På många arbetsplatser i världen uppstår det dagligen olika situationer där det krävs av ledare att kunna anpassa sitt ledarskap för att kunna lösa situationerna. Situationer kan definieras så som konflikter, vägledning och andra oplanerade händelser som skulle kunna sätta ”käppar i hjulet” för en annars fungerande arbetsprocess. Det finns även behovet av specifik motivering för enskilda individer och grupper på arbetsplatser för att fånga uppmärksamhet och kunna förmedla den information du vill nå ut med.Syftet med studien är att undersöka om teoretiska föreställningar kring situationsanpassat ledarskap bidrar med förståelse för eventbolaget Gotevent och företag med liknande organisationsform. Detta är en teoretisk och empirisk studie där vi har använt oss utav publicerad litteratur kring situationsanpassat ledarskap samt litteratur om ledarskap och event management. Empirin har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre områdesansvariga på eventbolaget Gotevent. Även en deltagande observation på ett evenemang har använts för att ge empirin ett större djup. I analysen har det empiriska materialet tolkats och ställts emot fördjupade teoretiska studier. Detta har delats in efter begreppen Ledarskap, Personal, Beslutsfattande och Kommunikation. Uppsatsens resultat och slutsatser har avslutningsvis diskuterats.Möjligheterna att introducera situationsanpassat ledarskap hos en organisation som Gotevent är stora och det finns många hjälpande verktyg att utnyttja för arbetsledarna, som tidigare nämnts, har mycket ruljans på personal och många olika situationer som uppstår kring event. Vi ser tydligt hur arbetsledarna har högt förtroende för sina medarbetare och att medarbetarna har hög kunskap om sina områden.Situationsanpassat ledarskap bidrar därmed med förståelse för denna typ av organisationsform och det finns mycket som denna typ av ledarskap kan bidra med till liknande organisationer. / Program: Kandidatutbildning i företagsekonomi

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Videorecording in Rotch Visual Collections. / M.S.

This thesis examines creative trajectories of urban life that irrupted as a result of a series of devastating earthquakes in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010-11. In particular, it focuses on third sector organisations (TSOs) that emerged during the recovery period, and examines how these organisations sought to inscribe themselves within the re-emerging city. In doing so, I argue that the rupture afforded by the earthquakes opened up the possibility for the dominant practices of a complex political conservatism to be challenged through the emergence of new and previously restrained claims to the city that have manifested through these TSOs. These organisations have made use of the temporary recovery-spaces of the city, and appear to be working to embed their underlying values and politics in its renewal. Pertinently, this thesis comprehensively explores the ways these emergent organisations were impelled and sustained by improvisations that attempted to invoke and continue a fidelity to the earthquake event. The dominant narrative in the city has since critiqued these emergent organisations as being subsumed by a broader state project that is working to restore a neoliberal and conservative style of politics. Drawing largely upon in-depth participatory research within emergent TSOs, this thesis seeks to evaluate the notion that the creative forces of these organisations have become stripped of radical potential through a gradual incorporation into a more resilient version of the previous political orthodoxy. In doing so, it contributes to literatures on the political possibilities of the third sector by paying attention to the organisational practices that foster alternative logics of performative expression, political engagement and cultural imagination alongside formations of the seemingly neoliberal. By drawing attention towards the tentative probing of sociocultural and material fissures, practices of organisational experimentation and the ethical agency of staff, I argue that the sector might be viewed as fostering spaces through which alternative ethical and political sensibilities are being actively contested on a range of scales. Subsequently, this thesis explores how the foundations and relations that previously made the city legible have been shaken. Accordingly, the research offers a re-reading of the earthquakes that makes an argument for something more complex than an automatic return to the status-quo. It recognises the earthquakes as a series of violent geophysical events that prompted the irruption of some potentially disruptive imaginations, but explores perceptions that the disaster couldn’t impel others. Underpinning discussion on how these imaginations are grasped and sustained is an examination of how possibilities were afforded or curbed by interpretations of what the earthquakes represented (or enabled) in ongoing storylines of the city. Consequently, this thesis explores what it actually meant in practice for these organisations to be faithful to the event.

What are the effects of non-balanced bilingualism on cognitive performance? And how do proficient, non-native speakers acquire and use lexical, syntactic and semantic information during sentence processing? Whilst there is growing research on these topics, there is no firm consensus on how to answer these questions. In the literature on cognitive effects of bilingualism, this lack of consensus has even resulted in radically opposing views and a heated debate. In this thesis, I seek to provide a balanced treatment of the literature and to address the above-mentioned questions by employing behavioral and neurophysiological paradigms. First, using a structural priming paradigm, I examine how proficient, non-native speakers of different native language backgrounds (Romance and Germanic) acquire lexically-specific syntactic restrictions of non-alternating verbs in English. Results from these experiments suggest that, although non-native speakers partially acquire lexically-specific syntactic restrictions, their knowledge is not native-like. Moreover, transfer from the first language does not seem to play a role in the acquisition of the relevant restrictions. Second, using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) I examine whether proficient non-native Spanish-English speakers draw on different forms of semantic information such as relatedness and animacy incrementally during sentence comprehension. Results of these experiments suggest that, while relatedness facilitates processing (indexed by N400s) in both native and non-native speakers, effects of animacy are smaller in non-native speakers, relative to native speakers. Third, I employ a series of auditory attentional tasks and measures of lexical access and verbal fluency to assess cognitive functions in non-balanced bilinguals with different levels of language proficiency. Results show a bilingual advantage in inhibitory control and a non-significant trend towards bilingual better performance in attentional switching, and the groups exhibit similar performance on verbal fluency. Results of all the studies are discussed in the context of the existing literature on cognitive performance in bilinguals and accounts of language processing in native and non-native speakers and suggestions for future research are provided.

The first chapter of this thesis analyzes the marketing mix of Prague Quadrennial 2011. The following part focuses on marketing communication of this cultural event, reflecting the non-professional public. Based on data obtained from marketing research on the festival's perception and the last year's marketing campaign, the aim of this academic work is to propose possible improvements for the next festival's marketing campaign.

Este trabalho busca apresentar um modelo de análise e projeto de layout industrial para empresas que estão implantando ou já implantaram os conceitos da Produção Enxuta. O modelo desenvolvido foca empresas de manufatura discreta em ambientes com uma alta variedade de produtos. O desenvolvimento do modelo foi elaborado com base na literatura técnica e na experiência prática em projetos de layouts desenvolvidos em diversas empresas. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de fácil utilização que auxilie as pessoas envolvidas no projeto do arranjo físico. Esse modelo concebido utiliza ferramentas e conceitos da Produção Enxuta para analisar e projetar o novo layout, e como tal, não considera o layout como uma variável independente no sistema produtivo. Fatores como gestão visual, qualidade, fluxo contínuo, complexidade de programação da produção, entre outros, foram levados em consideração na construção do modelo. Este também incorpora uma metodologia de implantação do arranjo físico projetado em situações brown field, ou seja, com a fábrica em funcionamento. Esse ponto é de extrema importância pois alterações do layout podem incorrer em interrupções no fluxo produtivo e, conseqüentemente, em falhas na entrega dos produtos aos clientes. Por último, esse trabalho apresenta a metodologia 3P Kaizen, uma metodologia de projeto de layout industrial desenvolvida pela Toyota e utilizada em situações de projeto de novas fábricas ou de novas linhas de produção. / This work aims to show a model to analyze and design an industrial layout for companies that are implementing or have implemented lean manufacturing concepts. The model developed has a focus in discrete manufacturing companies in environments of high variety of products. The development of the model was based on the experience of layouts projects developed in many companies. The main aim of this work is to create an easy model of application that help people that are involved in the design of the facilities resources. This model utilizes tools and concepts of lean manufacturing to analyze and design a new layout, without considering the layout as an independent variable of production system. Aspects like visual management, quality, continuous flow, etc., were considered in the construction of the model. The layout design model presents also a methodology to implement a new layout projected in brown field situations, where the factory activities do not need to stop its activities. This point is very important because changing in the position of facilities resources can cause interruption in the flow of products. At last, this work shows the 3P Kaizen, a Japanese methodology, developed by Toyota, to design a layout of a new factory or a new production line.

Introdução: A varfarina é um dos anticoagulantes orais (ACO) mais utilizados na atenção primária a saúde. Com janela terapêutica estreita, exibe grande variabilidade de resposta farmacológica, e maior suscetibilidade de eventos adversos, como sangramentos e tromboembolismo venoso. Entre os fatores que influenciam na variabilidade de dose destaca-se as interações tanto com medicamentos, como com a dieta e o polimorfismo genético. Objetivos: Estimar a incidência de eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de varfarina e descrever o itinerário do usuário pelo sistema público de saúde para resolução dos problemas. Métodos: trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva realizada por um período de 18 meses com usuários do serviço público de saúde, em uso de varfarina, do município de Ijuí/RS. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas mensais nas residências e complementados com informações médicas obtidas na atenção primária e terciária. As interações medicamentosas foram checadas em bases de dados e os hábitos alimentares conforme metodologia validada. A estatística utilizada para associar sangramento e Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) e os fatores de risco foi teste de Poison. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFRGS, com parecer número 336.259/2013. Resultados: Foram entrevistados e acompanhados 69 pacientes, sendo que 64 concluíram o acompanhamento e 5 faleceram durante o estudo, 55,1% eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 64,3 ±13,7 anos. O tempo médio de uso de varfarina foi de 5,5 anos, a dose média semanal foi de 30,69±15,19mg e o principal motivo para uso de varfarina foi prótese valvular (39,7%). A média de medicamentos utilizados por usuário foi de 9,6±4,5. Quanto aos eventos, os sangramentos tiveram incidência de 37,7/100 pacientes/ano, o tromboembolismo de 4,8/100 pacientes/ano e de óbitos de 4,8/100 pacientes/ano. Os sangramentos apresentaram associação com possuir mais que três interações medicamentosas com a varfarina (p=0,048) e com uso de medicamentos por automedicação (p=0,030). Já para o TTR houve associação com a idade inferior a 65 anos (p=0,032). E 67 usuários estavam suscetíveis a interações medicamentosasas com varfarina, com predomínio das moderadas, sendo a média de interações com este medicamento de 2,91±1,52. A maioria das interações agiam sobre o efeito anticoagulante da varfarina, aumentando a probabilidade de sangramento. Entre as interações que os usuários apresentavam, no momento do sangramento, as mais frequentes foram com: omeprazol, sinvastatina e paracetamol. A maioria dos entrevistados apresentou consumo baixo de vitamina K. Verificou-se que sangramentos e tromboembolismos venosos foram mais frequentes nos pacientes em início de tratamento. E todos os pacientes que foram a óbito durante o acompanhamento (5) eram pacientes com mais de um ano de uso de varfarina. Para a resolução de eventos adversos na maioria dos casos o paciente realizou cuidado domiciliar (53,4%), seguido por busca pela Unidades Básicas de Saúde, 7 pacientes buscaram o serviço de emergência e 5 realizaram internação hospitalar. Observou-se que aproximadamente metade dos pacientes não mostrou seus exames de INR (Razão Normalizada Internacional) ao médico. E na falta de varfarina na rede pública de saúde do município, que ocorreu entre os meses 13 e 16, entre 24,9 a 43,5%, deixaram de usar o medicamento. Os resultados do polimorfismo demonstram que 47 (71,2%) não apresentam polimorfismo ao genótipo CYP2C9, e 24 (36,4%) ao genótipo VKORC1. Avaliando os dois genótipos associados, verifica-se que 17 (25,8%) não apresentam polimorfismo a nenhum destes. Não foi observada associação estatística do polimorfismo com sexo e raça. Observou-se diferença significativa entre a dose utilizada para os diferentes polimorfismos (p=0,013). Da mesma forma, para o VKORC1, houve diferença significativa entre a dose e o genótipo (p=0,018). Conclusão: Estes resultados demonstram a necessidade de uma maior assistência a estes pacientes, buscando melhores resultados clínicos, com menos eventos adversos. / Introduction: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant (OAC) most used in primary health care. With narrow therapeutic window, shows great variability in drug response, and greater susceptibility to adverse events such as bleeding and venous thromboembolism. Among the factors that influence the amount of variability highlights the interactions with both drugs, as with diet and genetic polymorphism. Objectives: To estimate the incidence of adverse events related to warfarin use and describe the user journey through the public health system to the problems. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted over a period of 18 months with users of the public health service in the use of warfarin, the city of Ijuí/RS. The data were collected monthly interviews in homes and complemented with medical information obtained in primary and tertiary care. Drug interactions were checked in databases and eating habits as validated methodology. The statistics used to associate bleeding and Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) and the risk factors was Poison test. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFRGS, with opinion number 336259/2013. Results: We interviewed and followed 69 patients, 64 completed the follow-up and 5 died during the study, 55.1% were female, mean age 64.3 ± 13.7 years. The mean duration of warfarin use was 5.5 years, the average weekly dose was 30.69 ± 15,19mg and the main reason for warfarin use was valvular prosthesis (39.7%). The average per user used medications was 9.6 ± 4.5. As for events, the bleeding had incidence of 37.7 / 100 patients / year, thromboembolism of 4.8 / 100 patients / year and deaths of 4.8 / 100 patients / year. Bleeds were associated with having more than three drug interactions with warfarin (p = 0.048) and use of self-medication by drugs (p = 0.030). As for the TTR was no association with age less than 65 years (p = 0.032). And 67 users were susceptible to medicamentosasas interactions with warfarin, with a predominance of moderate, with an average of interactions with this drug of 2.91 ± 1.52. Most interactions acting on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing the probability of bleeding. Among the interactions that users had, at the time of bleeding, the most common were with: omeprazole, simvastatin and acetaminophen. Most respondents showed low consumption of vitamin K. It was found that bleeding and venous thromboembolism were more frequent in patients starting treatment. And all patients who died during follow-up (5) were patients with more than one year of warfarin use. For adverse event resolution in most cases the patient underwent home care (53.4%), followed by search for the Basic Health Units, 7 patients sought emergency services and 5 held hospitalization. It was observed that approximately half of the patients showed their INR test (International Normalized Ratio) to the doctor. And in the absence of warfarin in public municipal health, which occurred between the months 13:16, from 24.9 to 43.5% stopped using the drug. The polymorphism results demonstrate that 47 (71.2%) did not have the polymorphism CYP2C9 genotype, and 24 (36.4%) the VKORC1 genotype. Evaluating the two genotypes associated, it is found that 17 (25.8%) did not show any polymorphism thereof. There was no statistical association of the polymorphism with gender and race. A significant difference between the dose for different polymorphisms (p = 0.013). Likewise, for the VKORC1, a significant difference between the dose and genotype (p = 0.018). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the need for further assistance to these patients, looking for better clinical outcomes, with fewer adverse events.

London 2012 was the 30th Olympiad, and the third time that London had hosted an Olympic Games. The rationale for hosting the Games was to undertake a large-scale regeneration of Stratford and the East London region. The research explored the experiences of community representatives who live and/or work in East London. The research was inductive and focused on the empirical findings of the research via a sociological lens. Three overarching research themes (urban regeneration, socioculturalism, governance and economics). The original contribution to knowledge relates to the limited amount of research previously conducted which take into account all three of these overarching themes. 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed alongside official documents and newspapers using narrative thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Two main findings emerged from the analysis; Marginal Gains and the Ripple Effect. It is recognised that the positivity found throughout the presented narratives may have been present due to the time period in which the research was undertaken. Future research should focus on whether the time period has an influence on the experiences of community representatives and whether similar (economic and governance) is experienced by future host cities.

This project analyzed gender and color-specific differences in event-related potentials (ERPs). Previous studies have shown that males process color differently than females. In a recent study, sex differences were found in ERPs during a visual object recognition task. There were higher EEG amplitudes in females (especially P300) than males. Significant sex and color-specific differences have been found in diseases involving altered dopamine (DA) machinery. Thus, we analyzed differences between ERPs in males vs females during a color task. We also compared the color-specific differences in ERPs between males and females. Males and females participated in EEG recording sessions for 2 color studies during a color-go-no-go task, where two studies examined the gender and color-specific differences in ERPs, respectively. Data from 32 males and 24 females and 21 females and 31 males, respectively, in two color studies demonstrated significant sex-specific differences in ERPs during a color-go-no-go task. Males consistently showed higher EEG amplitudes (particularly P300) than females, which is contradictory to what we demonstrated previously in the object recognition task, indicating different color processing systems in males and females. Regarding color-specific differences, no significant differences were found in P300s between the three colors red, green and blue in males and females when each color was the relevant stimulus, suggesting that color is not a marker for inducing ERPs in normal subjects. These studies will provide the impetus to compare patients having altered DA mechanisms such as in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's, or chemical addiction.

The upper Homerian Mulde Event was a mass extinction that devastated graptolite diversity and occurred before and during the onset of a major perturbation to the global carbon cycle recorded as a double-peaked positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Whereas the Mulde Event and associated CIE are well-documented globally, changes in global sea level associated with the Mulde Event have only been investigated in detail in the West Midlands, England and Gotland, Sweden. A critical step toward understanding both the drivers and results of global climatic change during the Mulde Event is to constrain changes in eustasy. This study integrates carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy of Homerian strata in Tennessee, Indiana, and Ohio in an effort to determine if a global type-1 sequence boundary is recorded within the ascending limb of the Mulde CIE, and to produce a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework for Homerian strata in the midcontinent USA. Six sections, two from each state, were measured and described. Five were sampled for carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, and one for conodont biostratigraphy. All sections from Tennessee and Indiana evidently contain the Mulde CIE, whereas the sections from Ohio are less clear due to the truncation of upper Homerian strata. These data demonstrate that a sequence boundary identified herein in Indiana and Tennessee is the same sequence boundary that occurred during the ascending limb of the Mulde Excursion in the West Midlands and Gotland.