Concerning the importance and the necessity of fitting food services to actual lawmaking and knowing the difficulty found in it, the present paper aimed to systemize a Tool (Evaluation List, Plan of Action and Touching Collaborators) to support Good Practices. The present study was realized in twenty three, 23, downtown food services, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, through a proportional stratified sample of eight restaurants, eleven snack bars and four bakeries. A List of Evaluation of Good Practices for Food Services (LEGPFS) was made, specific for RDC 21604 ANVISA. This list was applied for a professional technician and for the company, in March and October, respectively. After that, a simple Plan of Action to facilitate the process of fitting was suggested. Samples of swabs to verify Staphylococcus coagulase positive and total count of mesophyll aerobics microorganisms and were collected from manipulators and from surfaces after hygiene, before and after the use of the tool. All collaborators were invited to participate of a touching concerning microbiological analysis and formulary applied to participants, evaluated by the results of LEGPFS. The results showed a significant difference (p<0,05) after the application of LEGPFS such for the technician as to the company, according to the fitting percentage. It was observed a significant improve (p<0,05) in following lawmaking after the use of the tool. The touching was considered efficient and there was a fitting to the process of hands and surfaces hygiene. In conclusion, the tool elaborated was valid to support food services in fitting actual lawmaking. / Tendo em vista a importância e a necessidade de adequação dos serviços de alimentação à legislação vigente e sabendo-se da dificuldade encontrada, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, sistematizar uma Ferramenta (Lista de Avaliação, Plano de Ação e Sensibilização de colaboradores) de apoio às Boas Práticas. O presente estudo foi realizado em 23 serviços de alimentação do Bairro Centro, da cidade de Santa Maria-RS, a partir de uma amostra estratificada proporcional de 8 restaurantes, 11 lanchonetes e 4 padarias/ confeitarias. Elaborou-se uma Lista de Avaliação de Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação (LABPSA), específica para RDC 216/04 - ANVISA. Ela foi aplicada por profissional técnico e pela empresa, em março e outubro de 2006, respectivamente. Após a aplicação da LABPSA, sugeriu-se um modelo simples de Plano de Ação para facilitar o processo de adequação. Realizaram-se coletas de swabs nas mãos dos manipuladores e nas superfícies, após a higienização, para verificação de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem total de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, antes e após o uso da Ferramenta. Todos os colaboradores foram convidados a participar de uma sensibilização, avaliada pelos resultados da LABPSA, das análises microbiológicas e de formulário aplicado aos participantes. Constatou-se diferença significativa (p< 0,05) após a aplicação da LABPSA tanto técnica quanto pela empresa, de acordo com o percentual de adequação. Houve também uma melhora significativa (p< 0,05) no atendimento à legislação após a utilização da ferramenta. A sensibilização foi considerada eficaz e houve adequação no processo de higienização das mãos e superfícies. Em suma, a ferramenta elaborada foi válida para apoiar os serviços de alimentação nas adequações exigidas pela legislação atual.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The World Health Organization estimates that the diseases caused by contaminated food constitute one of the most widespread sanitary problems. Currently, the food prepared at home have had great influence on the ocurrence of outbreaks of Diseases Transmitted by Food (DTFs), as a result of hygienic failures in the manipulation of foods. Taking this situation into account, this work aimed to develop and apply an education program on good practice for the manipulation of foods at home. The present study was conducted in 615 houses distributed in the 8 Administrative Regions (AR) of the city of Santa Maria RS, between March and November 2011. In order to make the diagnosis, the person in charge of the manipulation of foods at home was asked to complete a form covering personal data, knowledge and practice of food safety. Also, a List of Evaluation of Good Practice at Home (LEGPH) was applied to identify the level of hygienic and sanitary conditions in home kitchens. After the diagnosis, an education program was developed using the most popular means of communication reported by the population for a further reapplication of the LEGPH in a third of the sample of homes with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of this program. Through the application of the form, it was found that the urban central region differed in most cases from the north, south, central-west and western regions. The level of education of the interviewees influenced on the classification of the houses, that is, the higher the level of education, the higher the level of adequacy. After the education program, it was verified that there was no significant difference in the level of adequacy of the houses when compared to the first application, however, an enhancement was observed in almost all of the items of the LEGPH. Since it is difficult to modify practices and habits of the population with only three months of educational actions, it is suggested the need to continue with programs on the consciousness-raising process of the population due to the risks related to food manipulation, seeking a food safety perspective and an improvement of the quality of life of the population. / A Organização Mundial de Saúde estima que as enfermidades causadas por alimentos contaminados constituem um dos problemas sanitários mais difundidos no mundo. Atualmente, os alimentos preparados nos domicílios têm grande influência na ocorrência de surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTAs), como resultado de falhas higiênicas na manipulação dos alimentos. Tendo em vista o exposto, objetivou-se desenvolver e aplicar um programa educativo sobre boas práticas na manipulação de alimentos nos domicílios. O presente estudo foi realizado em 615 domicílios distribuídos nas 8 Regiões Administrativas (RA) da cidade de Santa Maria RS, nos meses de março a novembro de 2011. Para a realização do diagnóstico, aplicou-se um formulário com o responsável pela manipulação de alimentos nos domicílios, abrangendo dados pessoais, conhecimentos e práticas em segurança dos alimentos, assim como foi aplicada uma Lista de Avaliação das Boas Práticas nos Domicílios (LABPD) para identificar o nível higiênico-sanitário das cozinhas domiciliares. Após o diagnóstico, foi desenvolvido um programa educativo utilizando os meios de comunicação de maior acesso relatados pela população para, posteriormente, reaplicação da LABPD em um terço da amostra de domicílios com o intuito de avaliar a eficácia desse programa. Constatou-se, através da aplicação do formulário, que a região centro urbano diferiu-se, na maioria das vezes, da região norte, sul, centro-oeste e oeste. O nível de escolaridade dos entrevistados influenciou na classificação dos domicílios, ou seja, quanto maior o nível de escolaridade, maior o nível de adequação. Após o programa educativo, verificou-se que não houve uma diferença significativa no nível de adequação dos domicílios quando comparada com a primeira aplicação; no entanto, observou-se uma melhora em quase todos os itens da LABPD. Por ser difícil modificar práticas e hábitos da população com apenas três meses de ações educativas, sugere-se a necessidade de continuidade de programas no processo de conscientização da população, em virtude dos riscos relacionados à manipulação dos alimentos, buscando uma perspectiva de segurança alimentar e melhoria da qualidade de vida da coletividade.

The impact of acculturation and poor social support as potential risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease amongst Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.) is a developing area of research. One theory is that acculturation to U.S. society is negatively associated with health due to the stress of immigration as well as the less healthy diet and lifestyle in the U.S. It is also theorized that positive social support is associated with better health during immigration due to the buffering effect relationships have on stress. Despite these theories, mixed findings have been found regarding the associations between acculturation and social support to health outcomes in this population. Some research has also noted that significant differences exist between the manner in which men and women experience social support and their acculturation patterns. Consequently, the primary purpose of this study was to test the associations between acculturation and health as well as assess gender, social support, and acculturation for potential moderator effects in a sample of Mexican immigrants in Provo, Utah. Acculturation was measured using the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARMSA-II) which consists of the Anglo Orientation Scale (AOS) and Mexican Orientation Scale (MOS). Social support was determined using both the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and Sarason Social Support Questionnaire (SSSQ) which has two dimensions: satisfaction with support network and size of support network. Hierarchical multiple regression did not find significant associations between acculturation or social support and health outcomes as measured by ambulatory blood pressure or blood draw values including triglycerides, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A significant association was observed between Anglo Orientation and social support as measured by the ISEL-II. A moderation effect was observed between gender and Anglo orientation with satisfaction in one's support network. No other moderation effects were observed in this study. Implications of the findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Studies have identified metabolic health factors to be a major concern in Mexican-Americans, including Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.). Acculturation stress has been hypothesized to be a factor in the development of many health-related concerns in this population. Specifically, previous studies have shown that acculturation stress contributes to health concerns, including metabolic health concerns (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural orientation, a measure of acculturation designed to provide more information than traditional acculturation measures, and metabolic health outcomes. Specific acculturation-related stressors (social support, job-related stress, and depression) were hypothesized mediators in this relationship among a convenience sample of 98 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and years in the U.S. Data were collected twice with a three year interval to examine change over time. Changes in these constructs were examined through the use of Growth Modeling with Bayesian estimation. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure Anglo Cultural Orientation and Mexican Cultural Orientation. Standard blood analyses were used to measure metabolic health outcomes, which included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and glucose. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) was used to measure social support, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to measure job-related stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. No change was identified in Anglo Cultural Orientation or Mexican Cultural Orientation over time in the majority of subjects. A positive relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and HbA1c was found, as was a negative relationship between Mexican Cultural Orientation and HbA1c. Mediation analyses showed a mediation effect of depression on the relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and glucose. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie spreek die emosionele skoolgereedheid van voorskoolse kinders aan. Die voorskoolse kind met sy basiese emosies vanuit sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief word in die studie van naderby beskou. Tydens die studie is die basiese emosies volgens Plutchik (1980) wat bepalend vir die emosionele skoolgereedheid van die skooltoetreder is, geidentifiseer. Na aanleiding van nuwe insigte waartoe gekom is, het die navorser 'n eie emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys volgens Plutchik (1980) se basiese emosies antwerp, wat as 'n maatstaf vir die evaluering van emosionele skoolgereedheid kan dien. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is onderneem om te bepaal of 'n aantal proefpersone volgens n emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys emosioneel skoolgereed is al dan nie. Emosionele tekorte is vanuit die emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys geidentifiseer, waarna diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke vir emosionele skoolgereedmaking kortliks bespreek is. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges kan die diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke as hulpmiddel gebruik om emosionele tekorte, wat moontlik 'n blokkasie vir emosionele skoolgereedheid inhou, aan te spreek. / This stidu addresses the emotional school preparedness (readiness) of pre-primary children. The pre-primary child with his basic emotions from a psychological educational perspective is examined more closely in this study. During this study the basic emotions according to Plutchik {1980) that determine the emotional school readiness of the school entrant, were identified. On account of new insights gained, the researcher designed a school readiness evaluation list of her own according to Plutchik's (1980) basic emotions. This list can serve as a guideline for the evaluation of emotional school readiness. An empirical study was undertaken to determine whether a number of experimental subjects {children) were ready for school or not. Emotional deficiencies were identified by means of the emotional school readiness evaluation list, whereafter diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for the emotional preparation of children were briefly discussed. Educational psychologists can use these diagnostic and therapeutic techniques as an aid to address emotional deficiencies, which may impede the emotional school readiness of children. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie spreek die emosionele skoolgereedheid van voorskoolse kinders aan. Die voorskoolse kind met sy basiese emosies vanuit sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief word in die studie van naderby beskou. Tydens die studie is die basiese emosies volgens Plutchik (1980) wat bepalend vir die emosionele skoolgereedheid van die skooltoetreder is, geidentifiseer. Na aanleiding van nuwe insigte waartoe gekom is, het die navorser 'n eie emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys volgens Plutchik (1980) se basiese emosies antwerp, wat as 'n maatstaf vir die evaluering van emosionele skoolgereedheid kan dien. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is onderneem om te bepaal of 'n aantal proefpersone volgens n emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys emosioneel skoolgereed is al dan nie. Emosionele tekorte is vanuit die emosionele skoolgereedheidsevalueringslys geidentifiseer, waarna diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke vir emosionele skoolgereedmaking kortliks bespreek is. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges kan die diagnostiese en terapeutiese tegnieke as hulpmiddel gebruik om emosionele tekorte, wat moontlik 'n blokkasie vir emosionele skoolgereedheid inhou, aan te spreek. / This stidu addresses the emotional school preparedness (readiness) of pre-primary children. The pre-primary child with his basic emotions from a psychological educational perspective is examined more closely in this study. During this study the basic emotions according to Plutchik {1980) that determine the emotional school readiness of the school entrant, were identified. On account of new insights gained, the researcher designed a school readiness evaluation list of her own according to Plutchik's (1980) basic emotions. This list can serve as a guideline for the evaluation of emotional school readiness. An empirical study was undertaken to determine whether a number of experimental subjects {children) were ready for school or not. Emotional deficiencies were identified by means of the emotional school readiness evaluation list, whereafter diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for the emotional preparation of children were briefly discussed. Educational psychologists can use these diagnostic and therapeutic techniques as an aid to address emotional deficiencies, which may impede the emotional school readiness of children. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)