Submitted by Deborah Kelly Nascimento Pessoa (dknpessoa@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-12T18:58:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Deborah_Final.pdf: 1711762 bytes, checksum: 22167685e56930f0c955db37a6f1535e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-09-15T18:04:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Deborah_Final.pdf: 1711762 bytes, checksum: 22167685e56930f0c955db37a6f1535e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T12:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Deborah_Final.pdf: 1711762 bytes, checksum: 22167685e56930f0c955db37a6f1535e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / This thesis aims to analyze how misbehavior happens in the organization backstage. The literature helps to define misbehavior as incompatible or counterproductive practices (ACKROYD; THOMPSON, 1999), “activities occurring with the workplace that according to the oficial structure, culture and rules of the organization, ‘should not happen’, and contain na element of challenge to the dominant modes of operating to dominant interest in the organization” (WATSON, 2003, p. 230), “misbehaviour is not just about employee resistance; it is about dealing with the pressures of work in a less opposing manner. Misbehaviour is about conflicts that cannot be exclusively attributable to the effort-bargain relationship between employer and employee” (RICHARDS, 2007, p. 35-36). To achieve the research objectives, we guide the study in the qualitative approach, studing a company that operates as bakery, cafe and restaurant. Ethnography was choosed as research strategy by allowing capture the minutiae of the researched context in an intense relationship of exchange with the study object. Inductive behavior to the fieldwork was adopted as research guidance, this fieldwork lasted approximately 10 months and produced 657 pages of field diary. The research analysis and theoretical construction was conducted according to the grounded theory approach, using Straus and Corbin (2008) as a guiding to the categorization process. The categories was organized according to the Gioia, Corley and Hamilton (2012) work. Numerous misbehavior actions was identified, for example: eating food products and raw materials in the company, non-compliance with working hours and safety standards, sabotage of sales, rude treatment of consumers, gossip, aggressive, snobbish or prejudice behavior against coworkers, theft of raw materials and confidential recipes, and so forth. As result, this study concludes indicating that misbehaviour is a kind of resistance that goes beyond organizational boundaries and the opposition relationship against management, misbehaviour is influenced by individual, organizational and social dimensions. / Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar como o misbehaviour acontece nos bastidores de uma organização. A literatura ajuda a definir misbehaviour como práticas incompatíveis ou contra produtivas (ACKROYD; THOMPSON, 1999), que ocorrem no ambiente de trabalho, mas que não deveriam acontecer, de acordo com a estrutura, cultura e regras oficiais da organização, que desafiam os modos dominantes de operação ou os interesses dominantes na organização (WATSON, 2003), que além de uma forma de resistência, envolve lidar com as pressões do trabalho de uma maneira menos oposta, de conflitos que não podem ser exclusivamente atribuíveis à relação entre empregado e empregador (RICHARDS, 2007). Para atingir aos objetivos da pesquisa, orientamos o estudo na abordagem qualitativa, em uma empresa do setor alimentício. A etnografia foi adotada como estratégia de pesquisa, por permitir captar as minúcias do contexto pesquisado, em uma relação intensa de troca com o objeto de estudo. Foi adotado o comportamento indutivo no campo como orientação no processo de pesquisa, em um trabalho de campo que durou dez meses, aproximadamente, e produziu 657 páginas de diário de campo. O processo de análise do material empírico e de construção teórica foi conduzido conforme a abordagem da teoria fundamentada, usando o trabalho de Straus e Corbin (2008) como norteador do processo de categorização. Para organizar o agrupamento de categorias foi utilizado o trabalho de Gioia, Corley e Hamilton (2012). Inúmeras ações de misbehaviour foram identificadas nos resultados, por exemplo: consumo de produtos e matéria primas na empresa, descumprimento de horário de trabalho e de normas de segurança, sabotagem nas vendas, tratamento grosseiro a clientes, fofoca, comportamento agressivo, esnobe ou preconceituoso com colegas de trabalho, furto de matérias-primas e de receitas confidenciais, dentre outras ações. Diante disso, o estudo conclui indicando que misbehaviour é uma forma de resistência que extrapola as fronteiras organizacionais e a relação de oposição contra o management, que é influenciado pelas dimensões individual, organizacional e social.

The overall aim of this thesis is to obtain an understanding of Emergency Healthcare Work (EHW) at the Emergency Department (ED), including the competencies required by EHW, and based on practitioners' and managers' perspectives. Methods: In study I, a quantitative method was employed. A questionnaire was sent to all Swedish EDs and data was analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. In studies II- IV, qualitative methods were used. In study II, participant observations and individual and group interviews were conducted. In studies III-IV individual and group interviews were conducted. In studies II-IV, data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: According to head nurses, basic nursing education does not lead to sufficient competence for working at an ED and thus supplementary formal education is needed. A minority of head nurses perceive that they are completely responsible for creating preconditions for competence development (study I). The EHW is characterized by rapid, brief and standardized encounters with limited scope for providing individualized care. Practitioners strive to be adaptable by structuring EHW and they cooperate to achieve a good workflow (study II). Management is characterized by a command and control approach. Managers experience EHW as lifesaving work and they experience difficulties in meeting the expectations of their staff (study III). There is also tension between professional groups in EDs as well as hierarchical boundaries that influence the possibilities to develop competencies in EHW. The focus on competence in EHW is on account of the emergency and lifesaving nature of its actions. Purely medical competencies are valued and caring competencies are subsequently downgraded. A medical competence approach consolidates the current view of competencies necessary in everyday work in EDs (study IV). Conclusions: EHW and the competencies required by EHW are defined from a purely medicalized and result-driven viewpoint. Patients' medical needs are given greater importance than their caring needs. Medicalized and result-driven EHW makes it difficult to provide individualized care. This difficulty is a hindrance to the implementation of a holistic view in EHW. / <p>Akademisk avhandling som för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen vid Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet kommer att offentligt försvaras Fredagen den 12 december, kl. 09.00 i hörsalen 2119 Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa, Arvid Wallgens Backe, Hus 2, Göteborg</p><p>I. Andersson, H. &amp; Nilsson, K. (2009). Questioning Nursing Competences in Emergency Health Care. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35, 305-311. II. Andersson, H., Jakobsson, E., Furåker, C. &amp; Nilsson, K. (2012). The everyday work at a Swedish emergency department - The practitioners' perspective. International Emergency Nursing. 20, 58-68. III. Andersson, H., Wireklint Sundström, B., Nilsson, K. &amp; Jakobsson Ung, E. (2014). Management of everyday work in Emergency Departments – An exploratory study with Swedish Manager. International Emergency Nursing. 22, 190-196. IV. Andersson, H., Wireklint Sundström, B., Nilsson, K. &amp; Jakobsson Ung, E. (2014). Competencies in Swedish emergency departments - The practitioners' and managers' perspective. International Emergency Nursing. 22, 81-87.</p>

Testing and analysis of measurement data is a major part of the workday for development engineers within the section Fluid and Emission Treatment to assure the quality of products developed by Scania CV. The ineluctable variation and therefore uncertainty of results can be quantified and discussed with the use of statistical methods. The overall objective of this study is to examine how the competence of development engineers can be improved within the area of statistics. This has been done by relating the concept of competence with the use of statistical methods to analyse experimental data and by investigating which factors that influence the competence of the engineers. Observations of the daily operations, interviews and a focus group with development engineers and a workshop with management personnel, has been used as research methods in this study. The results show that the desired competence, from the perspective of the individual, consists of knowledge, motivation and support. It is important that none of these parts are neglected when the competence of engineers is to be strengthened. The demand of statistical analysis by management and decision makers is a factor that has been shown to have great influence on the competence of development engineers. The competence of development engineers is also influenced by which tools and other types of support the organisation offers. The conclusion is that competence development is more comprehensive than a one-time-effort, as for example a short course, since the competence needs to be maintained and develop as the business evolves. A continuous support from the organisation would probably contribute to a more active development of competence. Knowledge sharing between colleagues on internal digital platforms has great potential and could be a component of a continuous support for the development engineers. / Provtagningar och analys av mätdata är en stor del av utvecklingsingenjörernas arbetsvardag inom sektionen Fluid and Emission Treatment för att säkerställa kvalitén på de produkter som Scania CV AB utvecklar. Den ofrånkomliga variationen och därmed osäkerheten i resultat kan kvantifieras och diskuteras med statistiska metoder. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur utvecklingsingenjörernas kompetens inom statistikämnet kan förstärkas. Detta har gjorts genom att relatera kompetensbegreppet till användningen av statistiska metoder för att analysera experimentella data samt utreda vilka faktorer som påverkar ingenjörens kompetens. Observationer av verksamheten, intervjuer och en fokusgrupp med utvecklingsingenjörer samt en workshop med personer i ledande befattning har använts som forskningsmetod i studien. Resultatet visar att den önskade kompetensen, ur individens perspektiv, består av tre delar, kunskap, motivation och stöd. Det är viktigt att ingen av dessa delar bortses ifrån när ingenjörernas kompetens ska utvecklas. Efterfrågan av statistiska analyser från chefer och beslutsfattare är en faktor som har visat sig ha stor påverkan på utvecklingsingenjörernas kompetens. Vilka hjälpmedel och övriga stöd som erbjuds från organisationen har även stor inverkan på kompetensen. Slutsatsen är att kompetensutvecklingen är mer omfattande än en punktinsats, som exempelvis en kort kurs, eftersom kompetensen måste underhållas samt utvecklas vartefter verksamheten utvecklas. Ett kontinuerligt stöd från organisationen bidrar sannolikt till en mer aktiv kompetensutveckling. Kunskapsdelning mellan kollegor via interna digitala plattformar har stor potential och skulle kunna utgöra en del av ett kontinuerligt stöd för utvecklingsingenjörerna.