Orientador: Márcia Guimarães da Silva / Coorientador: Rodrigo Paupério Soares de Camargo / Banca: Gisele Alborghetti Nai / Banca: Denise Fecchio / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: Changes in the Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expression throughout pregnancy are not well established but in pregnancy complications higher expression have been described. To evaluate expression of PTX3 in amniotic fluid (AF) throughout the last weeks of normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by preterm delivery (PTD). A crosssectional study was conducted with 120 pregnant women in term and PTD. Samples of AF from all patients were obtained during cesarean section. Amniochorion membranes were collected to localization of PTX3 using immunohistochemistry. Regarding term pregnancies, PTX3 expression increased slightly throughout weeks, but these expressions are not statistically different. Among preterm pregnancies, those with preterm labor (PL) had a higher PTX3 levels than those not in labor and there was a risk increased of 1% in the occurrence of PL when there was a rise of 1 pg/mL of PTX3. Amniotic epithelial, chorionic and decidual cells presented immunoexpression of PTX3. PTX3 is a physiologic constituent of the AF, and its expression is elevated in the presence of spontaneous PL suggesting that PTX3 play a role in the innate immune response during the gestational complications that are related with an infectious/inflammatory conditions. The amniochorion membranes are sources of PTX3 / Mestre

240 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-29T13:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Claudio Avena.pdf: 1712613 bytes, checksum: 47e75b9a415e4f17644a8644d148405e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-10T20:42:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Claudio Avena.pdf: 1712613 bytes, checksum: 47e75b9a415e4f17644a8644d148405e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T20:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Claudio Avena.pdf: 1712613 bytes, checksum: 47e75b9a415e4f17644a8644d148405e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O acesso democrático ao ensino superior público deve ser uma meta almejada pela sociedade brasileira por uma questão de justiça social. Movido por isto, neste estudo objetiva-se verificar se o vestibular da Universidade Federal da Bahia é um mecanismo de seleção que acaba por perpetuar a condição sócio-econômica do candidato ao vestibular. Em outras palavras, faz-se a hipótese de que o candidato de posição socioeconômica menos (mais) elevada, seja porque dispõe de menos (mais) tempo para estudar, a renda familiar é mais (menos) baixa e/ou a educação dos pais é menor (maior), além de outras variáveis de controle, realiza uma auto-seleção, excluindo-se dos cursos de maior (menor) prestígio. Metodologicamente o trabalho se baseia em modelos matemáticos e econométricos inéditos distribuídos em duas etapas: na primeira, estimam-se as demandas agregadas pelos cursos da Universidade e, na segunda, se desenvolvem dois modelos: um teórico sobre o comportamento do vestibulando em termos da escolha do curso, sendo esta escolha influenciada pela sua demanda, e um empírico de função de produção educacional derivado do modelo teórico. A demanda pelos cursos, portanto, é o elo de ligação entre as duas etapas. Este trabalho é uma contribuição original para a literatura brasileira do vestibular pelas seguintes razões: 1) inova-se ao abordar a temática da seletividade social do vestibular por meio de modelos microeconômicos expressos matematicamente que estabelecem o arcabouço para a análise estatística realizada; 2) inova-se também ao integrar o mercado de trabalho com o acesso ao ensino superior por meio dos dados da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (PED-RMS), o que proporciona uma análise rica e sistemática sobre o tema da seletividade social do vestibular; 3) utilizam-se o escore do curso como sendo o escore esperado pelo candidato, além de o tempo de estudo como um recurso econômico que discrimina a escolha do curso superior; 4) o uso da Econometria reforça os resultados encontrados na medida em que é uma técnica que permite o controle simultâneo de múltiplas variáveis que afetam o desempenho acadêmico. As conclusões corroboram a hipótese de que se perpetua a condição social do candidato e reproduz-se a estrutura econômico-social. Com efeito, evidenciam-se as desvantagens do candidato mais pobre por meio dos seguintes aspectos. Observa-se que a renda e a sua variação afetam, de forma diferenciada, o desempenho acadêmico, favorecendo a quem é mais rico e prejudicando a quem é mais pobre. Ademais, para igual redução nas horas de estudo (ou aumento de horas trabalhadas), a redução no desempenho no vestibular é maior quanto menor o nível socioeconômico. Os cálculos de elasticidades também evidenciam as grandes vantagens comparativas dos mais aquinhoados financeiramente. Os cálculos de produtividade do tempo de estudo mostram que para cada hora adicional de estudo, o candidato de maior nível de renda familiar obtém um incremento cerca de duas vezes maior no escore do que o candidato de menor renda. Como conseqüência, os custos educacionais dos mais ricos são menores do que os dos mais pobres. Isto revela a importância de que se adotem políticas públicas que promovam o aumento do estoque de capital dos mais carentes e, como resultado, se obtenha uma maior equalização nesses custos de modo a se promover uma maior equidade no acesso ao ensino superior. / Salvador

A total of 60% of the area of Alagoas / Brazil is considered endemic to the occurrence of schistosomiasis and is not known the classification of clinical forms of the disease. This work has the objective of evaluating an endemic Schistosomiasis population in Alagoas, taking into account the prevalence, classification of the clinical forms and the results of laboratorial analysis. The sample was made of people from endemic areas of Rio Largo/Alagoas. The participants were submitted to a stool examination by Kato-Katz technique and the diagnostic was made after the reading of two microscopic slides for each sample. The patients positive for schistosomiasis mansoni were submitted to a clinical examination and blood collection. The positivity for Schistosomiasis observed in the population under study was of 8.11%. The medium parasite load was of 79,1+174,3 eggs. The clinical forms found were intestinal (90.57%) and hepatointestinal (9.43%), statistically significant at p<0.001. There were not found serious clinical forms. The present study shows results which update information on Schistosomiasis in the city of Rio Largo, data that, although referring to only three locations of this place, suggest the decrease of the parasite load and the clinical forms as well. / Em torno de 60% do território do estado de Alagoas é considerado área endêmica para esquistossomose mansoni, sendo observadas áreas de moderada a alta prevalência com mais de dois milhões de indivíduos expostos à infecção, não sendo conhecido o atual estadiamento das formas clínicas da parasitose. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a população de uma área endêmica de esquistossomose no Estado de Alagoas em relação à prevalência, estadiamento das formas clínicas e dados de exames laboratoriais. A amostra foi constituída de moradores de três áreas endêmicas (Ilha Angelita, Lourenço de Albuquerque e Fazenda Riachão) do município de Rio Largo, Estado de Alagoas. Foram realizados 3.082 exames parasitológico de fezes através da técnica Kato-Katz, sendo o diagnóstico firmado após a leitura de duas lâminas para cada amostra. Do total das amostras, 249 foram positivos para Schistosoma mansoni , correspondendo a uma prevalência de 8,11%. Estes pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico e coleta de sangue para realização de exames laboratoriais. A média da carga parasitária encontrada foi de 79,1+174,3 ovos. As formas clínicas encontradas foram a intestinal (90,57%) e hepatointestinal (9,43%) sendo uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas formas clínicas graves. O presente estudo apresenta resultados que atualizam dados sobre a esquistossomose mansônica no município de Rio Largo e embora sejam referentes a três localidades, sugerem haver uma diminuição da carga parasitária e das formas clínicas graves.

Title: Prague grammar school teacher's approach to their student's preparation for biology admission exams to chosen universities Author: Bc. Tereza Hajžmanová Department: Department of Biology and Enviromental studies Supervisor: RNDr. Lenka Pavlasová Ph.D. Abstract: Students' preparation for biology and science studies on the university level is highly influenced by their biology teachers. Therefore it is very important to know the facts about this preparation: for example, how often it takes place, in which ways, which methods teachers consider successful, if they tailor the content of their lessons to the requirements of certain universities etc. By compiling a list of universities providing biology centred programs and by determining the level of applicants' success in these fields, I identified the most popular biology programs. Subsequently, the requirements of admission tests of these programs were analysed in order to maximize the success of the applicants. From these data, educators can learn how to prepare their students. The practical part of this thesis contains a research: I approached 186 biology teachers at Prague grammar schools with a questionnaire survey. Using these questionnaires I came up with the data showing how and under what conditions they prepare their students for admission...

Esta pesquisa observa, em três levantamentos ao longo de seis anos, as táticas de leitura e estudo de estudantes de primeiro ano da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), com ênfase em sua apropriação dos títulos da lista de leituras recomendadas para a prova de Literatura do vestibular. Tem como objetivo compreen-der a dinâmica de alternância de plataformas para apropriação de conteúdo por parte dos leitores, investigando as práticas socioculturais ligadas ao livro e outros suportes paralelos, em uma perspectiva que se estabelece a partir do campo da Comunicação. Integrada à linha de pesquisa Mediações e Representações Culturais e Políticas, a tese problematiza resultados da dissertação de mestrado do autor, que havia realizado le-vantamento em 2011, com 263 alunos, prospectando usos de suportes paralelos ao livro. Foram realizadas rodadas adicionais de pesquisa em 2014, com 269 estudantes; e 2016, com 135, totalizando 667 alunos de 11 cursos, que responderam a um questio-nário autopreenchido distribuído em sala de aula; e 31 entrevistas semiestruturadas telefônicas, para triangulação. Como referências teóricas, empregam-se conceitos de Ted Striphas (2011), Henry Jenkins (2008), John B. Thompson (2008; 2012), Roger Char-tier (1998; 2001), Robert Darnton (2009) e Thomas Bredehoft (2014), entre outros au-tores. Metodologicamente, adota-se o modelo de instâncias de Maria Immacolata Vas-sallo de Lopes (2003). Entre os resultados, observa-se um aumento progressivo da su-perposição de suportes por parte dos estudantes amostrados ao longo dos três perío-dos, paralelo a um deslocamento em direção à variedade de suportes dentro das pró-prias listas de vestibular da UFRGS (que a tese analisa desde sua criação, em 1999, até o concurso de 2017). A análise de dados quantitativos e dos acertos da turma de 2014 aponta que a variedade de suportes empregada pelos alunos não foi determinante para o escore nas provas, embora possa ser indicativa de preferências individuais e, mesmo, coletivas. Após a análise categorial das entrevistas semiestruturadas, propõe-se a hipótese de que os alunos manipulam ativamente a dimensão dos suportes de conteúdo, construindo canais de comunicação personalizados e às vezes únicos, a par-tir de uma conjugação de conveniência pessoal, gosto e, também, efeitos de represen-tação indicativos de pressão coercitiva herdada da cultura do livro. / This research observes, in three surveys over six years, the reading and study tactics of first year students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), with emphasis on their appropriation of the titles of the recommended readings list for the Literature test of the entrance examination. Its objective is to understand the dy-namics of the alternation of platforms for the appropriation of content by the readers, investigating the sociocultural practices associated with the book and other parallel supports, in a perspective that is established from the field of Communication. Inte-grated into the research line of Mediation and Cultural Representations and Policies, the dissertation problematizes the results of the master's thesis of the author, who had carried out a survey in 2011 with 263 students, prospecting uses of supports parallel to the book. Additional rounds of research were conducted in 2014, with 269 students; and 2016, with 135, totaling 667 students from 11 courses, who answered a self-administered questionnaire distributed in the classroom; and 31 telephone semi-structured interviews for triangulation. As a theoretical reference, concepts of Ted Stri-phas (2011), Henry Jenkins (2008), John B. Thompson (2008, 2012), Roger Chartier (1998, 2001), Robert Darnton (2009) and Thomas Bredehoft 2014), among other au-thors, have been employed. Methodologically, it adopts the instances model of Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes (2003). Among the results, there is a progressive in-crease in the overlap of supports by students over the three periods, parallel to a dis-placement towards the variety of supports within the UFRGS' own readings lists (which the dissertation analyzes from its creation, in 1999, until the contest of 2017). The analysis of quantitative data and the correct answers of the class of 2014 indicates that the variety of supports used by the students was not determinant for the score in the tests, although it can be indicative of individual and even collective preferences. After the categorical analysis of the semi-structured interviews, the hypothesis is proposed that the students actively manipulate the dimension of content supports, building per-sonalized and sometimes unique communication channels, from a combination of per-sonal convenience, taste and, also, representational effects indicative of coercive pres-sure inherited from the book culture.

In my master thesis, I examined whether the psychological stress and from it resulting changes in eating habits at college students may affect the development of obesity. I described the risk factors affecting obesity and defined recommendations on how to prevent this disease. In the practical part research results are beeing evaluated by changes in dietary or other lifestyle factors that affect the development of obesity. The sample was separated in two groups of respondents: students of study program medical assistante - nurse in a full-time and combined way of studying. The research result shown considerable differences in the lifestyles of the respondents of both groups observed during the examination period and beyond of it.

In the today?s time of the social services transformation it comes to the strengthening of the role of the municipality, as the basic civil community, which can react on the actual social needs of its inhabitants most effectively. This trend signals inter alia, the law concerning social services. The content shows that the municipalities, as the smallest territorially self-governing units, should accomplish the activity focusing on the active inquiry making of the needs of the social services within the inhabitants. The probed social needs afterwards create the basic information for the effective social services plan for the specific location. The social services plan processed on the basis of actually checked out social needs create elementary manager tool for controlling the social services which goal is the ensure of the availability and the quality of the social services with the effective finance spending.

Introduction: It had been suggested by a number of recent studies that ultrasonography could become an alternative to digital vaginal examination (VE) for assessing the progress of pregnant women in labour. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of ultrasonography was available. Systematic Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the success rate of ultrasonography in comparison with digital VE and the level of agreement between the two methods, in terms of estimating fetal head position, head station and cervical dilatation. Systematic Review Findings: This review found that ultrasonography has a higher success rate than digital VE in estimating fetal head position. Ultrasonography was also in high agreement with digital VE in estimating cervical dilatation, with insignificant difference in the success rate of the two methods in terms of detecting cervical dilatation. There was also a significant correlation between the two methods in estimating head station. However, it was also found by the review that, existing primary studies were mainly conducted in tertiary settings of developed countries. Further research was therefore needed from the perspective of non-tertiary settings and also from developing country settings. In addition, further research was also needed to assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in detecting active labour, since it is associated with cervical dilatation. The diagnostic performance of ultrasound in detecting engaged fetal head had also not been investigated, which is necessary because it is associated with head station. Primary Research Aim: As a consequence of these systematic review findings, a primary study was conducted in another clinical setting in a developing country. The aim was to investigate the reproducibility, practicality and acceptability of using ultrasonography to monitor the progress of pregnant women in labour. Research Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Ghana. The agreement between ultrasound and digital VE was statistically analysed for the estimation of fetal head position, head station and cervical dilatation. Further statistical analysis was conducted on the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in detecting engaged fetal head, and the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in detecting active labour. A quantitative survey of mothers’ acceptance of intrapartum ultrasound was also conducted. Lastly, caregivers’ views on the practicality of using ultrasound in this developing country setting was also investigated in a qualitative survey. Results of Primary Research: The results regarding reproducibility were as follows: (i) a high between-method agreement was found in the estimation of cervical dilatation, with high ultrasound sensitivity and specificity in detecting active labour; (ii) a statistically significant between-method agreement was found in the estimation of head station, with high ultrasound sensitivity and specificity in detecting engaged fetal head; (iii) a weak between-method agreement was found in the estimation of fetal head position, with ultrasound having a higher success rate than digital VE. The results regarding acceptability showed that most mothers accepted the use of intrapartum ultrasound, and were willing to have the procedure for their future care during labour and childbirth. They also preferred ultrasound to digital VE. With regards to practicality, the responses of caregivers indicate that the introduction of intrapartum ultrasound in this setting could serve as a good complement to digital VE in a number of ways. However, putting it into practice would require wider availability of physical and technical resources. Conclusion: The findings of the reproducibility study were consistent with existing studies in other clinical settings which were investigated in the systematic review. This suggests that ultrasound is a reliable method for assessing the progress of pregnant women in labour. In addition, the unique contribution to existing knowledge obtained from this study was a high ultrasound sensitivity and specificity in detecting active labour and engaged fetal head which were reported for the first time. The findings on mothers’ acceptability were also consistent with existing studies in other settings, which is an indication that there is high acceptance of intrapartum ultrasound by mothers from different settings and cultures. Lastly, caregivers’ views on the practicality of the use of ultrasound during labour indicate that the regular use of intrapartum ultrasound for assessing the progress of labour in pregnant women may require additional resources to make it practicable in this and other similar settings.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_mmsm_dr_arafo.pdf: 363537 bytes, checksum: 63c6ed9a8b9ecded120506264d2ecbb4 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O diagnóstico precoce das doenças periodontais é fundamental para a identificação da doença nos estágios iniciais. Com o intuito de incentivar o exame periodontal, uma nova metodologia, o Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) foi desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos, com o apoio da Academia Americana de Peridontologia e da Associação Dentária Americana. Este estudo foi realizado para analisar a relação entre o PSR e os principais parâmetros associados à patologia periodontal: sangramento à sondagem, presença de fatores retentivos de placa, profundidade de sondagem, recessão gengival, mobilidade dentária, envolvimento de furca, presença de placa bacteriana e perda óssea visível radiograficamente e também para comparar os dados obtidos entre o PSR e o exame convencional. 50 adolescentes com idade entre 15 a 19 anos e 50 indivíduos na faixa etária de 35 a 44 anos foram examinados clinicamente através da aplicação de índices que verificam a presença destes parâmetros e radiograficamente através das técnicas periapical e interproximal. Os resultados indicaram haver existência de uma associação significativa entre os códigos do PSR e os parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos, pois quanto maior o código do PSR, maior a probabilidade do dente apresentar um dos sinais citados acima. A comparação entre o método simplificado e o convencional mostrou haver concordância moderada e o autor conclui que o PSR deve ser usado, não como um instrumento para substituir o exame convencional e determinar o diagnóstico periodontal, mas como um exame simplificado capaz de verificar sinais associados às doenças periodontais. / The early diagnosis of periodontal pathologies is essential to identify diseases in initial stages. In order to promote periodontal examination, a new methodology, the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) was developed in the USA, supported by American Academy of Periodontology and American Dental Association. This study was conducted to analyses the relationship between PSR and the main parameters related to periodontal diseases: bleeding on probing, presence of plaque retentive factors, probing depth, gingival recession, dental mobility, furcation involvement, presence of bacterial plaque and bone loss identified by radiograph and also to compare the data obtained with PSR and the conventional method. Fifty adolescents aging from 15 to 19 years old and fifty subjects aging from 35 to 44 years old were examined clinically through application of indices which verify the presence of those parameters and radiographically through periapical and bitewing techniques. The results indicated existence of a significant association between PSR codes and radiographic and clinical parameters, because the higher the PSR code, the bigger the probability of a tooth having one of the signs mentioned above. The comparison between the simplified and the conventional method of examination revealed moderate concordance, and the author concludes that PSR must be used, not as a tool to substitute conventional examination and determine periodontal diagnosis, but as a simplified examination able to identify signs related to periodontal disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pastore_aa_dr_jabo.pdf: 830609 bytes, checksum: 9f2cd642584c1f7fe01245d09bec377a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho foi realizado utilizando a ultra-sonografia como método auxiliar na avaliação andrológica. Foram estudados imagens em planos diferentes nos testículos e glândulas vesicais, analisando a imagem e quantificando a escala de cinzas em pixel, além de aferir as medidas biométricas dos testículos e a forma testicular. Em uma fazenda no interior de São Paulo, 111 bovinos jovens da raça Nelore foram examinados dos 9 aos 15 meses. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos: Nelore tradicional (NeT); Nelore seleção (NeS); Nelore controle (NeC). O exame ultra-sonográfico foi realizado empregando o aparelho Pie Medical Scanner 200C, ligado a um transdutor linear de 7,5 e 8 MHz, com o auxílio do software “Echo Image Viewer” (EIV), sendo aferido a escala de cinzas (EC) dos testículos. A média obtida foi 30,43%; 30,51% e 31,44% para NeT; NeS; NeC, respectivamente. Em relação a EC nos planos de varreduras a média no período de 9 a 15 meses foi de 33,09% e 28,18% para o planos transversal e frontal. Não houve diferenças da EC para o testículo esquerdo e direito. Animais púberes e impúberes tiveram a média da EC diferente, bem como houve diferença significativa desta escala de cinzas nas diferentes idades, tanto no testículo quanto nas glândulas vesicais. A porcentagem nas diferentes formas testiculares foram 61,39%; 32,12%; 6,07%, 0,30% e 0% para as formas longo oval, longo moderado, oval esférico e esférico, respectivamente. A diferença testicular nas idades 9, 13 e 15 meses foi 5,15%, 3,54% e 2,64% respectivamente, não sendo considerado assimetria testicular. / This work was carried out using an ultrasound examination as an auxiliary method in the andrological evaluation. Images in different sections of testicles and vesical glands were studied by analyzing the image and quantifying the echogenicity of pixels, besides checking the biometric measures of testicles and testicle shape. In a ranch inland São Paulo state, 111 Nelore breed youthful bovines were examined from the 9th to the 15th month. These animals were divided in 3 groups: Nelore Traditional (NeT); Nelore Selection (NeS); Nelore Control (NeC). The ultrasound examination was carried out by using a Pie Medical Scanner 200C, connected to an 7,5 and 8-Mhz linear transducer, helped by the Echo Image Viewer (EIV) software, when the testicles grayscale (EC) was checked. The obtained average was 30,43%; 30,51% and 31,44% for NeT; NeS; NeC respectively. Regarding the GS in the scanning plans, the average in the 9 to 15 month period was 33,09% and 28,18% for the transversal and frontal plans. There were no differences from the left to the right testicles on the EC. Pubescent and Non-pubescent animals had different EC average, as well as there was a meaningful difference of this scale in the different ages, both in the testicle and in the vesical glands. The percentage in the different testicular shapes were 61,39%; 32,12%; 6,07%, 0,30% and 0% for the shapes long-oval, longmoderate, oval-spherical and spherical, respectively. The testicular difference in the ages 9, 13 and 15 months was 5,15%, 3,54% and 2,64% respectively, in which the testicular asymmetry was not considered.