Utvecklingen inom digitala medier har gått väldigt fort under de sista åren vilket i sin tur har lett till att användningsområden för digitala medier även har ökat. Ett av dessa användningsområden har varit inom event-industrin där ökandet av digitala medier märks väldigt tydligt. Denna studie ska undersöka om det kan vara så att event-industrin gynnas av digitala medier och kan sammanfattas med en huvudfråga samt en viktig underfråga: • Hur använder event-industrin sig av digitala medier? o Ökar interaktiviteten då digitala medier används? Jag har intervjuat två personer, Magnus Milefors från BSP Marketing och Ulf Lesley från Unify för att ta reda på hur de använder sig av digitala medier i sina events. Med hjälp av min undersökning kring digitala mediers utveckling och användningsområden har jag kommit fram till att det idag finns större möjlighet att göra mer attraktiva events med hjälp av digitala medier. Då det gäller interaktiviteten på events är både Milefors och Lesley överens om att det är en av de viktigaste sakerna att uppnå. När det gäller påverkan av vår identitet så tror jag att vi alltid kommer att ha ett behov eller intresse att ändra vår identitet. Eftersom identitetsförändring i datorspel och Internetsammanhang blir allt vanligare så tror jag att det kommer att bli svårt att undvika att det kommer att integrerar med event industrin mer i framtiden.

No description available.

Companies need different information about their operations, so that they can make better decisions and be more effective in the business world. One way to obtain that information is through looking at how costs are assigned to different cost objects, such as products or services. Of special interest is the allocation of indirect costs, because if these costs make up an important part of an organisation, then grasping them will help the firm be more competitive and respond better to customers and their needs. One method of allocating indirect costs is called activity based costing, or ABC, and it looks upon what activities that are being performed by a company, how much they cost based on resource usage, what drives the costs, and most importantly, it assigns these ex-penses to products/services. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate whether the ABC method can be applied in an event organising company. In order to reach the purpose we have used the example of Elmia AB, an event and trade show organiser situated in Jönköping, Sweden. The focus of our investigation was exhibition stands used in trade shows. We have come to the conclusion that activity based costing is applicable when it comes to event organisers in the sense that it is possible to identify major activities and depict re-sources. However, problems emerge when trying to estimate costs of resources because it is hard to know in advance what customers want, and therefore one cannot clearly distin-guish or set fixed and variable costs, nor can one easily cope with problems of unused ca-pacity, that is resources that are supplied but not used. This is especially the case with cus-tomised exhibition stands. The process is somewhat easier when it comes to standardised offerings, because they are less complicated since they are already set and cannot be much altered by the customers. Furthermore, cost drivers can be applied in this setting, at least theoretically because they provide help in determining what processes the customers might find important. On the other hand, they might be rather difficult to measure. Finally, the actual assigning of costs to cost objects is hard, because for the complex solutions, one cannot easily find common activities across different stands, but this can be easier to do when exhibition stand pack-ages are standardised and demand is better traceable. We have based our results on one company as a generalisation of event organisers as a whole, and we can argue that the example that we have chosen can be a good representa-tive of this particular branch of the service industry, because it shows how important indi-rect costs are to this dynamic business and also it reveals the importance of customers and their role when applying activity based costing to the environment. However, in order to have a complete conclusion with respect to our aim, more research is needed in other event and trade show organising firms because there are company specific situations in terms of size, structure, culture, etc, of a company that makes ABC a special case that changes ac-cording to different objectives of different users.

AbstractThis thesis is based on two questions: What are the differences in the outcome of a sport event depending on the choice of method to be used for evaluation? And what method is the most appropriate one in terms of evaluation of the economic effects of sport events? There are two methods used: and the first one is the traditional multiplier analysis and the second method used is introduced by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007). The economic results of the two different methods used in this thesis have been applied on a real life event, The European Championships in Figure Skating in Malmo City 2003. The two methods is of great importance and they provide us with two suggested results that are of interest, but what method to be used depends on who is making the evaluation and for what purpose. The suggested method by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007) results in an outcome representing the economic effects of the event concerning all areas in the municipality involved both the private sector and the public sector. This method is of best use for athlete organizations that wants to keep a continuous record of their contribution towards the municipality through events and the positive result will help them promote their importance of existence to the municipality so that they can get public funding for arranging future events and gain more profit by increasing the interest of their association. Whereas,the multiplier analysis is appropriate to use for the municipality, as the results is the tax revenue gained from the event that is to be reinvested in e.g. new schools or roads the result will then help promoting the public funding of sport events to the public. The appropriate method to use is the multiplier analysis as it generates results that is of interest for the public as it calculates the effect for the municipality as a whole and not only the effects for the once directly involved in the sport event.

För alla intressenter på aktiemarknaden är det av stor vikt att fastställa hur olika faktorer påverkar börskurserna. Styrräntan är en sådan tänkbar faktor och mycket forskning har skett angående dennes påverkan på aktiemarknaden, främst på den amerikanska marknaden. De tidigare amerikanska studierna av eventuella samband mellan förändringar av styrräntan och aktiemarknaden har kommit till slutsatsen att sambandet existerar samt att det är av negativ karaktär. När höjningar av styrräntan har utannonserats har man sett en sänkning av aktiekurserna och vise versa. Denna uppsats undersöker genom en event studie om det finns något samband mellan reporänteförändringar och börskurser på den svenska marknaden. Fyra branschindex från Stockholmsbörsen har används och studien gäller samtliga reporänteförändringar mellan januari 2004 till oktober 2008

Marknader har i alla tider varit en viktig mötesplats, där folk bland annat skött hushållens inköp. Under 1900-talet suddades marknadens ursprungsroll ut, eftersom flera substitut uppkom, främst snabbköpen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken roll en marknad spelar i dagens samhälle och om man kan se på marknader som Event marketing. Syftet var också att öka förståelsen för vad Noramarken betyder för Nora kommuns varumärke. I uppsatsen används en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod och problem frågorna har angripits genom ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Större delen av empirin är hämtad från fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Marknadens ursprungliga roll har ändrats från att vara nödvändigt för hushållets inköp till att bli en upplevelse för besökarna. Marknader stämmer in på alla kriterier för att kallas för Event marketing. En kommun som Nora kan på ett billigt och effektivt sätt marknadsföra sig genom att arrangera en marknad. Noramarken är en väl genomförd marknad som skapar positiva associationer och goodwill samt ett starkare varumärke för Nora kommun. / Through the centuries, open air markets have always been an important meeting place where most of the household’s purchases were made. During the 20th century, the purpose of markets has been greatly diminished due to the appearance of a number of substitutes: foremost is the supermarket. The purpose of this study has been to examine what role a market has in today’s society, and if it can be considered a form of Event marketing. Additionally, the purpose was to determine what Noramarken means for Nora municipality’s trademark. The empirical approach was qualitative and the problem was attacked from a deductive point of view. Most of the empirical data was collected from four semi-structured interviews. From the market visitors’ point of view, the market’s original role has changed from being necessary for household purchases to being more of an experience for the visitor. Markets correspond with all the criteria for being considered Event marketing. Through an arrangement of a market, Nora municipality can promote itself in a cheap and effective way. Noramarken is a well arranged market which brings positive associations and goodwill for Nora municipality which results in a stronger trademark.

We consider sensor data scheduling for remote state estimation. Due to constrained communication energy and bandwidth, a sensor needs to decide whether it should send the measurement to a remote estimator for further processing. We propose an event-based sensor data scheduler for linear systems and derive the corresponding minimum squared error estimator. By selecting an appropriate eventtriggering threshold, we illustrate how to achieve a desired balance between the sensor-to-estimator communication rate and the estimation quality. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the theory. / <p>QC 20130318</p>

The study proceeds as follows: section 2 provides an overview of the historical context surrounding the political environment in 1901; section 3 summarizes existing work addressing the relationship between wealth and political influence; section 4 discusses the data used in the study; section 5 presents an empirical analysis; section 6summarizes and discusses the results of the analysis; and section 7 provides concluding remarks.

Since its creation in 1998, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has become a commonly used measure in social psychology and related fields of research. Studies of the cognitive processes involved in the IAT are necessary to establish the validity of this measure and to suggest further refinements to its use and interpretation. The current thesis used ERPs to study cognitive processes associated with the IAT. The first experiment found significant differences in P300 amplitude in the Congruent and Incongruent conditions, which were interpreted as a reflection of greater equivocation in the Incongruent condition. The second experiment tested the task-set switching account of the IAT in much greater detail by analyzing each trial type separately. In the Congruent condition, all trial types elicited the same amplitude P300. Local probability, and the consequent checking and updating of working memory, was thought to be responsible for differences between trials of the Incongruent condition that required or did not require a task switch. The final experiment examined the role of working memory in the IAT by introducing obtrusive and irrelevant auditory stimuli. The results of Experiment 3 indicated that the introduction of an obtrusive and irrelevant auditory increment deviant has little overall effect on the IAT, and a similar effect on switch and no-switch trials within the Incongruent condition. This could have been because both the Congruent and Incongruent conditions of the IAT make such extensive demands on central processing resources that few are available to allow for the switching of attention, or it is possible that the IAT does not require significant updating of working memory. The usefulness of ERPs in the study of the IAT effect is demonstrated by the current research. In particular, the finding that behavioural results were not always consistent with the ERP results demonstrates that electrophysiological measures can complement traditional behavioural measures.

Mechanical Alloying is a manufacturing process that produces alloys by cold welding of powders. Usually, a vial containing both the powder and steel balls is agitated. Due to impact between the balls and balls and the vial, the powder is mechanically deformed, crushed, and mixed at nano-scales. In this thesis, a numerical model is developed to simulate the dynamics of the vial and the grinding balls of the SPEX 8000 ball milling device, a standardized equipment in both industrial and academic investigations of ball milling. The numerical model is based on the Event Driven Method, typically used to model granular flows. The method implemented is more efficient than the discrete element method used previously to study ball milling dynamics. The numerical tool obtained is useful for scale-up and optimization of mechanical alloying of various materials. An optimization study is presented for the SPEX 8000.