The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute effects of strenuous exercise on the following blood constituents: total cholesterol (TC) 1 triglycerides (TG) 1 high density lipoproteins (HDL-C) 1 and low density lipoproteins (LDL-C). A single case study was performed during a 20 day testing period. Two century bicycle rides ( 100 miles) were used as the strenuous exercise bouts. Blood samples were drawn each day and immediately after each 100 mile ride. A pre-set exercise and diet regimen were followed every day of the 20 day procedure. A t-test upon TC 1 TG 1 HDL-C 1 and LDL-C was done to determine the statistical significance between two 100 mile cycling rides and the training days. The change upon TC was an increase of 11.1mg/dl and the change upon TG was an increase of 66.8mg/dl. The t-tests upon both of these variables were found to be significant at the <0.05 level. The change upon HDL-C was an increase of 3.2mg/dl but a ttest showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. The change upon LDL-C was a decrease of 2.6mg/dl but a t-test showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. Total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) did not change and a t-test showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. The ratio stayed at 2.5 for the duration of the study period. It was determined that an acute bout of exercise significantly changed TC and TG levels. Total cholesterol mean values changed from 106.4mg/dl ± 1.11 to 117.5mg/dl ± 3. 53. Mean TG values changed from 66. 2mg/dl ± 4. 08 to 113mg/dl ± 16.97. The acute bout of exercise did not significantly change HDL-C or LDL-C. possibilities are discussed.

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The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of restricted movement and forced exercise on protein metabolism and body composition of adult rats. Half of the animals were restricted in movement and half of each group were forced to exercise by swimming for ten days. The study entailed a six day adjustment period, a four day balance study, and a ten day exercise period followed by another four day balance study. Weight change, food consumption, nitrogen retention, liver composition, and body composition were analyzed to test the effects of the treatments. Restricted animals retained less nitrogen than the controls, but negative nitrogen retentions expected when animals were losing weight did not occur. Changes in body fat correlated positively with body weight change. After about fifteen days of restriction, the animals seemed to adapt to the inactivity. This was indicated by an increase in food consumption and a dramatic change from weight loss to weight gain. Considerable variation existed in the ability of individual animals to adapt. Some animals did not adapt at all, and died early in the study. Other animals adapted readily and gained weight in excess of their initial weight loss. Ten minutes of swimming daily for ten days did not cause observable effects on the restriction. The adaptation seems to indicate that the expected weight loss and decreased nitrogen retentions will not be a problem. / M.S.

Increasing individual's physical activity in our country is a primary health promotion and disease prevention concern. Yet, much of the population remains sedentary and thus, at increased risk for several diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Unfortunately, programs promoting physical activity have had limited success in increasing activity and even less success in maintaining a program over time. The "Exercise for Everyone" program was designed to assess the effectiveness of behavior change strategies developed for maintenance on physical activity using individuals recruited through a community setting. Any type of moderate physical activity (e.g., vacuuming, gardening, walking, swimming etc.) was considered appropriate and encouraged. The researcher used the following behavior change strategies: telephone prompting, and self-control strategies: self-monitoring, participant set goals, self-reinforcement, self feedback and problem-solving strategies. In this study, frequency of contact was varied from no contact, to once per every week, to once per every third week over 16 weeks and faded in the last four weeks. All participants were asked to self-monitor their physical activity, and all participants received either an information only class or a self-control strategies class. Survival analysis using five months of data points and using the criteria of first week of activity missed equaled "death" indicated an effect of greater adherence for individuals participating in a strategies class versus an information only class (46% vs. 14%), but not for the effect of frequency of contact (no contact, 33%; low contact, 31 %; high contact, 30% ) over all 18 weeks of the program. The results suggest the efficacy of a low cost class promoting self-control strategies for behavior change for adherence to an activity program and potentially for other health related behaviors. / Ph. D.