Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

The criminal justice as well as the persons participating in criminal proceedings, they both are currently facing number of newly posed challenges and unanswered questions so far, due to the onward going integration of the European Union and much closer cooperation of the Member States, in the field of the Procedural Criminal Law. There have been established many new institutions within the field of the European Union in last few years and there were adopted many legal tools which directly influence the cooperation between the judicial and police authorities of individual countries. In connection with newly emerging forms of the crime and more coherent cooperation of the perpetrators of severe crime, the relevant authorities at the union level as well as at the national level encounter situations not being resolved at all, or which are specified by theoretical standards only and have not been put into practice yet. Due to the diversity and abundance of the legal tools and institutions which interfere the criminal law sphere without adjusting their mutual cooperation or without having sorted out the priority of application in many cases, the author of this thesis considers as an appropriate to have such comprehensive view to this relevant issue introduced to the specialized public, as well as having...

Pour contrer la menace de la criminalité organisée qui ne se cesse de se développer en devenant l’un des plus graves enjeux au sein de l’UE, les États membres se trouvent dans l’obligation de renforcer la coopération pénale contre celle-ci. Avec le traité de Maastricht puis la création de l’ELSJ par le traité d’Amsterdam dont la lutte contre la criminalité organisée constitue le moteur essentiel, les États membres expriment leur volonté pour s’organiser les actions et s’unir contre les menaces de la criminalité organisée. Toutefois, ces deux phases ont montré l’ineffectivité de la répression ; la paralysie et beaucoup de faiblesses. Avec son entrée en vigueur en 2009, le traité de Lisbonne commence une nouvelle ère de la lutte contre la criminalité organisée au sein de l’ELSJ. Cependant, même en intégrant ses avancées, il n’amorce pas la rationalisation nécessaire du cadre juridique qu’institutionnel de l’ELSJ contre la criminalité organisée. Des fortes crises que l’UE et l’ELSJ ont connues posent des questions sur la confiance nationale dans cet espace et cette union. La présente thèse cherche à identifier le rôle actuel et futur de l’UE en matière pénale contre la criminalité organisée au sein d’un espace où la libre circulation est le principe. Le rôle attendu ne peut se réaliser réellement qu’à travers d’un système pénal autonome où l’UE a la main forte à l’appliquer dans un climat de confiance et le respect des droits fondamentaux ; des systèmes juridiques d’États membres et leur souveraineté nationale. Dans cette perspective, une modification radicale qui touche à la nature de l’UE et son rôle sera indispensable. Mais qui a la volonté de faire la révolution ? / To counter the threat of organized crime, which is constantly growing and becoming one of the most serious issues in the European Union, member states are under an obligation to strengthen penal cooperation against it. With the Maastricht Treaty, and the creation of the area of freedom, security and justice by Amsterdam Treaty, of which the fight against organized crime is the essential driving force, the Member States express their will to organize their actions and unite against the threats of organized crime. However, these phases have shown the ineffectiveness of the repression; paralysis and a lot of weaknesses. With its entry into force in 2009, Lisbon Treaty begins a new era in the fight against organized crime within the AFSJ. However, even in integrating its progress, it does not initiate the necessary rationalization of the institutional legal framework of the AFSJ against organized crime. Strong crises that the EU and the AFSJ have experienced raise questions about national confidence in this area and the EU. This thesis seeks to identify the current and future role of the European Union within a space where free movement is the principle. The expected role can only really be achieved through an autonomous criminal system where the EU has a strong ability in applying it in a climate of trust and respect for fundamental rights; legal systems of member states and their national sovereignty. In this perspective, a radical change that concerns the nature of the EU will be essential. But who has the will to make the revolution?