The US population over the age of 65 years is growing rapidly, with elderly women outnumbering men by 50 percent. Studies show that aging is often accompanied by reduced energy intake, inadequate nutrition, and the loss of lean body mass with a subsequent increase in body fat, as well as the tendency towards inactivity. An increased level of physical activity elevates energy needs, which can lead to increased energy and nutrient intake, and has been shown to aid in the maintenance of lean body mass and the reduction of body fat. Positive health outcomes for seniors depends partly on a clearer understanding of the interrelationships between physical activity, diet, and body composition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether higher overall levels of physical activity among elderly women, were related to higher energy intake, nutrient adequacy, and less body fat, and to what extent age affected these associations. Sixty-three elderly women (aged 65-98 years) volunteers completed a three part study spanning 14 weeks. Mean level of physical activity (MLPA) and mean nutrient intakes were estimated using nine self-reported days of records, three predetermined days from each of three recording periods. MLPA was determined from self-reported hours spent in five physical activity categories (resting, very light, light, moderate, and heavy), multiplied by corresponding weighted factors of intensity (1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0, respectively). Nutrient analyses for seven vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12) and three minerals (calcium, iron, and zinc) were done using the Food Processor II computer software. A mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated for each subject as the average percent of the RDA for intakes of all 10 nutrients. Body composition assessment included triplicate measures of: height and weight from which body mass index (BMI) was determined; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and an estimation of percent body fat (PBF) from the sum of four skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac). It was determined that MLPA was not directly related to energy intake, nutrient adequacy, or the three body composition parameters. However, the correlation coefficients between MLPA and energy intake, mean adequacy ratio, and percent RDA for 8 of the 10 nutrients were positive, and the correlation coefficients between MLPA and all three body fatness measures were negative, as was expected. The small coefficient of variability of MLPA limited its discriminating power in determining associations with energy intake, nutrient adequacy, and body composition. Backward stepwise regression models were conducted to distinguish potential confounding effects of age, education, and MLPA on the variables kcal/day, kcal/kg/day, MAR, BMI, WHR, and PBF. Age was found to account for the largest portion of the variations, and was greater than the contribution of MLPA for all of these variables, except in the case of kcal/kg/day. When the subjects were divided into young-old (65-74 yr) and old-old (75-98 yr) subgroups, the younger compared to the older women were found to be more active as measured by MLPA (p=.02), explained by their engaging in more light activities of daily living (p=.04). The young-old compared to the old-old women consumed more kcalories/day (p=.01), and had a higher MAR score (p=.00). The nutrient densities of the two groups' diets were not significantly different. The younger women had slightly lower BMI, WHR, and PBF values. This study revealed age, rather than MLPA, was a better predictor of some parameters of diet adequacy and body fatness among this sample of elderly women. In addition, consistently higher levels of physical activity and greater dietary adequacy and was found among the younger compared to the older portions of this sample of senior women, suggesting that nutrition intervention programs for the elderly should encourage daily activeness as a strategy to maintain or improve dietary adequacy with advancing age. / Graduation date: 1993

The percentage of the American population who are 65 years old or older is rapidly increasing, especially the proportion of women. It is becoming crucial to encourage lifestyle behaviors that will enable senior women to remain in optimal health. Following the 1990 Dietary Guidelines' recommendations to limit fat intake and consume adequate amounts of dietary fiber has been shown to positively impact longevity and health status in the elderly by decreasing risk factors for chronic diseases. An expected outcome of engaging in regular exercise is a reduction in body fat, which is also associated with a lowered incidence of several chronic illnesses. However, the literature clearly indicates that nutritional quality of the diet and involvement in regular exercise decrease with increasing age. There is evidence that, with the adoption of one health enhancing behavior, there is a greater tendency to engage in other health promoting behaviors, but little data exist on the healthseeking behaviors of older adults. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if there were identifiable differences between self-defined exercising and self-defined non-exercising elderly women with respect to their nutrient intake, food sources of dietary fat and fiber, dietary change behavior, and body composition parameters, considering their age and education and income levels. The objective was to determine whether those women who had consciously undertaken a regular exercise program would also have higher micronutrient intakes, make lower fat and higher fiber food choices, report having made more dietary changes in the direction of the 1990 Dietary Guidelines, and have leaner body compositions than those who had not undertaken such a program. Thirty-three elderly women self-reported exercisers (mean age 74.1 years) and 30 self-reported non-exercisers (mean age 71.3 years) were enrolled in a 14 week study. Exercisers were defined as those who reported having engaged in a regular program of planned exercise a minimum of 15 minutes per session, 2 times per week, for at least the last year, and non-exercisers were those who had not. They kept three, 7-day food records at 5 week intervals. Nutrient intake was estimated from 9 days of food records, 3 predetermined days from each recording period, using the Food Processor n software. Dietary intakes were analyzed for energy, macronutrients, dietary fiber, and selected micronutrients. Food sources of dietary fat and fiber were determined using a food categorization adapted from Popkin and coworkers (1989). Information concerning dietary change behavior, obtained from questionnaire responses, was compared between groups using chisquare tests. Body composition, assessed through repeat measurements during each dietary recording period, included determination of percent body fat through skinfolds, waist-to-hip-ratio and body mass index. Average 9-day nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures were compared between groups using t-tests or Mann- Whitney U tests. Both elderly women exercisers and non-exercisers had similar energy, macronutrient, and dietary fiber intakes based on 9-day means. Their total fat intakes, expressed in grams and as percentages of energy, were not significantly different. Both groups consumed a lower percentage of their daily kcalories as total fat (32%) compared with national surveys of women over 65 (36%). Exercisers consumed more total vitamin A (p=.03) and carotene (p=.00) than the non-exercising women. A great proportion of both groups did not meet 75 % of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for calcium and zinc. A larger proportion of the exercisers than the non-exercisers reported using lower fat cheese (p=.02) and green and yellow vegetables (p=.03), which partially explained their higher total vitamin A and carotene intakes. Exercisers obtained less of their total fat intake from lower fat milk (p=.02) and more of their fat intake from lower fat lunch meats (p=.04) than the non-exercisers. The categories of legumes (p=.02) and lower fiber vegetables (p=.05) supplied greater amounts of dietary fiber for the exercisers compared with the non-exercisers. When asked about dietary changes made over the past decade, a greater percentage of the exercisers than non-exercisers reported having decreased red meat intake (p=.05) and increased consumption of cereals (p=.05) and legumes (p=.00). Actual intake data showed that the legume food category contributed more dietary fiber to the diets of the exercisers than the non-exercisers (p=.02). No differences were found in body fat measures between the exercisers and non-exercisers. The lack of observed differences between the two groups reinforces what other researchers have found, that a large number of factors influence body composition, of which exercise is only one. More research is needed to distinguish the interactions of age, energy intake, and physical activity on the body fatness of elderly women, as well as the most accurate instruments for assessing body composition for this age group. Exercise participation among elderly women in this study appeared to be associated with several positive dietary behaviors. Elderly women exercisers compared to non-exercisers made food choices leading to higher total vitamin A and carotene intakes, and also reported making more changes in food consumption behaviors in the direction of current dietary recommendations. These observed outcomes provide support for designing health-promotion programs for elderly women which include both nutrition education and exercise components. / Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2008.

Thesis (M.S.), Kinesiology and Health Studies--University of Central Oklahoma, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-48).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000831463.pdf: 356690 bytes, checksum: e5a29143aa479ec1837977b631e7d3ee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O cenário epidemiológico atual confirma a transição dos padrões de ocorrências de doenças nas últimas décadas, mudança denominada transição epidemiológica, caracterizada pela diminuição da ocorrência de doenças infectocontagiosas, e incremento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). No Brasil, estas representam cerca de 72% de todas as mortes do país. A inatividade física juntamente com outros fatores comportamentais, como uso de tabaco e perfil alimentar são responsáveis por cerca de 80% da carga total das principais doenças crônicas. Com a abrangência do Sistema Único de Saúde e a implantação de programas de atividade física em unidades de atenção primária à saúde e a baixa adesão de idosos a estes programas o estudo tem como objetivo apreender das experiências dos idosos os condicionantes da adesão e da desistência dos mesmos ao programa de atividade física orientada na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Pesquisa qualitativa, com a utilização de formulário e entrevista não diretiva, aplicados aos dois grupos de indivíduos: grupo adesão (GA) e grupo desistentes (GD), com a metodologia de análise por análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Como resultados, ficou evidente que a adesão ou a desistência de idosos a programas de atividade física em unidades de atenção primária à saúde são provenientes de uma série de eventos multifatoriais, corroborando para adesão aspectos como sensação prazerosa com a realização do exercício, melhoria das condições de saúde, cumprimento de recomendações de profissionais da área de saúde e convívio social e para aspectos que estimulam a desistência o desgosto em realizar exercícios, piora da condição de saúde, cumprimento de contraindicação de profissionais de saúde, priorização de outras atividades do dia a dia, percepção negativa das condições de infraestrutura relacionadas ao programa de exercícios e diferença de ... / The current epidemiological scenario confirms the transition patterns of occurrences of diseases in recent decades, a change called epidemiological transition, characterized by decreased occurrence of infectious-contagious diseases and higher chronic non-communicable diseases (NTCDs). In Brazil, they represent about 72% of all deaths in the country. Physical inactivity, together with other behavioral factors, such as the use of tobacco and dietary profile, are responsible for about 80% of the total burden of major chronic diseases. Considering that the Brazilian Centralized Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) has encompassed and implemented physical activity programs in primary healthcare units, and considering the low adherence of elderly people to these programs, the purpose of this study is to capture from the experience of elderly people the factors that condition their adherence to and dropout from oriented physical activity in the Family Health Strategy. Qualitative research, using forms and non-conducive interview, administered to two groups of individuals: adherence group (AG) and dropout group (DG), with analysis methodology through analysis of thematic type of contents. The results show that elderly people's adherence to or dropout from physical activity programs in primary healthcare units originate from a series of multifactoria aspects as pleasant feeling to the realization exercise, improve health conditions, compliance with recommendations of professionals in health and social life and aspects that stimulate the dropout is sorrow in exercise tolerance, worsening health condition, compliance with contraindication for health professionals, prioritize other daily life activities, negative perception of the conditions of infrastructure related to exercise and fitness difference between program participants. Recommend actions to minimize the withdrawal of the elderly from physical exercise in primary care settings ... / FAPESP: 13/11579-0(modelo:caso nao houver deletar/se tiver 2 n s abrir outro C)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTINA BRUST.pdf: 1148189 bytes, checksum: 4c679b5c7a4fd2aa51d98dbc0f7178ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research is to present the implementation of the Active Aging exercise program in Health Centers (HC) and its influence in the functional aptitudes of the paticipant aged women. The research was carried through in four HC of Florianópolis (Córrego Grande, Rio Tavares, Saco Grande and Estreito Polyclinic), participants of the Aged Health program, which develops the Active Aging exercise program. This study is characterized as the descriptive type and was divided in two stages. In the first one the implementation of the program was investigated. The collection of this stage was carried ugh by means of interviews and questionnaires where took part in the sample the HC doctor, nurse and some other employee (receptionist, administrative assistant,...) of each participant HC, the teachers/trainees and the aged women who participate in the exercise program since its beginning, in July of 2006. The qualitative method for content analysis was used for the data analysis. In a second stage the functional aptitude of the aged women was evaluated through the Battery of Tests of the American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance AAHPERD, which is composed of five motor tests that evaluate components of the functional aptitude. The sample was composed of aged women who participate in the exercise program since its beginning, in July of 2006, and who took part in the collections of July/2006, December/2006, March/2007 and July/2007. The data was organized in the Microsoft Excel program and analyzed in the statistical program SPSS 13.0 for Windows. For the results analysis a MANOVA with a reliable interval of 95% was used. It was evidenced that the program had an influence on the physical aptitudes (F(15)= 9,311; p<0,001), acting with a general effect of 49% (&#951;²=0,49). Through comparison analyses of the main effects, it was evidenced that the variables that contributed the most for such were coordination, aerobic resistance and upper body strength. However, for the aptitudes flexibility and agility, no significant difference was observed. For the city in study, to evaluate the implementation of an exercise program for aged, in a model of attention to the promotion of the population life quality is necessary, because to subsidize researches with data based on significant experiences that can favor the improvement of this strategy also contributes for the rising of new intervention proposals, aiming to integrate them to the community demands. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever a implementação do programa de ginástica Idoso Ativo nos Centros de Saúde (CS) e sua influência nas aptidões funcionais das idosas participantes. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro CS de Florianópolis (Córrego Grande, Rio Tavares, Saco Grande e Policlínica do Estreito), participantes do programa Saúde do Idoso, o qual desenvolve o programa de ginástica Idoso Ativo. Este estudo é caracterizado do tipo descritivo e foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira foi investigada a implementação do programa. A coleta desta etapa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e questionários onde fizeram parte da amostra o médico responsável pelo CS, enfermeiro e algum outro funcionário (recepcionista, auxiliar administrativo,...) de cada CS participante, as professoras/estagiárias e as idosas que participam do programa de ginástica desde o seu início, no mês de julho de 2006. Utilizou-se o método qualitativo de análise de conteúdo para a análise dos dados. Na segunda etapa foi avaliada a aptidão funcional das idosas através da Bateria de Testes da American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance AAHPERD, a qual é composta por cinco testes motores que avaliam componentes da aptidão funcional. A amostra foi composta pelas idosas que participam do programa de ginástica desde o seu início, no mês de julho de 2006, e que realizaram as coletas em julho/2006, dezembro/2006, março/2007 e julho/2007. Os dados foram organizados no programa Microsoft Excel e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Para a análise dos resultados encontrados foi utilizada uma MANOVA com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Constatou-se que o programa influenciou nas aptidões físicas (F(15)= 9,311; p<0,001), agindo com um efeito geral de 49% (&#951;²0,49). Através de análises de comparação dos efeitos principais, constatou-se que as variáveis que mais contribuíram para tal foram a coordenação, resistência aeróbica e a força dos membros superiores. Contudo, para as aptidões flexibilidade e agilidade, não se observou diferença significativa. Para o município em estudo, avaliar a implementação de um programa de ginástica para idosos, num modelo de atenção na promoção da qualidade de vida da população se faz necessário, pois subsidiar pesquisas com dados baseados em experiências significativas que possam favorecer o aperfeiçoamento desta estratégia contribui também para a iniciativa de novas propostas de intervenção, visando integrá-las às demandas da comunidade.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mauren.pdf: 486407 bytes, checksum: a0dc4b4f40e5ca58fd0066570eab416f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This descriptive study aims to outline the chief features to set up programs which involve physical activity for the members of the Elderly Gatherin Groups in São José premises, settled in the public policies to promote local welfare. On the whole, one hundred and sixteen elderly were involved, nineteen Elderly Gathering Groups Coordinators, two Administrative Leaders of the local Elderly Support Office as well as an Elderly State Counselor. The collected data has arisen from previous stored collection (MAZO, 2005), interviews, and documental analysis covering the town Elderly Support Office. After the data analysis it was observed that most of the individuals are physically active females and happy towards their own health conditions, although presenting some illness indication. Further on, their current health situation is worse compared to their conditions five years ago making it more difficult on the physical practice exposure of 75% of the less active elderly. The town Elderly Support Network is settled in the Municipal Social Support Boarder, which within the Elderly Department runs the Elderly Assistance Center, framed to develop a wide range of activities for the old aged. Concerning the Physical Activity Programs offered for the elderly the following figures were observed: only 22,4% of the old aged are familiar with the Physical Activity Programs, while 76,7% of the old aged and 84% of the coordinators have not heard about it. Also, 81,9% do not take part of any Physical Activity Program and only 7,8% are Elderly Assistance Center participants. Surprisingly, 79% of the coordinators mentioned that the Physical Activity Programs do not fulfill the elderly needs. On the other hand, the Physical Activity Programs staff argues that accomplishment benefits only the individuals who attend the program regularly. According to the administrative leaders and 47% of the coordinators, affordable and political issues unable the broadening of the Physical Activity Programs. In order to improve Physical Activity Programs support, 37,9% of the old aged and 74% of the coordinators suggest Physical Education teachers hiring. Additionally, 16,4% of the elderly and 21% of the coordinators indicate that Physical Activity Programs should be offered in different areas of the city, besides Elderly Assistance Center. It is also suggested that new Gathering Groups should be established. According to the Elderly State Council, there are two possible ways to set up the Physical Activity Programs: through financial support provided by non-government organizations or through the City Hall sponsorship. Considering all the data mentioned above, it is indicated that some actions should be taken in order to improve and widen the Physical Activity Programs covering, like a better distribution of them, Physical Education teachers employment, conscious awareness of active aging, followed by the benefits of regular exercises practice, partnership with public and private institutions, adoption of the rules settled by Elderly Assistance Center as long as wider spreading of the local elderly support to the community in general. / O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos que estão relacionados às diretrizes necessárias para a formulação de programas e ações de atividade física para idosos participantes dos Grupos de Convivência do município de São José - SC, que embasem as políticas públicas de promoção de saúde municipal. Este estudo foi do tipo descritivo. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 116 idosos e 19 coordenadores participantes de grupos de convivência, dois dirigentes administrativos da rede de atendimento ao idoso do município de São José e um representante do Conselho Estadual do Idoso CEI de Santa Catarina. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: os resultados do banco de dados de pesquisa (MAZO, 2005); entrevistas com os sujeitos do estudo; e análise dos documentos sobre a rede de atendimento ao idoso do município. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e da análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que a maioria dos idosos é do sexo feminino, é ativa fisicamente, apresenta doenças, está satisfeita com sua saúde, o estado de saúde atual está pior quando comparada há cinco anos atrás e dificulta a prática de atividade física para 75% dos idosos pouco ativos. A Rede de atendimento aos idosos do município de São José está centrada na Secretaria Municipal da Ação Social, que por intermédio do Departamento da Terceira Idade, administra o Centro de Atenção à Terceira Idade - CATI. Neste Centro são realizadas diversas atividades para os idosos. Em relação aos programas de atividade física (PAF) oferecidos aos idosos do município, verificou-se que 76,7% dos idosos e 84% dos coordenadores não conhecem os PAF e apenas 22,4% dos idosos conhecem. Dos idosos, 81,9% não participa de nenhum PAF e somente 7,8% deles participam dos programas no CATI. Sobre os PAFs atenderem as necessidades dos idosos, 79% dos coordenadores dizem que não atendem. Para os dirigentes administrativos os PAF atendem as necessidades daqueles idosos que freqüentam os PAF do CATI regularmente. Os dirigentes e 47% dos coordenadores acreditam que existam dificuldades financeiras e políticas que prejudicam a expansão dos PAFs. Para melhorar o atendimento aos idosos com relação aos PAFs, 37,9% dos idosos e 74% dos coordenadores sugerem que sejam disponibilizados professores de Educação Física e 16,4% dos idosos e 21% dos coordenadores que sejam implantados PAFs em outros locais além do CATI. Os dirigentes acreditam que deva ser incentivada a criação de novos grupos de convivência. Para o CEI existem duas formas para realização dos PAFs, mediante convênio com organizações não-governamentais ou a ascensão do programa como ação própria da Prefeitura Municipal. Para tanto, sugere-se para melhorar e ampliar os PAF do município, as seguintes diretrizes: descentralização dos PAF; contratação de profissionais de Educação Física; conscientização sobre um envelhecimento ativo e benefícios da prática regular de atividade física; estabelecimento de parcerias com instituições públicas e privadas, a implementação das premissas previstas pelo CATI e maior divulgação do atendimento prestado ao público idoso do município para a comunidade em geral.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below