Infecções hospitalares, causadas por fungos e bactérias, são responsáveis por milhares de mortes anuais e disseminam-se cada vez mais rápido em ambiente hospitalar. Estas infecções afetam principalmente pacientes que são submetidos a procedimentos invasivos ou que apresentam baixa imunidade. Este quadro tende a agravar-se devido ao surgimento de micro-organismos resistentes aos tratamentos atualmente disponíveis, decorrentes, principalmente, de excessivas prescrições, automedicação, pela utilização errônea de antibióticos bem como pela aplicação de métodos de profilaxia inadequados determinando, desta forma, a necessidade de pesquisar e de identificar novos medicamentos para esta finalidade. Neste contexto, ressalta-se que os nitrocompostos que vêm demonstrando bons resultados como agentes antimicrobianos e, sendo assim, este trabalho se propõe a planejar, sintetizar e avaliar duas séries de compostos análogos à nifuroxazida frente a bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e fungos de importância em infecções hospitalares com caráter de multirresistência. O planejamento de modificações moleculares na estrutura da série de análogos à nifuroxazida foi auxiliado pelo diagrama de Craig, que se aplica à seleção dos grupos substituintes. A identificação dos compostos obtidos foi realizada por análise espectrofotométrica RMN 1H e RMN 13C e, como critério de pureza, foi realizado análise elementar de CHN. A melhor atividade dos análogos foi frente à S. aureus, onde 16 dos 23 compostos planejados apresentaram atividade superior aos fármacos de referência, estas quais, e composto protótipo. Vale salientar também que os compostos mais ativos foram os análogos 4-butil-N\'-[(5-nitrofuran-2-il) metileno] benzidrazida e 3-acetil-2-[5-nitro-furan-2-il]-5-[4-ciano-fenil]-2,3-diidro-1,3,4-oxadiazolínico com IC90 = 1,8 ± 0,04 µM e 3,89 ± 0,07 µM, respectivamente. Nos estudos de relações estrutura-atividade, a propriedade eletrônica se mostrou com importância fundamental para a atividade dos compostos frente aos micro-organismos considerados. Os resultados encontrados são bastantes promissores e sinalizam para a possibilidade de identificação de um novo candidato para fármaco antimicrobiano frente à infecções hospitalares com caráter de multirresistência. / Nosocomial infections are caused by bacteria and fungi and are the main reason for thousands of deaths every year in the hospital environment. The most susceptible individuals to these type of infection are the immunocompromised, highlighting old-aged and immunodeficiency people, as also patients who passed by invasive procedures. Not only do this situation is very serious, but also a huge number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms are reported worldwide, basically due to excess of prescription and wrong use of antibiotics. If this situation doesn\'t be maintained today, there will not be a bright sight in the future. In this context, there is the necessity for research and development of new antimicrobial agents, and the nitrocompounds, highlighting nifuroxazide\'s analogs, are showing excellent activity against several pathogens related to multidrug resistant nosocomial infections. Therefore, this work aims to design, to synthesize and to evaluate two series of nifuroxazide\'s analogs against strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, also fungi strains. The sets of analogs were designed based on the replacement of hydroxyl group of nifuroxazide by different substituent groups according to Craig\'s diagram, also a modification in the structure core; identification of these compounds was carried out through 1H and 13C NMR. Melting point and elementary analysis were analyzed for purity criteria. Until the moment, about 23 compounds were evaluated and the best observed activity was against S. aureus strains, which 16 analogs showed better activity than the lead compound and several other compounds, used as referential drug. It is noteworthy that the best activity were analogs 4-butyl-N\'-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl) methylene) benzohydrazide and 3-acetyl-2-[5-nitro-furan-2-yl]-5-[4-cyano-phenil]-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4 oxadiazole with IC90 = 1,8 ± 0,04 µM and 3,89 ± 0,07 µM, respectively. The chemometrics studies suggest that electronic properties are most related to the biological activity on these microorganisms. All the available results shows the potential of nitrofurans to be a new candidate for an antimicrobial drug against multidrug resistant nosocomial infections.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo exploratório do tipo transversal sobre a relação das doenças crônicas e o uso da tecnologia nuclear. O aumento na prevalência das doenças crônicas nos países em desenvolvimento é preocupante e devem ser avaliados cuidadosamente dentro das sociedades, organizações e seus indivíduos. Os avanços tecnológicos vivenciados nas últimas décadas, em especial, na área da tecnologia nuclear criam expectativas para lidar com o desafio das doenças de modo mais eficiente. Entretanto, pouco foi explorado sobre esse tema por um prisma dos agentes médicos que compõem esse sistema de relações entre a doença e a tecnologia. A necessidade de planejamentos públicos e privados para lidar com essa problemática podem se beneficiar de uma avaliação inicial sobre um tema ainda emergente, mas que deverá compor a agenda de planejamento em saúde e tecnologia nos próximos anos. Por meio de uma metodologia mista, composta por abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa buscou-se configurar e revelar as importantes dimensões sobre o tema dessa pesquisa. A pesquisa de campo foi composta tanto de entrevistas analisadas através de técnicas da teoria fundamentada e também de questionários enviados via web analisados estatisticamente através da análise fatorial exploratória. Tais empreendimentos permitiram revelar dimensões que compõem a percepção entre a doença crônica e o uso da tecnologia nuclear. Essas dimensões apresentadas na forma de um constructo teórico foram então discutidas de um ponto de vista da teoria social e de inovação tecnológica. / This research is an exploratory cross-sectional study about the relationship of chronic disease and the use of nuclear technology. There is a concern over the increase of the prevalence of chronic disease in developing countries and it should hence be carefully evaluated in the context of societies, organizations and individuals. The technological advances experienced in the last decades especially in the nuclear technology area have created expectations to deal more efficiently with the challenge of chronic diseases. However little has been explored in this area under the point-of-view of medical doctors as agents who make this system of relations between disease and technology. The necessity for public and private planning to deal with this set of problems can benefit through an initial evaluation about the forthcoming theme, but should incorporate the agenda of health and technology planning for the following years. Using mixed methodology, made up of qualitative and quantitative approach, this research sought to reveal and configure important dimensions around the theme of this study. The field research was made up of interviews analyzed using techniques of fundamental theory and also of questionnaires sent by web analyzed statistically using exploratory factor analysis. These ventures allowed dimensions to be revealed that make up the perception of chronic disease and the use of nuclear technology. These dimensions presented in a form of a theoretical construct that were then discussed under the point of view of social theory and technological innovation.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T12:08:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISIS JULIANE ARANTES GRANJA.pdf: 1309143 bytes, checksum: 3c564f96f6c30173df19ea1c01f8fe4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T12:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISIS JULIANE ARANTES GRANJA.pdf: 1309143 bytes, checksum: 3c564f96f6c30173df19ea1c01f8fe4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / This research aimed to analyze the application of exploratory statistical methods, in particular the PCA and HCA methods, in the analysis of data related to the production management in a chemical industry of household sanitation. The chemical industries of cleaning products, also known as sanitizing industries, shows a great market growth and consequently competitiveness, thus forcing the improvement in their productive performance. The software used in this analysis was the digital (commercial and managing system) and the "STATÍSTICA", version 7.0 (system of statistical calculations). The data are related is the 3A Química e Farmacêutica Ltda, located in the city of Caturaí, state of Goiás. Twelve months of the year 2016. The following variables were established: quantities produced and effectively sold of sanitizers in plastic gallons of 20 liters, 25 liters, 50 liters, 200 liters, 240 liters, gallons of can Iron) of 200 liters, boxes with 04 gallons of 05 liters; numbers of employees involved; cost with electric energy and global gross billing. The results obtained were analyzed through graphs and statistical tables, which represent three large groups of samples and effectively pointed to July as the most productive month of the year. It has also been shown that the rainy months are effectively the months of lower performance, which indicates a new strategy to be developed for improving this period and also considering that the production of boxes with 02 gallons of 5 liters and plastic gallons with 25 liters should be implemented to make the results even better. In this way, a methodology for the implementation of new packaging was consolidated in obtaining the improvement of productivity and performance in an industry of sanitation sector in the State of Goiás. / Esta pesquisa visou analisar a aplicação de métodos estatísticos exploratórios, em especial os métodos PCA e HCA, na análise de dados relativos à gestão de produção numa indústria química de saneantes domissanitários. As indústrias químicas de produtos de limpeza, também conhecidas como indústrias de saneantes, encontram-se em um grande crescimento de mercado e, consequentemente, competitividade, obrigando, assim, a melhoria em seu desempenho produtivo. A empresa analisada foi 3A Química e Farmacêutica Ltda, localizada no município de Caturaí, estado de Goiás. Os softwares utilizados nessa análise foram o da digital (sistema comercial e gerencial), pacote "R" e o “STATÍSTICA”, versão 7.0 (sistema de cálculos estatísticos). Os dados coletados referem-se ao período de doze meses do ano de 2016. Como variáveis estabeleceram-se as seguintes: quantidades produzidas e efetivamente vendidas de saneantes em galões plásticos de 20 litros, 25 litros, 50 litros, 200 litros, 240 litros, galões de lata (ferro) de 200 litros, caixas com 04 galões de 05 litros; números de funcionários envolvidos; custo com energia elétrica e faturamento bruto global. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio de gráficos e tabelas estatísticas, resultados que configuram três grandes grupos de amostras e efetivamente apontaram para o mês de julho como sendo o mês mais produtivo do ano. Também se mostrou que os meses chuvosos são, efetivamente, os meses de menor desempenho, o que indica necessidade de elaborar uma nova estratégia para que esse quadro se modifique, sabendo, inclusive, que a produção de caixas com 02 galões de 5 litros e galões plásticos com 25 litros deverão ser implementadas para que os resultados sejam ainda melhores. Dessa forma se consolidou uma metodologia de implantação de novas embalagens na obtenção da melhoria da lucratividade e desempenho em uma indústria do setor de saneantes do Estado de Goiás.

abstract: There has been a growing emphasis on the education of future generations of engineers who will have to tackle complex, global issues that are sociotechnical in nature. The National Science Foundation invests millions of dollars in interdisciplinary engineering education research (EER) to create an innovative and inclusive culture aimed at radical change in the engineering education system. This exploratory research sought to better understand ways of thinking to address complex educational challenges, specifically, in the context of engineering-social sciences collaborations. The mixed methods inquiry drew on the ways of thinking perspectives from sustainability education to adapt futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking to the context of EER. Using the adapted framework, nine engineer-social scientist dyads were interviewed to empirically understand conceptualizations and applications of futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking. The qualitative results informed an original survey instrument, which was distributed to a sample of 310 researchers nationwide. Valid responses (n = 111) were analyzed to uncover the number and nature of factors underlying the scales of futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking. Findings illustrate the correlated, multidimensional nature of ways of thinking. Results from the qualitative and quantitative phases were also analyzed together to make recommendations for policy, teaching, research, and future collaborations. The current research suggested that ways of thinking, while perceived as a concept in theory, can and should be used in practice. Futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking, when used in conjunction could be an important tool for researchers to frame decisions regarding engineering education problem/solution constellations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Learning, Literacies and Technologies 2019

This exploratory qualitative study investigated the presence of and relationships among constructs that contribute to children's interactions with educational technology, leading to the development of the modification of attributes, affordances, abilities, and distance (MAAAD) for Learning framework. For this study, each of 10 fifth-grade children participated in one individual video-recorded semistructured interview session, during which they interacted with two mathematics virtual manipulative iPad apps and responded to follow-up questions. Video recordings and observation field notes were analyzed for evidence of attributes, affordance-ability relationships, distance, and relationships among these constructs. Constant comparative data analysis using memoing and eclectic coding provided evidence of the presence of each focus construct. Further analysis and interpretation, including quantization of qualitative data for visualization using novel rhombus plots, also led to the identification of emergent themes related to each construct and revealed relationships among the constructs. Emergent themes included categorization, alignment, and modification of attributes, variations and interrelationships among affordance-ability relationships, and the identification of and interactions among mathematical and technological distance. Furthermore, each construct related to each other construct. The evidence and interpretations led to the development of the MAAAD for Learning framework. The results of the study suggest that the MAAAD for Learning framework models relationships among attributes, affordance-ability relationships, and distance in the context of user-app interactions. the framework could serve as a tool for app developers designing apps, educators using apps to support children's learning, and researchers characterizing user-app interactions and the outcomes of those interactions. The constructs, relationships, and framework identified in this study advance the literature on children's interactions with educational technology tools, in particular literature concerning children's interactions with mathematics virtual manipulative iPad apps.

The proliferation of attention given to environmental issues in politics, the media and economics is distinctive for one of the biggest trend movement of the last decades. Past studies have focused on researching green marketing as an emerging topic of importance. However, as vegan advertising is increasingly commonplace on product packages, this thesis provides novel empirical research following an exploratory mixed method research model, investigating the perception of students in the south of Sweden regarding vegan advertised products. Including qualitative in-depth interviews as well as a quantitative online survey, the study provides detailed insights into consumer biases and associations with the term’s vegan and plant-based and its influence on product selection choices. Findings, as well as recommendations are submitted and completed in a conclusive discussion.

The framework of a stream ecosystem simulation model is described. Using this framework and data from two different geographical areas, a cold desert stream and a generalized mountain stream, exploratory sensitivity analysis was performed on the model. This was accomplished by qualitatively comparing outputs of a series of simulations in which a different level of a driving variable was used in each simulation. Based on these results, recommendations are made for improving the structure of the model.

This study is an investigation of the relationship between assessment and learning in education, and specifically, in the context of Australian secondary students studying English. The purpose of this research is to contribute to change in the way assessment of learning is conducted in view of the shift of educational values from content based towards a more goal-orientated process. Therefore, we begin this study with the premise that educational values should not only inform assessment in terms of outcomes and accountability as specified in national guidelines. They should also support a pedagogic process which helps to develop in students a heightened sense of the value of their own contributions to the community, academic and otherwise. The intellectual context of this study begins with an overview of most prominent educational theories. We illustrate John Dewey’s view that education should not only prepare one for life, but should also be an integral part of life itself. Dewey insisted that education was based in experience and that educational institutions should therefore honour and build on students� experiences. Piaget believed that children are quite sophisticated, active thinkers and theorists. Vygotsky saw all learning, knowledge, and experience had a social basis. Together these three theorists emphasize the active role of students as individuals (Dewey and Piaget) or a group (Vygotsky). Further, as society’s values shift from the Industrial Age to an Information Age, there is a growing expectation for individuals to be active and informed citizens, with the ability to exercise judgment and the capacity to make sense of their world. In response to these issues, we conclude that the teaching and assessment processes must support these kinds of requirements. We examine literature related to learning theories and assessment with the objective of ascertaining and illustrating aspects which they share and which, in our view, hamper the development of learning environments enabling exploratory and critical learning. We argue that when assessment criteria predetermine the learning outcomes, this results in teaching models where students’ learning needs are also predetermined. This process alienates students from their sociocultural context which shapes them and from which they derive their identify and the sense of their own value. Consequently, students become an object of pedagogic tools, rather than rightful participants in the lives of their various communities. Against the background of these reflections, we set out in this study to investigate how learning and assessment can be linked together. To this end, we develop the concept of an Exploratory Learning Environment. In order to articulate the framework of such an environment, we draw on a number of principals generally associated with humanist/constructivist/postmodern approaches to learning and assessment. In the course of this work we argue that students’ ways of knowing, and how they learn, cannot be divorced from their individual, and yet socially (interactively) constructed (negotiated), cultural experiences (terms of reference). The philosophy of the Exploratory Learning Environment can be described as promoting engagement and construction, thus supporting learning through experience, inquiry,experimentation and critical reflection. Consequently, in the Exploratory Learning Environment we seek to integrate pedagogic task construction and students’ expectations. To this end, we concentrate our research on strategies, or tools, enhancing students’ critical forms of engagement in their community. We aim for the academic knowledge, which they construct as a result, not to serve arbitrarily constructed performance indicators, but the students themselves and the community which they engage. Regarding assessment, our objective is to ascertain the diversity of conflict-generating concerns which students take into account in order to motivate the kinds of socially responsible solutions that they create and, as a result, the kinds of relationships which they want to establish. This approach to assessment allows us to focus students’ learning on developing critical thinking skills whose validation comes from students’ own evaluation, rather than from an abstract source of authority. This arrangement of creating learning environments rich in tools enhancing students’ critical forms of engagement we carry out using two classes of Year 10 and one class of Year 8 students in two secondary schools. Results from the study demonstrate significant advantages that can be gained when assessment is not limited to the measure of a ‘product’, but is based in pedagogy enabling critical negotiation. For example, students developed a sense of ownership of their learning task, felt motivated to explore conflicting issues, and, interestingly, valued the assessment process and looked forward to learning about the quality of their performance. In summary, the theoretical reflections conducted in this study and the experiment conducted within the Exploratory Learning Environment model, together, provide valuable and reliable evidence supporting the need for a critical evaluation of the currently existing relationship between teaching and assessment. Further, this thesis offers examples of solutions in which this link can be fostered. It demonstrates that, when students are empowered to learn by critically linking academic and other forms of knowledge residing in their community, the assessment process become a meaningful tool to them and they become involved in their assessment. At the same time, teachers learn to reduce the grip they hold on the learning and assessment processes. They do so by adopting the role of a facilitator of the students’ negotiation process. This is very different from the traditional teaching practices where the learning process is restricted, rather than enhanced, by assessment.

This thesis explores the lived experience of those with Bipolar Disorder type I or type II condition. The aim is to delineate how individuals cope following the diagnosis of this chronic, recurrent mental illness. Twenty participants were interviewed in depth, producing 18 hours of recordings and 480 pages of transcript. Narrative data were thematically analysed to reveal themes common to the process of adaptation. The exploratory framework identified key elements of the lived experience of bipolar disorder, including: the phenomenology of highs and lows, the role of anxiety in triggering episodes, reactions to diagnosis, and issues with prescribed medications. Analyses highlighted how difficult it is for individuals to reconcile themselves to the symptoms and consequences of the illness, and also illustrated the extent of subjective distress and reduced quality of life incurred. The psychosocial burden, particularly the difficulties developing a sense of authenticity and coherent identity, and having to adjust life goals, were examined in detail. Negative coping behaviours, specifically the use of alcohol and drugs, as well as the influence of shame and guilt on peoples??? coping repertoires were also explored. Finally, the importance of psychosocial interventions, collaborative health care strategies and necessity for long-term, follow-up care were emphasised.

<p>In this thesis the theoretical framework student ownership of learning (SOL) is developed both theoretically and with qualitative research, based on studies of small-group work in physics with miniprojects and context rich problems. Ownership is finally defined as actions of choice and control, i.e. the realised opportunities to own organisation of the work. The dimension group ownership of learning refers to the groups’ actions of choice and control of the management of the task: how the task is determined, performed and finally reported. The other dimension, the individual student ownership of learning, refers to the individual student's own question/idea that comes from own experiences, interests, or anomalies of understanding; an idea/question that recurs several times and leads to new insights. From literature and from own data, categories are constructed for group and individual student ownership of learning, which have been iteratively sharpened in order to identify ownership in these two dimensions. As a consequence, the use of the framework student ownership of learning is a way to identify an optimal level of ownership for better learning and higher motivation in physics teaching.</p><p>The first part of the thesis gives an overview of the theoretical background to the studies made, and summarises the findings. The second part consists of six articles that report case studies with analyses of audio/video-recorded student cooperative work, and student group discussions, from three collections of data: 1) students working with miniprojects in teacher education, 2) upper secondary school students taking a physics course that includes both context rich problems with group discussions and miniprojects, and 3), aeronautical engineering students working with context rich problems in an introductory physics course at university.</p><p>The thesis describes in a fine-grained analysis the conversation in the groups based on Barnes discourse moves, and finds that ownership and communication are related. Group discussions are found to be an indicator for group ownership of learning and exploratory talks often promotes individual student ownership of learning.</p>