En construction navale militaire, les navires sont conçus pour résister à des menaces conventionnelles comme les mines ou les torpilles. Ces conceptions s’appuient sur des calculs aux explosions sous-marines lointaines qui sont bien maîtrisées aujourd’hui. Depuis la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, cette thématique a en effet bénéficié d’importants travaux de recherche. Ceux-ci ont abouti à des méthodes numériques robustes qui permettent de simuler l’essentiel des phénomènes caractérisant ces événements. Ces méthodes, utilisées en ingénierie, s’appuient cependant sur des hypothèses restrictives qui limitent leur champ d’application. Elles sont discriminantes si l’on souhaite simuler les explosions sous-marines en champ proche, caractérisées par des phénomènes fortement non-linéaires. Dans ce cadre, on adapte la méthode éléments finis Euler-Lagrange Multi-Matériaux avec Couplage Euler-lagrange, pour simuler ces problèmes. Les évolutions présentées dans la thèse s’articulent autour de deux points. (1) La méthode est développée en deux dimensions pour résoudre les problèmes 2D axisymétriques avec une rapidité et une précision accrues par rapport aux simulations 3D. (2) La projection des résultats 2D sur des grilles de calculs différentes 2D ou 3D est implémentée. Cette technique de projection permet de résoudre le problème complet par des phases successives dont la physique se situe sur des échelles de temps et d’espace très différentes, et qui nécessitent des maillages adaptés. Les développements effectués sont finalement intégrés dans le code de calcul LS-DYNA version 5.1.1, et validés pour les différentes phases du problème à partir de résultats théoriques et expérimentaux. / In military shipbuilding, ships are designed to withstand conventional threats such as mines or torpedoes. These designs are based on calculations of structural response to underwater explosions in far field, what is relatively well controlled today. The thematic of underwater explosions has indeed benefited from extensive research since the Second World War. This has resulted in robust numerical methods to simulate the main phenomena that characterize such events. These methods used in engineering are based on assumptions that limit their scope. These restrictions are discriminatory when we attempt to simulate underwater explosions in near field which are mainly nonlinear phenomena. In this context, the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method with Euler-Lagrange coupling is chosen to simulate these problems. To make the method more easily applicable in engineering, its adaptation is based on two points. (1) Firstly the method is developed for two-dimensional cases in order to solve 2D axisymmetric problems with higher speed and accuracy compared to 3D simulations. (2) Then the projection of results from two-dimensional analysis on 2D or 3D grids is implemented. The projection from one grid to the other allows solving the whole problem through successive phases for physics on very different time scales and space scales, what necessitates adapted meshes. The developments are implemented in LS-DYNA code for the revised version 5.1.1 and validated for the different phases of the problem from theoretical and experimental results.

The main focus of this thesis is to design effective trajectories with minimum energy consumption for underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROV) in the environment with ocean current. The complete motion behavior of the ROV includes surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. Both the surge and sway are easy to be influenced by ocean current. The basic mission for the ROV is always from one starting point to a desired target position. An optimum trajectory with the minimum energy consumption not only can make the best use of energy, but also can improve maneuver efficiency for either manual operation or automatic control. In order to solve this problem, the optimal theorem is applied. The Matlab simulation tool is employed to demonstrate the response and performance of the ROV using the proposed trajectories. In addition, the applicably operational range for the ROV can also be determined when thrust limits are considered. Such information presents the extreme maneuver capability of the ROV in the ocean current.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11906_71 - Suellen Freire Rigatto da Cruz.pdf: 3217831 bytes, checksum: e325a62e435db78eab3a87001876c20f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-08 / O petróleo continuará sendo a maior fonte de combustível nos próximos anos. No entanto, a extração de petróleo resulta em problemas como a formação de incrustação nas diversas etapas do processo de produção. O problema da incrustação, que ocorre a partir do processo de deposição, consiste quando as partículas depositadas reduzem, total ou parcialmente, o espaço aberto ao fluxo, resultando em um aumento de perda de carga e em uma redução na produção petrolífera. As deposições de partículas representam um problema significativo na indústria de petróleo e gás, sendo de grande relevância pesquisas nessa área. No presente trabalho, a deposição de partículas, em um escoamento turbulento e bifásico, no interior de uma tubulação horizontal foi modelada, com o software Ansys Fluent®, a partir da abordagem Euler-Lagrange com o Modelo de Fase Discreta Densa (DDPM) e da abordagem Euler-Granular. Devido ao elevado custo computacional decorrente do grande número de partículas injetadas, os resultados apontam que a abordagem Euler-Lagrange com o modelo DDPM não é adequada para resolver problemas envolvendo escoamentos com elevadas frações volumétricas de partículas, sendo mais adequada a abordagem Euler-Granular. O estudo também mostra a influência de determinados parâmetros no processo de deposição de partículas. Os aumentos nas taxas de deposição de partículas são diretamente proporcionais aos aumentos de rugosidade da parede da tubulação e de diâmetro das partículas. Os resultados também mostram valores de tempo computacional, velocidade e fração volumétrica de partículas que permitem uma melhor visualização do fenômeno de deposição para um tempo computacional requerido viável para o sistema computacional utilizado.

We consider systems of Euler-Lagrange equations with two degrees of freedom and with Lagrangian being quadratic in velocities. For this class of equations the generic case of the equivalence problem is solved with respect to point transformations. Using Lie's infinitesimal method we construct a basis of differential invariants and invariant differentiation operators for such systems. We describe certain types of Lagrangian systems in terms of their invariants. The results are illustrated by several examples.

Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2004

A ”Haptic servo system” is here understood as a servo system whereforces from a controlled system are fed back to an operator. This thesis workis a design work where the work among other things comprises the choice ofsuitable motors, one for operating the beam and another one for operatingthe steering wheel. Data for the beam and ball are assumed to be known.Data for the feed back torque to the steering wheel is assumed to be specifiedin advance. Two models to represent the human response are suggested. Asimulation study is carried out to show that the system works according tosome specification. The ball and beam process is simulated with hardwarein the loop. The hardware in the loop is a Maxon motor. The motor is usedas the steering wheel and the motor will also propagate the torque feedbackto the operator.The task of the thesis work could then be formulated as: Can a human, withtorque feedback, manually control the ball on the beam without looking atthe ball and the beam?

This thesis is mainly concerned with problems in the areas of the Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The properties of the functional to minimize with respect to the given topology play an important role in the existence of minimizers of integral problems. We will introduce the important concepts of quasiconvexity and polyconvexity. Inspired by finite element methods from Numerical Analysis, we introduce a perturbed problem which has some surprising uniqueness properties.

Univ., Diss--Augsburg, 2005.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2005.

La combustion d’hydrocarbures représente encore aujourd’hui une part très majoritaire de la production d’énergie mondiale, en particulier dans la propulsion aérospatiale. La plupart des brûleurs industriels sont alimentés par un carburant sous forme liquide, qui est injecté directement dans la chambre de combustion, ce qui génère une forte interaction entre le spray, l’écoulement turbulent et la zone de combustion. Cette interaction a déjà largement été étudiée, mais certaines questions restent ouvertes. En particulier, la prise en compte de la combustion de goutte isolée dans le cadre de la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles (‘Large Eddy Simulation’ LES) de géométries complexes reste un problème difficile. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’améliorer la modélisation de la combustion du spray dans le contexte de la LES de configurations complexes avec une approche Euler-Lagrange. Dans un premier temps, un modèle de combustion de gouttes incluant les différents régimes pour la LES, appelé MustARD pour « Multi-State Algorithm for Reacting Droplets », est proposé et validé dans plusieurs configurations académiques de complexité croissante. Dans un deuxième temps, MustARD est évalué sur une configuration de brûleur expérimental et comparé aux modèles classiques sans combustion de gouttes isolées. Cette étude montre que le régime de combustion de gouttes isolées n’est pas négligeable dans une telle configuration et qu’il modifie la structure de flamme. D’autre part, les comparaisons avec les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le modèle MustARD permet d’améliorer la précision des LES de sprays turbulents réactifs.