Coastal and shallow lakes are often subjected to eutrophication due to nutrients from catchment farming activities. Lake Ellesmere (Te Waihora) is a hyper-eutrophic lake which has gained recent attention because of concerns over its ecological health and fishery status. This study investigated the benthic ecology of the lake by extensive spatial and temporal sampling. Eight littoral sites were sampled on a single occasion, and 20 benthic sites were sampled once per season for one year. Water chemistry conditions, substrate and invertebrate communities varied significantly around the lake. Salinity, pH, DO and seston were primarily affected by freshwater inputs from inflow streams and salt water intrusion due to the lake opening to the sea. On these occasions, salinity reached 32 ‰ at the lake outlet. The lake invertebrate community was depauperate, comprising of only two species of invertebrate predators restricted to the littoral zone and eight benthic invertebrate taxa, dominated by oligochaetes, amphipods and chironomids. Benthic invertebrate abundances also reflect the dominant local substrate, where oligochaetes and chironomids preferred areas of silt substrate, whereas Potamopyrgus preferred harder substrate. Stable isotope and gut analysis determined that the primary food sources within the lake were phytoplankton and algae. Macrophytes provided a minimal contribution to the food web, possibly relating to the change in status from a clear water, macrophyte dominated lake to a turbid, phytoplankton dominated condition since the Wahine Storm in 1968. Isotope analysis also showed that the lake food web was markedly different in its carbon values from food webs of its inflow streams and nearby marine source. However the lake food web did show a marine-derived carbon signature. A mesocosm experiment testing the effect of common lentic predators on the abundance of the lake chironomid Chironomus zealandicus, showed that if invertebrate predators were present in the lake they could markedly reduce the abundance of the pest prey species. This study highlights that the frequent re-suspension of bottom sediments, lake level fluctuation resulting in wetting and drying of littoral zones, and the management of the lake opening to the sea all have an effect on the benthic ecology of Te Waihora.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Geography. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/08/04). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duke University, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen, 1991. / Thesis statement, summary, and afterword in Dutch. "Stellingen" inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-126).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by RACHEL SANTINI PAULINO null (rachel_santini@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-04T13:58:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado 2.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-04T14:13:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulino_rs_me_jabo.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T14:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulino_rs_me_jabo.pdf: 1550212 bytes, checksum: 709a7ceb2f2c96479c741d61c71f0143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O estresse oxidativo causado pela produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) é uma das respostas que as plantas apresentam frente a um estresse ambiental. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo das macrófitas aquáticas Crinum americanum e Spartina alterniflora em duas condições: salinidade e nutrientes que ocorrem no estuário do rio Itanhaém (SP). Raízes e folhas (5 plantas) de C. americanum foram coletadas em cada área (5 amostras/área). O material vegetal para análises de clorofila (a+b), carotenóides, peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), malonaldeído (MDA) e enzimas antioxidantes SOD e CAT foram acondicionado em N2 líquido no campo e posteriormente armazenado em freezer a -80 °C. Também foram coletados em cada réplica material vegetal para avaliar o teor de N e P totais da planta e do sedimento Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: C. americanum e S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse oxidativo em alto e médio estuário, respectivamente; Os indivíduos de S. alterniflora sofreram maior estresse na área de lançamento de esgoto. / The oxidative stress caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the responses that plants exhibit facing environmental stress. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidative stress of the aquatic macrophytes Crinum americanum and Spartina alterniflora under two conditions: salinity and nutrients that occur in the estuary of the Itanhaém river (SP). Roots and leaves (5 plants) of C. americanum were collected in each area (5 samples / area). The plant material for analysis of chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids, H2O2, MDA and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT with platform in N2 without field and liquid in freezer at -80 ° C. Vegetable material was also collected in each replicate to evaluate the total N and P content of the plant and of the sediment. The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed that: C. americanum and S. alterniflora suffered higher oxidative stress in upper and middle estuary, respectively; The State of São Paulo changes have suffered greater stress in the area of sewage / 2018SLR05032

Orientador: Sérgio Luís de Carvalho / Banca: Liliane Lazzari Albertin / Banca: Alessandro Minillo / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo realizado no Baixo São José dos Dourados (BSJD), localizado no Noroeste Paulista e está inserido na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI) 18. O trabalho foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011, com o intuito de determinar o grau de trofia da água por meio do cálculo do índice de estado trófico (IET). Foram previamente estabelecidos 4 pontos de coletas que contemplavam as entradas diretas e difusas no trecho represado do curso d'água em questão (pontos 1 e 2), intermediário (3) e próximo de sua confluência com o rio Paraná (ponto 4). As amostras coletadas foram superficiais, de meio e de aproximadamente 1m acima do leito, e as coletas foram realizadas nos meses de fevereiro, março e novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, totalizando 4 coletas. Depois de levadas as amostras ao laboratório foram determinados três parâmetros distintos, a clorofila-a, a concentração do fósforo total e a concentração do ortofosfato, a transparência da água foi determinada no local da coleta. Após determinados os parâmetros necessários estabeleceu-se os índices, utilizando o método de Carlson (1977) modificado por Toledo Jr et al. (1983) e também o método de Lamparelli (2004). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os pontos amostrados encontravam-se predominantemente em estado de eutrofia e ultraoligotrofia para cada método respectivamente. Esta condição infere sobre os riscos da degradação do ambiente, sob seus usos múltiplos, bem como a sua saúde ambiental. O trabalho também permitiu observar que, em termos de aplicação, o melhor índice adotado foi o de Toledo Jr et al. (1983), que foi capaz de detectar baixos valores de concentrações dos parâmetros analisados. Dessa forma, a utilização do IET foi uma maneira prática de se avaliar a qualidade de corpos d'água, facilitando a interpretação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper describes the research in the Lower São José dos Dourados (BSJD), located in the northwest region and is inserted in the Unit of Water Resources Management (UGRHI) 18. The study was conducted from February 2010 to January 2011 with the aim of determining the trophic state of water by calculating the trophic state index (TSI). Were previously established four collection points that contemplated the direct inputs and fuzzy in the dammed stretch of the watercourse in question (points 1 and 2), intermediate (3) and near its confluence with the Paraná River (point 4). The samples were superficial, midldle, and approximately of 1m above the riverbed, and samples were collected during February, March and November 2010 and January 2011, a total of four samples. Once taken the samples to the laboratory were determined three distinct parameters, chlorophyll-a, the concentration of total phosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations, water transparency was determined at the collection site. After some necessary parameters are established indices, using the method of Carlson (1977) modified by Toledo Jr et al. (1983) and also the method of Lamparelli (2004). The results show that the sampling sites were predominantly in a state of eutrophication and ultraoligotrofia for each method respectively. This condition infers about the risks of environmental degradation, under its multiple uses, as well as its environmental health. The work also noted that, in terms of application, the best index was the one of Toledo Jr et al. (1983), who was able to detect low concentrations values of parameters. Thus, the use of EIT was a practical way to assess the quality of water bodies, facilitating the interpretation and dissemination of results and, when applied to water bodies in the same region, allows rapid comparative assessment of trophic status them / Mestre

Orientador: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba Tavares / Banca: Antônio Fernando Monteiro Camargo / Banca: Sidinei Magela Thomaz / Resumo: A aquicultura tem se intensificado nos últimos anos, produzindo efluentes que podem gerar eutrofização nos corpos d'água receptores, além de introdução de espécies exóticas e disseminação de doenças no ambiente, por serem enriquecidos com compostos como nitrogênio e fósforo. Como forma alternativa para tratamento de efluentes são propostos os ―wetlands‖ construídos, baseados em ―wetlands‖ naturais, ecossistemas que ficam parcial ou totalmente inundados durante o ano, conhecidos como várzeas de rios, igapós, pântanos, entre outros. As pesquisas com ―wetlands‖ construídos no efluente do sistema de aquicultura do Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP) de Jaboticabal-SP vêm sendo realizadas desde 1992. Nesta dissertação foi avaliada a dinâmica e capacidade de remoção de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos através do ―wetland‖ construído com macrófitas aquáticas, enraizadas e flutuantes, no efluente final do CAUNESP, que recebe também resíduos do processamento de fezes animais em biodigestores e elevado fluxo de água de chuva. A dissertação foi dividida em dois capítulos; o primeiro refere-se aos dados obtidos em 2008, sobre a caracterização das entradas de água no sistema, assim como a eficiência de remoção de nutrientes e coliformes termotolerantes em período de seca e chuva. O segundo capítulo apresenta os dados obtidos entre 2009 e 2010, após o wetland passar por uma reestruturação, onde foi avaliada a eficiência de remoção e a atuação das macrófitas e sedimento nesse processo / Abstract: The intensification of aquaculture during the last few years has produced effluents that may cause eutrophication in water bodies, the introduction of exotic species and the dissemination of diseases in the environment. This is due to the fact that water bodies are enriched with compounds such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Constructed wetlands, based on natural ones, have been suggested as an alternative for the treatment of these effluents. In fact, wetlands are natural ecosystems that are totally or partially flooded during the year and are knowns as floodplains of rivers and swamps. Research with constructed wetland in the final effluent of the Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP) in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil has been held since 1992. This dissertation evaluated the dynamics and capacity of the removal organic and inorganic substances through a constructed wetland with macrophytes, rooted and floating in the effluent of CAUNESP, which also receives waste from the processing of animal faeces in biodigesters and high flow of rainwater. This dissertation was divided into two chapters, the first of which refers to data obtained in 2008, on identifying the characteristics of each inlet in the system as well as the removal efficiency of nutrients and fecal coliform in the dry and wet climatic periods. The second chapter presents the data obtained between 2009 and 2010, after going through a restructuring wetland, which was evaluated the removal efficiency of this period as well as the role of macrophytes and sediment in the process / Mestre