Orientador: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon / Banca: José Eduardo Corrente / Banca: Rita Maria dos Santos Puga Barbosa / Banca: Flor Ernestina Martinez Espinosa / Banca: Evelyne Marie Therese Mainbourg / Resumo: A atividade física é definida como qualquer movimento corporal produzido pelos músculos esqueléticos que resulte em gasto energético maior que os níveis de repouso. Em mulheres não gestantes e com risco para desenvolver Diabetes Melito Gestacional (DMG), a atividade física pode contribuir para prevenir ou retardar o aparecimento da doença. Na gestação complicada pelo diabete materno, a atividade física regular favorece a normoglicemia e o adequado ganho de peso. A hipótese deste estudo é que a prática de atividade física regular, anterior à gestação, resulte em benefícios na gestação e previna o ganho de peso materno excessivo e o desenvolvimento do DMG. O Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) é um questionário estruturado, semiquantitativo, autoadministrado e de fácil entendimento, no qual as gestantes relatam o tempo gasto em 32 diferentes tipos de atividades cotidianas. Este questionário já foi validado em diferentes populações de gestantes, mas ainda não foi relacionado ao diagnóstico do DMG. O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar e avaliar a aplicabilidade do PPAQ e investigar possíveis associações entre atividade física prévia à gestação e a ocorrência de sobrepeso/obesidade e de DMG. Foram incluídas 250 gestantes, entre a 20ª e 28ª semanas de gestação, acompanhadas na assistência pré-natal de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, ou da Família, no município de Manaus/AM. As gestantes foram devidamente informadas e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Delineou-se um estudo de corte transversal, composto por dois segmentos: APLICABILIDADE do instrumento de avaliação de atividade física [PPAQ] em gestantes brasileiras e ASSOCIAÇÃO dos resultados do PPAQ com a ocorrência de sobrepeso, obesidade e DMG / Abstract: Not available / Doutor

Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) poses significant risk for maternal and neonatal health. Various guidelines have recommended healthy diets and enhancing physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive GWG. However, results of intervention studies are inconsistent in the developed countries, and there are no official guidelines and few interventions for GWG in China. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant studies on diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG so that practical suggestions can be provided to public health authorities in China. Methods This systematic review was performed using PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to search all relevant studies in English and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated diet and physical activity interventions to limit excessive GWG up to May 2014. The quality of included studies was assessed using CONSORT statement and JADAD scale. Results Nine studies describing diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG were incorporated in the systematic review. Overall, the contents of interventions were diverse, which consisted of one-to-one counselling, and community-based physical activity interventions. Weekly mailed newsletters and supportive telephone calls were used as assistive tools to remind pregnant women of limiting excessive GWG. Seven studies showed less weight gain in pregnant women receiving the intervention, of which four studies demonstrated a reduction in excessive GWG in women with varying body mass index (BMI) spanning the normal, overweight and obese categories, while three studies reported a reduction of excessive GWG only in normal weight women and obese women need to be paid attention in the future. Conclusions The effectiveness of diet and physical interventions to limit excessive GWG may not be confirmed because of limited quality or sample size of intervention studies. However, studies have demonstrated reduction of excessive GWG during pregnancy, in addition to persistent healthy behaviours following such interventions during pregnancy. Further meta-analyses of RCTs studies should be done to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese women. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:48:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741205.pdf: 1237222 bytes, checksum: 64dc7cc0b767061d32829ec944a4187c (MD5) / A atividade física é definida como qualquer movimento corporal produzido pelos músculos esqueléticos que resulte em gasto energético maior que os níveis de repouso. Em mulheres não gestantes e com risco para desenvolver Diabetes Melito Gestacional (DMG), a atividade física pode contribuir para prevenir ou retardar o aparecimento da doença. Na gestação complicada pelo diabete materno, a atividade física regular favorece a normoglicemia e o adequado ganho de peso. A hipótese deste estudo é que a prática de atividade física regular, anterior à gestação, resulte em benefícios na gestação e previna o ganho de peso materno excessivo e o desenvolvimento do DMG. O Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) é um questionário estruturado, semiquantitativo, autoadministrado e de fácil entendimento, no qual as gestantes relatam o tempo gasto em 32 diferentes tipos de atividades cotidianas. Este questionário já foi validado em diferentes populações de gestantes, mas ainda não foi relacionado ao diagnóstico do DMG. O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar e avaliar a aplicabilidade do PPAQ e investigar possíveis associações entre atividade física prévia à gestação e a ocorrência de sobrepeso/obesidade e de DMG. Foram incluídas 250 gestantes, entre a 20ª e 28ª semanas de gestação, acompanhadas na assistência pré-natal de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, ou da Família, no município de Manaus/AM. As gestantes foram devidamente informadas e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Delineou-se um estudo de corte transversal, composto por dois segmentos: APLICABILIDADE do instrumento de avaliação de atividade física [PPAQ] em gestantes brasileiras e ASSOCIAÇÃO dos resultados do PPAQ com a ocorrência de sobrepeso, obesidade e DMG

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology in Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / Introduction: Evidence suggests that pregnant women who lead sedentary lifestyles and have a poor knowledge of exercise during pregnancy are at risk of developing diseases like gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and low back pain along with many other chronic conditions. An exercise program during pregnancy has benefits for both the mother and the child. No studies have ascertained the knowledge and practices of exercise in pregnant women in South Africa, furthermore, there was a need to conduct research regarding exercise amongst South African pregnant women, particularly to determine whether any barriers to physical activity exist. Aim: To compare the knowledge and practices of pregnant women regarding exercise during pregnancy between a selected private practice and public clinic. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross sectional survey was used in this research study. The population consisted of pregnant women (n = 400) attending both public and private sector antenatal care in the Ethekwini municipal area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Public sector participants were drawn from the Addington Hospital public antenatal clinic and private sector participants were drawn from the gynaecological practice of Dr D Sankar. Purposive, stratified sampling was used. Following the signing of an informed consent form, data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A minimum sample size of 324 patients was calculated by the statistician. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages were used to describe the demographic profile of respondents and their physical activities. Inferential statistics, including Chi-Square tests of association and student t-tests were used to determine differences in proportions and means respectively between the two categories of participants. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to ascertain the measure of association between a risk factor and an outcome. Results: There were 198 (57.6%) participants from the private gynaecological practice and 146 (42.4%) from the public clinic at Addington Hospital. The mean age of the study population was 27.65 ± 5.3 years. Almost half of the study population were Indians (46.2%). Blacks made up the second largest proportion of the study population (39.2%). More than half of the study participants were involved in exercise during their pregnancy (57.1%). However, only 37% of the study population met the international criteria of physical activity, which is 30 minutes of moderate -intensity aerobic exercise, per day, for 5 days a week, during pregnancy as set out by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (2002). However, there was evidence of unstructured physical activity which increased the level of acceptable physical activity in the majority of participants 82.1%. Walking was the most common activity that the women engaged in from both the private sector (88.8%) and public clinic (89.3%). The average time spent on walking was more than 30 minutes a day. Household chores and climbing stairs also increased the levels of physical activity within the participants. Only a minority of participants (35.4%) stated that they were diagnosed with an adverse health condition, which prevented them from exercising. Some participants who did not exercise reported that fatigue was the reason for not being physically active (51.6%). Conclusion: Interventions need to be implemented to increase the knowledge of physical activity amongst pregnant women and the benefits that are associated with it. An attempt needs to be made by health practitioners to try and increase the level of physical activity among pregnant women, so that they may benefit from its effects. / M

Overweight and obesity are a growing national concern, particularly among women and selected minority populations (Ayala, Elder, Campbell, Slymen, Roy, Engelberg, et al., 2004; NHANES, 2003). Pregnant women bear a disproportionate risk of becoming overweight or obese (Greene, Smickikias-Wright, Scholl, & Karp, 1988; Gunderson et al., 2000; Rossner, 1999). Although exercise is a key factor in preventing overweight and obesity, women often decrease their exercise levels during pregnancy (McTigue, Garrett, & Popkin, 2002; Viau, Padula, & Eddy, 2002; Zhang & Savitz, 1996). Reported percentages of regular exercise during pregnancy have been documented as low as 5% in a predominately White population (Steele, 2002). Although there is ample evidence demonstrating that Hispanic women exercise less than White women during every other stage of life, little is known about how pregnant Hispanic and White women compare in exercise behaviors (Crespo, Smit, Andersen, Carter-Pokras, & Ainsworth, 2000). The purpose of this research was to study low-income White and Hispanic pregnant women to (1) determine the nature and the extent of exercise behaviors both before pregnancy and during pregnancy (2) identify factors that influence exercise behaviors (3) determine if there are differences in factors that influence exercise between ethnicities. Data were collected via a questionnaire developed by the author. A sample of 301 White and Hispanic pregnant women were recruited through the Women, Infants, and Children [WIC] agencies in four selected counties in Oregon. Although ACOG guidelines provide clear information on the benefits of exercise, over 90% of the women surveyed did not exercise at ACOG guidelines. A majority of the women, 57.8%, actually decreased exercise during pregnancy. Although ethnic differences did not exist in the prevalence of exercise during pregnancy, differences between ethnicities were found in the variety of exercise activities performed and behavioral factors that predicted exercise behavior. Analysis of these differences and the factors contributing to the overall low levels of exercise may provide critical information for future intervention program planning. Well targeted programs will ultimately decrease the excessive weight gain and subsequent increased risk for overweight or obesity that pregnant women face. / Graduation date: 2006

Based on a Ph. D Thesis--Glasgow University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Based on a Ph. D Thesis--Glasgow University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Based on a Ph. D Thesis--Glasgow University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-22. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864313.pdf: 5847541 bytes, checksum: 79d376f36de687b2301fef412b63caed (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivo: delinear, implementar e avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção - inserção sistematizada da promoção da alimentação saudável e caminhada no lazer na atenção pré-natal rotineira realizada por médicos e enfermeiros em unidades de saúde da família - sobre cinco práticas alimentares e a realização de caminhada no lazer por gestantes. Métodos: estudo de intervenção controlado, não randomizado, no qual participaram 42 médicos/enfermeiros e uma amostra (n=353) de gestantes por eles assistidas em unidades de atenção primária à saúde da rede pública do município de Botucatu-SP, Brasil. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: avaliação das mudanças em conhecimentos e práticas dos profissionais e avaliação do impacto da intervenção sobre os comportamentos das gestantes por eles assistidas. Na primeira, foi delineada e implementada uma ação educativa (AE), com 16 horas, presenciais, dirigida a médicos e enfermeiros que assistem gestantes em 9 unidades de saúde da família, com o objetivo de ampliar/adequar seus conhecimentos sobre alimentação e atividade física na gestação e organizar o processo de trabalho para a inserção sistematizada no pré-natal da promoção de 5 práticas alimentares (3 frutas diariamente; 2 porções de hortaliças e 2 de feijão, pelo menos em 5 dias da semana; consumo esporádico (no máximo uma vez por semana) de refrigerante e/ou biscoito industrializado) e da orientação das gestantes para a realização de caminhada no lazer. A AE incluiu um curso de imersão (8hs) com todos os profissionais e 3 oficinas de trabalho em cada unidade de saúde. Os conhecimentos e práticas dos participantes (n=22), antes e após a intervenção, foram comparados aos de um grupo controle (n=20), formado pelos profissionais de 8 unidades básicas de saúde de modelo tradicional (UBS) situadas no mesmo município e que não foram envolvidas na intervenção. Nos dois grupos, os conhecimentos... / Objective: to design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention - systematic insertion of promoting healthy eating and leisure-time walking during in routine prenatal care performed by doctors and nurses in family health care units - over five dietary practices and the realization of leisure-time walking at by pregnant women. Methods: this is a controlled intervention study, not randomized, in which took part 42 doctors/nurses and a sample (n=353) of pregnant women attended by those professionals in primary health care settings to public health care in the city of Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The study has been divided into two stages. The first one was the implementation and evaluation of an educational activity (EA), with 16 hours, by attendance, addressed to doctors and nurses who assist pregnant women in nine family health care units, in order to extend/adapt their knowledge of nutrition and physical activity during pregnancy and then introduce routinely and systematically in prenatal care the promotion of 5 dietary practices (3 fruit daily; 2 servings of vegetables and two servings of beans, at least 5 days a week; sporadic consumption (maximum once a week) of soda and / or industrialized cookie), and guidance of pregnant women to walking during leisure time. The knowledge and practices of the participants (n=22) before and after the EA, have been compared to a control group (n=20), formed by professionals of eight traditional health care units not involved in the educational activity. This knowledge has been evaluated in both groups with a self-applied questionnaire, elaborated for this research; practices (guidance for leisure-time walking and healthy eating) have been measured by interviews with pregnant women assisted by two professional groups, in their homes. We have generated two scores of knowledge (about walking and nutrition) and we have used ANOVA for repeated measures to assess changes before and after the ...