LWDC) was designed. Feedback from participants suggested that the prototype would be a good tool for improving cross-cultural relationships among Kenora youth in the long term. The prototype was submitted to the LWDC for implementation in collaboration with local high-schools.

The Saskatchewan River Delta (SRD) is the largest freshwater inland delta in North America, covering over 950 000 hectares in central Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The wetlands in the SRD provide valuable ecosystem services and support considerable biodiversity. The Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN) has expressed concerns regarding the loss of wildlife in the SRD, among other ecological concerns, due to anthropogenic development. Using an ethnoecological approach, the indigenous knowledge of the OCN was documented through an analysis of wetland-based practices. A variety of methods were employed in the research including participant observation, interviews, document review and verification workshops. Interviews held with community Elders also focused on the connections between a life on the land, well-being and cultural identity. The research revealed the need for a more holistic approach to management of the sensitive wetland ecosystems located with OCN traditional territory that reflects the changing values of the community.

The Saskatchewan River Delta (SRD) is the largest freshwater inland delta in North America, covering over 950 000 hectares in central Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The wetlands in the SRD provide valuable ecosystem services and support considerable biodiversity. The Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN) has expressed concerns regarding the loss of wildlife in the SRD, among other ecological concerns, due to anthropogenic development. Using an ethnoecological approach, the indigenous knowledge of the OCN was documented through an analysis of wetland-based practices. A variety of methods were employed in the research including participant observation, interviews, document review and verification workshops. Interviews held with community Elders also focused on the connections between a life on the land, well-being and cultural identity. The research revealed the need for a more holistic approach to management of the sensitive wetland ecosystems located with OCN traditional territory that reflects the changing values of the community.

Shoal Lake, Ontario has a complex history of resource developments and policy and legislation that has impacted Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation (IIFN) socially, economically and culturally and continues to influence the community’s contemporary fishing practices. The purpose of this research is to explore the linkages between contemporary fishing practices and IIFN members’ well-being. The study employs a mixed-method approach by utilizing a combination of household survey, semi-structured and open-ended interviews with expert IIFN fishers as well as participation in contemporary fishing practices. It presents both material and non-material benefits of contemporary IIFN fishing practices. Results indicate that IIFN members actively partake in fishing activities and continue to rely on fish as an essential part of their diet. Fishing practices also provide avenues for IIFN to convey cultural knowledge, strengthen social cohesion and help articulate a sense of Iskatewizaagegan identity. As such, they are integral to the community’s physical and psychological health as well as Iskatewizaagegan culture and spirituality.

Shoal Lake, Ontario has a complex history of resource developments and policy and legislation that has impacted Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation (IIFN) socially, economically and culturally and continues to influence the community’s contemporary fishing practices. The purpose of this research is to explore the linkages between contemporary fishing practices and IIFN members’ well-being. The study employs a mixed-method approach by utilizing a combination of household survey, semi-structured and open-ended interviews with expert IIFN fishers as well as participation in contemporary fishing practices. It presents both material and non-material benefits of contemporary IIFN fishing practices. Results indicate that IIFN members actively partake in fishing activities and continue to rely on fish as an essential part of their diet. Fishing practices also provide avenues for IIFN to convey cultural knowledge, strengthen social cohesion and help articulate a sense of Iskatewizaagegan identity. As such, they are integral to the community’s physical and psychological health as well as Iskatewizaagegan culture and spirituality.

No description available.

No / The use of non-cultivated plants in a daily diet based on local cuisines is potentially of considerable interest to nutritional scientists, because of the plants' role as local products and their potential as sources of novel nutraceuticals. In many Mediterranean regions these traditions are at risk of disappearing, hence the urgent need to study such knowledge systems. Accordingly, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the 850 inhabitants of the village of Castelmezzano, in central Lucania, which is located in the inland southern Italy. Seventy-five taxa of non-cultivated and semi-cultivated local food plants and mushrooms were documented, and uncommon food uses of a few species were reported for the first time. These include Bellavalia romana, Lepista nebularis and Onopordum illyricum. Most of the recorded non-cultivated food plants and mushrooms are cooked in oil or fat. Very few are consumed raw. This article discusses in detail the traditional culinary uses of these plants, their seasonality, ethnoecology, and their economic and nutritional potentials. The article also demonstrates how food agro-biodiversity is inextricably connected with cultural heritage.

The widespread proliferation (or 'encroachment') of trees and shrubs in grasslands over the past 150 years is embedded in both natural and human systems. This dissertation addressed the following ecological and ethnoecological questions. Can seedling traits help us understand why so few woody species have encroached markedly into North American desert grasslands, and the conditions likely to promote their proliferation? What is the role of informal knowledge of the environment in efforts to manage woody plant abundance? Woody seedling survival often depends on rapid taproot elongation. In glasshouse experiments, initial water supply markedly affected taproot elongation in young seedlings. Response patterns may help explain recruitment patterns in Larrea tridentata, the principal evergreen woody encroacher in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, and in Prosopis velutina and Prosopis glandulosa, the principal deciduous woody encroachers in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, respectively. P. velutina and P. glandulosa showed greater sensitivity to water supply levels at the seedling stage than did the similar, related non-encroachers, Acacia greggii, Parkinsonia florida and Parkinsonia aculeata . This enabled the Prosopis species to overcome lower seed and seedling biomass to achieve similar taproot length to A. greggii and the Parkinsonia species. Consequently, population level advantages of lower seed mass, such as high seed numbers, may enhance encroachment potential in the Prosopis species without being negated by corresponding seedling survivorship disadvantages. I used semi-structured interviews to document informal rangeland monitoring by ranchers in southeast Arizona. Ranchers used qualitative methods to assess forage availability, rangeland trends and responses to woody plant suppression measures. Informal rangeland assessments informed ranchers' management decisions on sub-yearly, yearly and multi-year timescales. Informal monitoring appeared largely compatible with formal monitoring and natural science, and most ranchers integrated the two systems. Informal rangeland assessments can be valuable in planning woody plant suppression measures, particularly in light of the small number of formal long-term studies of brush suppression. Ecological studies may help predict places and periods of relatively rapid encroachment, perhaps enabling early or pre-emptive brush suppression measures. Thus, both seedling ecology and informal environmental knowledge are likely to be useful in managing woody plant populations in desert grasslands.

In this thesis, I examined ethnobotanical uses, traditional knowledge and folk classification of moolks, Pacific crabapple (Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K. Schneid.; Rosaceae) for the Gitga’at First Nation of Hartley Bay, and measured morphological variation of sampled trees at the traditional harvesting location. This deciduous tree has historically been an important resource for food, materials and medicine for Indigenous Peoples throughout most of its range along the Pacific coast of North America. One of these groups is the Gitga’at people, whose knowledge is also interesting due to their recognition of approximately five unique varieties. I conducted interviews with seven Gitga’at elders, who recognize up to five distinct varieties moolks, based on fruit characteristics and harvesting location, each with its specific applications. The cultural importance of crabapples was documented through these interviews, as expressed in their folk taxonomy, linguistic knowledge, ethnobotanical uses and management strategies. In addition, I conducted a morphological and ecological study to examine the variability within and among 27 crabapple trees. To determine ecological and morphological variability of crabapples within its traditional harvesting area, I sampled foliage and fruits and measured their traits from individual trees and different sites, and recorded information about the localized habitat. While some fruit and leaf traits are correlated, I identified significant variation within and among trees making it hard to delineate the varieties as described by the elders. In conclusion, by using these two knowledge systems – traditional ecological knowledge and western scientific knowledge – to complement each other, it can result in a more detailed understanding of a botanical species, as they both present us with information about slightly different characteristics. In a rapidly changing world, we need as much collaboration as necessary to allow for resiliency. / Graduate / 0326 / 0309 / arbutus@uvic.ca

Orientador: Alpina Begossi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T00:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gianeli_ArlainedosSantosFrancisco_M.pdf: 807934 bytes, checksum: 343bcda056eb75e72a1cf338b739b983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A interação cotidiana com o ambiente marinho e com seus organismos leva pescadores artesanais a acumularem um conhecimento rico e particular acerca da biologia, da ecologia e da taxonomia de peixes. Assim, informações fornecidas pelos pescadores podem servir de subsídio para estudos ictiológicos, planos de conservação e manejo pesqueiro. Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Praia do Perequê, litoral de São Paulo, e é parte do projeto temático da BIOTA-FAPESP, subprojeto "Etnoecologia do Mar e da Terra na Costa Paulista da Mata Atlântica: Áreas de Pesca e Uso de Recursos Naturais". A Praia do Perequê está localizada na periferia do município do Guarujá e sofre as conseqüências da urbanização desordenada. O local abriga uma comunidade de pescadores que se dedicam à pesca do camarão e de peixes diversos. Os meus objetivos foram: traçar o perfil de pescadores de peixes e de camarão; inventariar as técnicas empregadas na captura das espécies estudadas; verificar e comparar com a literatura científica o conhecimento dos pescadores sobre habitat, dieta, reprodução e migração de peixes; analisar os critérios que os pescadores usam na classificação dos peixes. As informações foram obtidas com a utilização de questionários padronizados e fotos das espécies estudadas. Observei que os pescadores de camarão são em sua maioria migrantes provenientes de Santa Catarina, enquanto os pescadores de peixe são, na maioria, caiçaras nascidos no local. As técnicas de pesca são adequadas ao ambiente de captura do pescado e a escolha de iscas está relacionada com o hábito alimentar de cada espécie. Pescadores de peixe e camarão demonstraram conhecimento similar sobre técnicas de pesca. Tal similaridade pode ocorrer porque os dois grupos desenvolvem as atividades pesqueiras no mesmo local e entre as famílias de pescadores estão presentes membros que desenvolvem ambas as modalidades de pesca, o que pode propiciar a partilha do conhecimento. Em geral o conhecimento etnoecológico é condizente com o conhecimento científico. Tanto pescadores de peixe quanto os pescadores de camarão conhecem o habitat e a dieta das espécies mais capturadas, como: robalo, tainha, corvina, espada e garoupa. Ambos os grupos de pescadores fazem inferências sobre habitat e dieta a partir de aspectos morfológicos dos peixes. Conhecimentos sobre migração e reprodução por sua vez, foram mais escassos entre os pescadores estudados. Os pescadores apontam períodos específicos para ocorrência de tainha, corvina e anchova: a tainha e a corvina foram apontadas como espécies que se reproduzem no inverno, enquanto o robalo, o badejo e a garoupa se reproduzem em meses quentes. Essas espécies são de grande interesse comercial, o que pode explicar o conhecimento mais detalhado sobre elas em comparação com outras espécies menos conhecidas e de menor valor. Os pescadores do Perequê utilizaram a nomenclatura binomial especialmente em casos de ocorrência de mais de uma espécie por etnogênero. Os etnogêneros foram agrupados em etnofamílias principalmente de acordo com critérios morfológicos. As informações fornecidas apontaram particularidades que podem ser úteis no delineamento de planos de manejo adequados ao ambiente e à pesca local / Abstract: Artisanal fishermen can provide an elaborate and particular knowledge about biology, ecology and taxonomy of fish and about the ecosystem which they interact with. This knowledge is local and resulted from a continuity of resources use practices. Information supplied by fishermen can be the base for improvements of scientific research and to subsidis for conservation and fishery management plans. This study was conducted in the Perequê Beach, coast of São Paulo State. Perequê Beach is located in the periphery of the city of Guarujá, and suffers consequences of the disordered urbanization. Local people are dedicated especially to the shrimp and diverse fish fishery. The aims of this study were: to characterize local fishermen and fishery; to access the fishermen¿s knowledge concerning fish habitat, diet, reproduction and migration; to analyze the criteria that fishermen use in the classification of fish and to compare this knowledge with the scientific literature. Interviews using questionnaires and fish photographs were performed to obtain information regarding fishermen economical and social aspects and fish biology and ecology. The majority of shrimp fishermen are from Santa Catarina state while the fish fishermen are usually ¿caiçaras¿, local native. Fishery technologies and techniques are adjusted according to the environment and feeding habits of the target species. Both fish and shrimp fishermen demonstrated similar knowledge on fishes. Probably it can be related to the fact that both groups develop their activities in the same local and are members of families that develop the two modalities of fishery, sharing their knowledge. In general, the ethnoecological knowledge is in concordance with the scientific literature. Both fish and shrimp fishermen know the habitat and diet of the main fished species, as: snook (Centropomus spp.), mullet (Mugil platanus), croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), and groupers (Epinephelus marginatus e Mycteroperca acutirostris). Both fishermen groups make inferences on habitat and diet based on morphologic aspects. Knowledge on migration and reproduction was scarcer. The fishermen points out specific periods in respect to occurrence of mullet (M. platanus), croaker (M. furnieri) and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Mullet and croaker was suggested as a species that reproduces during the winter, while snook, and the groupers (E. marginatus e M. acutirostris) reproduce in hot months. These species have a great commercial interest that can explain the more detailed knowledge in detriment of others of lesser value. The Perequê fishermen use the binomial classification particularly in cases where there are more than one species in the same genus. The species were grouped in ethnofamilies mainly in accordance with morphologic criteria. The supplied information suggested particularities that can be useful in the management plans delineation in compliance with environment and its fishery place / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia