The heterogeneous population in South Africa when coupled with the political trend set by the government of the day is of the utmost importance to the country and its people. The strive towards an educational system in which inhabitants. can achieve their potential, economic growth can be promoted, the quality of living can be improved and equal standards of education can become reality, cannot be realized without enough, well trained and talented teachers. According to the HSRC-investigation into Education (1981), one of the most urgent problems in black education is the critical shortage of professional and efficient teachers. This aspect has thus to do with both the quantity and quality of the teachers. The population explosion in the black communities and the resulting increase in the number of scholars demanding education are reasons for great concern. The number of black teachers being trained, must increase tremendously to cope with the growing demand. The standard of education is determined by two factors namely the quality of the person being trained and the quality of his training. To train and supply new teachers one has to reckon with both the qualitative and quantitative aspects. In supplying enough, new teachers, quality should however never be sacrificed for quantity. A balance between the two is necessary to ensure that good education will be provided for the increasing number of black children. The following aims have been formulated for this research * An evaluation of teacher training amongst blacks as it developed from the earliest times in order to determine causes for present problems. * An evaluation of present educational opportunities for black teachers to determine deficiencies. * Stipulation of directives and measures to combat the expected shortage of professionally, trained teachers. In addition to the formulation of aims the following have also received consideration in Chapter one * research methodology : the methods that have been employed in the course of the research are a study of relevant literature, the method of fundamental contemplation and the historically descriptive method * delimitation of areas and explanation of certain concepts * the structure of the research. Following the exhaustive study of the literature, Chapter two deals with the historic course of events in black teacher training from traditional times till 1978. The juridical basis and management of teacher training as a responsibility of the Department of Education and Training is discussed in Chapter three. Aspects of policy and management of education in general and teacher training specifically are also explained. The HSRC-investigation into Education (1981) is discussed as well as the Government's reaction and implementation of some of the recommendations. Chapter four deals with present training opportunities for black teachers at colleges of education. Although the initial training of teachers is emphasized, further training and in-service training is also discussed. The structures of the different teachers' diplomas namely the Pre-Primary Teachers Diploma (PPTD), Junior Primary Teachers Diploma (JPTD), Senior Primary Teachers Diploma (SPTD), Secondary Teachers Diploma (STD) and the STD Technical courses as well as the examining, certifying and requirements for enrolment are discussed. In Chapter five an evaluation is done of teacher training. Certain criteria with which an institution for teacher training should comply, are laid down. In this evaluation certain problem areas in black education are identified, and possible solutions are given to combat and overcome these problems. The summation, conclusion and recommendations end the thesis in Chapter six. Recommendations for further research are also made in this chapter. / Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988

The heterogeneous population in South Africa when coupled with the political trend set by the government of the day is of the utmost importance to the country and its people. The strive towards an educational system in which inhabitants. can achieve their potential, economic growth can be promoted, the quality of living can be improved and equal standards of education can become reality, cannot be realized without enough, well trained and talented teachers. According to the HSRC-investigation into Education (1981), one of the most urgent problems in black education is the critical shortage of professional and efficient teachers. This aspect has thus to do with both the quantity and quality of the teachers. The population explosion in the black communities and the resulting increase in the number of scholars demanding education are reasons for great concern. The number of black teachers being trained, must increase tremendously to cope with the growing demand. The standard of education is determined by two factors namely the quality of the person being trained and the quality of his training. To train and supply new teachers one has to reckon with both the qualitative and quantitative aspects. In supplying enough, new teachers, quality should however never be sacrificed for quantity. A balance between the two is necessary to ensure that good education will be provided for the increasing number of black children. The following aims have been formulated for this research * An evaluation of teacher training amongst blacks as it developed from the earliest times in order to determine causes for present problems. * An evaluation of present educational opportunities for black teachers to determine deficiencies. * Stipulation of directives and measures to combat the expected shortage of professionally, trained teachers. In addition to the formulation of aims the following have also received consideration in Chapter one * research methodology : the methods that have been employed in the course of the research are a study of relevant literature, the method of fundamental contemplation and the historically descriptive method * delimitation of areas and explanation of certain concepts * the structure of the research. Following the exhaustive study of the literature, Chapter two deals with the historic course of events in black teacher training from traditional times till 1978. The juridical basis and management of teacher training as a responsibility of the Department of Education and Training is discussed in Chapter three. Aspects of policy and management of education in general and teacher training specifically are also explained. The HSRC-investigation into Education (1981) is discussed as well as the Government's reaction and implementation of some of the recommendations. Chapter four deals with present training opportunities for black teachers at colleges of education. Although the initial training of teachers is emphasized, further training and in-service training is also discussed. The structures of the different teachers' diplomas namely the Pre-Primary Teachers Diploma (PPTD), Junior Primary Teachers Diploma (JPTD), Senior Primary Teachers Diploma (SPTD), Secondary Teachers Diploma (STD) and the STD Technical courses as well as the examining, certifying and requirements for enrolment are discussed. In Chapter five an evaluation is done of teacher training. Certain criteria with which an institution for teacher training should comply, are laid down. In this evaluation certain problem areas in black education are identified, and possible solutions are given to combat and overcome these problems. The summation, conclusion and recommendations end the thesis in Chapter six. Recommendations for further research are also made in this chapter. / Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988

Idag finns det ingen som granskar läroböcker i Sverige. Enligt forskarna spelar matematikläroboken en dominerande roll i matematikundervisning i Sverige. Därför bör mer uppmärksamhet riktas mot läroböckernas kvalitet. Mitt syfte med denna studie är därför att se om och i vilken omfattning alla centrala aspekter inom grundläggande taluppfattning, addition och subtraktion finns med i tre matematikläroböcker för årskurs ett. Med centrala aspekter menas aspekter som är väsentliga för att eleven ska kunna bygga sitt vetande i ett visst ämnesområde. Det kan till exempel handla om strategier, räkneregler och räknelagar, begrepp eller en viss struktur som ligger till grund för att elever ska kunna tillägna sig goda ämneskunskaper. Läroböckerna granskades enligt centrala aspekter som jag valde ur didaktiska ämnesteorier i matematik, utifrån vissa kriterier. Didaktiska ämnesteoerier är teorier som förklarar hur ett visst ämne bör presenteras för eleverna för att ge dessa en adekvat uppfattning av ämnet. De forskningsfrågor som besvaras är: Finns alla centrala aspekter med i läroböckerna? Hur ser ut fördelningen mellan de centrala aspekterna? Resultatet visar att ingen av läroböckerna innehåller alla centrala aspekter inom grundläggande taluppfattning, addition och subtraktion. De förekommande aspekterna visade sig finnas i varierande omfattning. I vissa fall var dessa skillnader stora.

The main purpose of this investigation, namely an appreciation of the Education Aid Service of the TED, was briefly formulated in Chapter 1. Central concepts as used in the study, were broadly defined. Chapter 2 is mainly a review of relevant literature and deals with the aim and functioning of Guidance Services I Education Aid Services in general, with specific reference to the organization and administration of such services and the nature of guidance programmes in the United States of America, Britain and West Germany. Different approaches to Guidance and the principles of Guidance Services were reviewed. The training and qualifications of Guidance personnel in the • above-mentioned countries were also investigated. The aim of this review was to set criterion on which the Education Aid Service of the TED could be judged in chapter 5. The origin and development of the Education Aid Service of the TED since its modest inception in 1914 is described in chapter 3. This was outlined in four clearly distinguishable stages, viz. the origin and development of the Psychological Service, the development of the Vocational Guidance Service, the amalgamation of these two services in 1955 and the inception of the present Education Aid Service in 1983. The aims and policy, organization and administration as well as personnel aspects of the Transvaal Education Aid Service of the present day were investigated in chapter 4. A distinction was drawn between the general guidance program in schools and the activities of the specialised field of the Education Aid Centres and Child Guidance Clinics. The Education Aid Service was evaluated in chapter 5 and general conclusions derived from the study were summarized. A few recommendations based on these conclusions were finally made. They include an empirical investigation into the aims of the present guidance programmes of the Education Aid Service, a change in approach by the Educational Aid Centre, understaffing at Child Guidance Clinics and Education Aid Centres, physical facilities for guidance in schools and training and qualifications of guidance personnel. / Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1990

The main purpose of this investigation, namely an appreciation of the Education Aid Service of the TED, was briefly formulated in Chapter 1. Central concepts as used in the study, were broadly defined. Chapter 2 is mainly a review of relevant literature and deals with the aim and functioning of Guidance Services I Education Aid Services in general, with specific reference to the organization and administration of such services and the nature of guidance programmes in the United States of America, Britain and West Germany. Different approaches to Guidance and the principles of Guidance Services were reviewed. The training and qualifications of Guidance personnel in the • above-mentioned countries were also investigated. The aim of this review was to set criterion on which the Education Aid Service of the TED could be judged in chapter 5. The origin and development of the Education Aid Service of the TED since its modest inception in 1914 is described in chapter 3. This was outlined in four clearly distinguishable stages, viz. the origin and development of the Psychological Service, the development of the Vocational Guidance Service, the amalgamation of these two services in 1955 and the inception of the present Education Aid Service in 1983. The aims and policy, organization and administration as well as personnel aspects of the Transvaal Education Aid Service of the present day were investigated in chapter 4. A distinction was drawn between the general guidance program in schools and the activities of the specialised field of the Education Aid Centres and Child Guidance Clinics. The Education Aid Service was evaluated in chapter 5 and general conclusions derived from the study were summarized. A few recommendations based on these conclusions were finally made. They include an empirical investigation into the aims of the present guidance programmes of the Education Aid Service, a change in approach by the Educational Aid Centre, understaffing at Child Guidance Clinics and Education Aid Centres, physical facilities for guidance in schools and training and qualifications of guidance personnel. / Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1990

At a national level, the performance at Swedish universities is evaluated using bibliometrics. A part of the research funding given to the universities from the government is distributed according to their bibliometric performance. In recent years, several Swedish universities have adopted similar systems in order to distribute funding between the different faculties at the own university according to the bibliometric performance at faculty level. The debate in media on this way of using bibliometrics indicates that scientists are negative to this quantitative method for research evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions among researchers about the use of bibliometrics in research evaluation. A web-based survey has been sent out to researchers at the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. In total 246 researchers from the two faculties answered the survey. The results presented here show that the opinions among the scientist are divided, but in generalare not as negative as it seems from the debate in media.

Målet med det här arbetet är att presentera ett förslag på en komponentbaserad designsom skall användas för att lösa ett problem som finns hos företag som jobbar med flera affärssystemsAPI-komponenter. Lösningen som uppnås är ett komponentbaserat gränssnittsom låter sig anpassas, underhållas och utökas av användare. Vår lösning beskriver hur endesign ser ut som låter utvecklarna hos dessa företag arbeta mot ett komponentbaseratgränssnitt som programmatiskt ser identiskt ut oberoende mot vilket API-system utvecklarenarbetar mot eller med. Resultatet når vi genom att använda en blandad metodik,d.v.s. en metodik där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används. Anledningen tillvalet av en blandad metodik baseras på att det genererar mer underlag som vi sedan kananvända för att analysera och komma fram till ett välgrundat resultat.Vi presenterar den bakgrundsteori som läsaren behöver sätta sig in i för att lättarekunna tolka och förstå vårt resultat. Resultatet beskrivs och analyserar utifrån den teorisom vi tidigare har presenterats. Resultatet delas upp i tre kategorier: design, utvärderingav design och implementation. Dessa kategorier baseras på de metoder som vi har använtför att nå resultatet.Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion, metodutvärdering och sammanfattning som kortgår igenom hela arbetet med uppsatsen, vad resultatet kan betyda och hur valet av metodhar fungerat. Sist reflekterar vi kort över framtida forskning och hur det går att fortsättamed det här arbetet för att förstärka resultatet. / The aim of this thesis is to present a proposition of a component-based design whichwill be used to solve a problem for companies who works with several business systems’API-components. The solution that is achieved is a component-base inteface that can becustomized, maintained and expanded by the user. Our solution describes a design whichlet the developers at these companies to work against a component-based interface that,programatically, looks and works the same regardless of which business system API theywork against. We will use a mixed methodology, that is, we will use both qualitativeand quantitative methods to reach our result and conclusions. The choice to use a mixedmethodology is based on that it generates more groundwork for us to reach a better result.We will present the background theory for the reader to better understand and interpretour result. We will present our result in three ways: a design, an evaluation of the designand a implementation. Each based on one of the methods we used to reach it.The thesis will be concluded with a discussion, method evaluation and a summary,where we will discuss the work with the thesis and what the result tells us. There will alsobe a short summary of our choice of methods have worked for us. At last we will reflecton future work, and what might be the next step to take to strengthen and improve ourresult.

Partial evaluation is a program transformation technique that specializes a program with respect to part of its input. While the specialization is typically performed ahead-of-time, moving it to a later stage may expose additional opportunities and allow for faster residual programs to be constructed. In this thesis, we present a method for specializing programs at run-time, for compiled code, using an online partial evaluator. Although partial evaluation has several applications, the evaluation of the method primarily focuses on its performance benefits. The main research problem addressed in this thesis is that of incorporating an online partial evaluator in compiled code. The partial evaluator is a sourceto-source translator that takes and produces an abstract syntax tree (AST). Our approach consists of three parts, namely that of partially evaluating, obtaining a partially evaluable representation and run-time code emitting. Concretely, we use the concept of lifting to store an AST in the compiled code that the partial evaluator then specializes at run-time. The residual code is thereafter naively just-in-time (JIT) compiled through dynamically linking it back to the executable as a shared library. We evaluate the method on several programs and show that the specialized programs sometimes are faster even with a low recursion depth. Though, while the results are promising, the overhead is typically significant and therefore the break-even points are large. Further research, for example using an efficient JIT compiler, is required to better evaluate the performance benefits of the approach. / Partiell evaluering är en programtransformationsteknik som specialiserar ett program givet delar av dess indata. Typisk sätt specialiseras program innan de exekveras, men genom att flytta specialisering till då programmet körs kan ytterligare information utnyttjas och därmed snabbare residualprogram konstrueras. I det här examensarbetet presenteras en metod för att specialisera program i körtid med online partiell evaluering, specifikt för kompilerade program. Metoden utvärderas främst utefter prestanda, men det ska nämnas att partiell evaluering har fler tillämpningar än så. Det huvudsakliga problemet som examensarbetet undersöker är inkorporeringen av en programspecialiserare (partial evaluator) i kompilerad kod. Den programspecialiserare som används tar både som indata och producerar ett abstrakt syntaxträd (AST). Vårt tillvägagångssätt består av tre delar, nämligen programspecialisering, erhållning av en representation som kan specialiseras och slutligen kodgenerering i körtid. Mer specifikt används konceptet lyftning för att spara ett AST i den kompilerade koden som därefter partiellt evalueras av programspecialiseraren under körtid. Som ett sista steg just-in-time (JIT) kompileras residualprogrammet. Detta görs på ett naivt vis genom att programmet kompileras till ett delat bibliotek som därefter dynamiskt länkas tillbaka till huvudprogrammet. Metoden utvärderas på flera program och vi visar att de specialiserade programmen i vissa fall var snabbare och det även med små rekursionsdjup. Resultaten är lovande, men den overhead som metoden ger upphov till är ofta signifikant vilket gör att det krävs många iterationer innan det specialiserade programmet blir snabbare. Ytterligare forskning och tester, till exempel med en effektiv JIT kompilator, är nödvändig för att bättre kunna utvärdera metodens prestandafördelar.

The focus of this study is on the evaluation of community based care and support service for older persons in the community. The government of South Africa and other African Countries held several discussions with the intention of addressing the needs and challenges of older persons in the community. As a follow up to the discussion, the new developmental approach, that is the South African Policy for Older Persons of 2005 and the Older Persons Act, 13 of 2006, promulgated in line with the recommendation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on ageing which was drafted and adopted at the World Assembly on Ageing that was convened by the United Nations in 2002. Older Persons Act 13 of 2006 was developed with the intention of addressing the needs of older persons in the community as the Aged Act no 100 of 1967 as amended in 1998, was focusing more on the residential care service. The Older Persons Act 13 of 2006 recognizes the importance of community-based care and support services and this means that the service delivery to older persons has been broadened and services have become more inclusive and accessible. Older persons will be able to remain in their communities within their families for as long as possible. According to the Older Persons Act 13 of 2006, the community-based care and support services means any programmes that are rendered to older persons to enable them to remain independent in their communities for as long as possible. These programmes are preventing the unnecessary admission of older persons in the residential care facilities. According to the Older Persons Act 13 of 2006, the Community-based care and support services are categorized into, namely, prevention and promotion programmes and the home-based care services. These two categories will be discussed in details in this study. In this study the researcher used the older persons (recipients of services), representatives of management committees for the Non-profit organizations rendering services to older persons in the community and the officials of the Department of Social Development as participants. The aim of this study is to discuss and evaluate the community-based care and support services strategy as used by the Department of Social Development in rendering services to older persons within communities in Motheo District (Free State Province) and to raise the viewpoints of direct service providers (management committees) officials of the Department of Social Development and older persons that receive these services, in order to enhance the delivery of this programme. The research methodology that was utilized in this study includes the empirical research and the literature review. A literature review was conducted by the researcher for a clear understanding of the nature and meaning of the problem that has been identified. The questionnaires and interview tools were used by the researcher as methods of data collection. This study consists of two articles, article 1: Background and nature of community-based care and support services and article 2: Evaluation of community-based care and support services The findings from the study indicated that the community based care and support services can be the best and important programme for older persons in the community if it can be well implemented. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The focus of this study is on the evaluation of community based care and support service for older persons in the community. The government of South Africa and other African Countries held several discussions with the intention of addressing the needs and challenges of older persons in the community. As a follow up to the discussion, the new developmental approach, that is the South African Policy for Older Persons of 2005 and the Older Persons Act, 13 of 2006, promulgated in line with the recommendation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on ageing which was drafted and adopted at the World Assembly on Ageing that was convened by the United Nations in 2002. Older Persons Act 13 of 2006 was developed with the intention of addressing the needs of older persons in the community as the Aged Act no 100 of 1967 as amended in 1998, was focusing more on the residential care service. The Older Persons Act 13 of 2006 recognizes the importance of community-based care and support services and this means that the service delivery to older persons has been broadened and services have become more inclusive and accessible. Older persons will be able to remain in their communities within their families for as long as possible. According to the Older Persons Act 13 of 2006, the community-based care and support services means any programmes that are rendered to older persons to enable them to remain independent in their communities for as long as possible. These programmes are preventing the unnecessary admission of older persons in the residential care facilities. According to the Older Persons Act 13 of 2006, the Community-based care and support services are categorized into, namely, prevention and promotion programmes and the home-based care services. These two categories will be discussed in details in this study. In this study the researcher used the older persons (recipients of services), representatives of management committees for the Non-profit organizations rendering services to older persons in the community and the officials of the Department of Social Development as participants. The aim of this study is to discuss and evaluate the community-based care and support services strategy as used by the Department of Social Development in rendering services to older persons within communities in Motheo District (Free State Province) and to raise the viewpoints of direct service providers (management committees) officials of the Department of Social Development and older persons that receive these services, in order to enhance the delivery of this programme. The research methodology that was utilized in this study includes the empirical research and the literature review. A literature review was conducted by the researcher for a clear understanding of the nature and meaning of the problem that has been identified. The questionnaires and interview tools were used by the researcher as methods of data collection. This study consists of two articles, article 1: Background and nature of community-based care and support services and article 2: Evaluation of community-based care and support services The findings from the study indicated that the community based care and support services can be the best and important programme for older persons in the community if it can be well implemented. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014