Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rafacho_bpm_me_botfm.pdf: 770961 bytes, checksum: 6adcd57ea96a701107db6a7e755e749f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A exposição à fumaça do cigarro resulta em remodelação cardíaca e está relacionada com disfunção ventricular. A atenuação da remodelação cardíaca pode ser importante para melhor prognóstico cardiovascular. A vitamina D (VD) tem se destacado por seu papel na função cardíaca e por atenuar a remodelação cardíaca em modelos de sobrecarga de pressão ou de volume. Objetivo: avaliar a influência da suplementação de VD sobre a remodelação cardíaca induzida pela exposição à fumaça do cigarro (EFC) em ratos, se a VD atua de forma dose dependente e verificar se esta atuação é por mecanismos anti-inflamatórios ou antioxidantes. Métodos: Ratos machos Wistar com 200 a 250g foram alocados em seis grupos: 1) VD0-NEFC, sem suplementação de VD e não EFC; 2) VD1-NEFC, suplementação de 1000 UI VD/kg de ração e não EFC (n=8); 3) VD3-NEFC, suplementação com 3000 UI VD/kg de ração e não EFC; 4) VD0-EFC, sem suplementação de VD e EFC; 5) VD1-EFC, suplementação de 1000 UI VD/kg de ração e EFC; 6) VD3-EFC, suplementação de 3000 UI VD/kg de ração e EFC. Após dois meses, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia e eutanasiados para coleta de material biológico. Foram avaliados porcentagem de colágeno, área seccional do miócito (ASM), estresse oxidativo e marcadores inflamatórios no tecido cardíaco e dosagens sanguíneas de cálcio, fósforo e do metabólito 25-hidroxicolecalciferol. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de duas vias e apresentados em media ± erro-padrão. Foi utilizado teste de tendência (correlação de Spearman) para avaliar a resposta de dose dependência. Resultados: a EFC promoveu maior valor de parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo (EFC = 1,38 ± 0,03; NEFC = 1,26 ± 0,03; p = 0,009), maior diâmetro diastólico do VE corrigido pela tíbia (EFC = 17,7 ± 0,20; NEFC = 17,0 ± 0,002; p = 0,033), maior massa do VE (MVE)... / Exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) results in cardiac remodeling and it is associated with ventricular dysfunction. Attenuation of cardiac remodeling may be important for better cardiovascular prognosis. Vitamin D (VD) has become known for its role in cardiac function and VD supplementation attenuate cardiac remodeling in models of pressure or volume overload in previous studies. Objective: To evaluate the influence of VD supplementation on cardiac remodeling induced by ETS in rats and whether VD actions are dose-dependent and if these actions involve anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Methods: Male Wistar rats with 200 to 250g were allocated into six groups: 1) VD0- NETS, with no supplementation of VD and no ETS, 2)-VD1-NETS, supplementation with 1000 IU VD/kg of diet and no ETS (n = 8); 3) VD3-NETS, supplemented with 3000 IU VD/kg of diet and no ETS, 4) VD0-ETS, no supplementation of VD and ETS, 5)VD1-ETS, VD supplementation with 1000 IU/kg of diet and ETS, 6) VD3-ETS, VD supplementation of 3000 IU/kg of diet and ETS. After two months, the animals underwent echocardiography and euthanized for tissue collection. The collagen percentage, myocyte cross-sectional area (MCA), oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in cardiac tissue were determined. Blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were also evaluated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± standard error. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the dose dependent response. Results: ETS promoted greater value of left ventricular posterior wall (ETS = 1.38 ± 0.03; NETS = 1.26 ± 0.03, p = 0.009), LV diastolic diameter corrected by the tibia (ETS = 17.7 ± 0.20, 17.0 ± NETS = 0.002, p = 0.033), higher LV mass (LVM) (ETS = 603 ± 23; NETS = 509 ± 25, p = 0.007), higher LMV index (ETS = 1.8 ± 0.06; NETS = 1.5 ± 0.07, p = 0.004), increased MCA ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphometric effect of prenatal exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine on the shape of the maxilla the posterior and overall cranial base. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sample selection: This study is a retrospective analyses of lateral cephalograms of 67 (Phenobarbital =21, Phenytoin=21, Carbamazepine=25) children age 6 to 16 who had been exposed prenatally to one of these drugs and compared to a control group of 44 unexposed children of the same age. Cephalometric films were digitized and anatomical landmarks identified by a single investigator. Landmarks were chosen to outline the maxilla, the posterior and overall cranial base. Morphometric analysis including Procrustes superimposition was used to compare the exposed children to the control group. Principal components analysis (PCA) and MANOVA tests were performed to determine the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: The superimposed average showed a significant difference between the two groups. In the exposed group, the anterior cranial base was vertically shorter. Glabella was more inferior and anterior relative to nasion, and the nasal tip was more superior and posterior. Orbitale was more inferior and posterior, suggesting a more posterior articulation with maxilla. The posterior cranial base was vertically taller and sagittally shorter. Also in the exposed group, the maxilla was vertically shorter. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a shorter, retrusive maxilla that articulates more posteriorly with a shorter anterior cranial base, confirming the midface hypoplasia of traditional anticonvulsant facies.

Noise exposure is a common hazard to workforce in general although at varying degrees depending on the occupation, as many workers are exposed for long periods of time to potentially hazardous noise. Every year, twenty-two million workers are exposed to potentially damaging noise at work. In 2015 U.S. businesses paid over $1.5 million in penalties for not protecting workers from noise. (OSHA, 2016). There may be a direct or indirect consequence of the possibilities of overexposure to noise notwithstanding the compulsory hearing protection requests for the occupations with potential hazards, and these exposures usually arise from the various types of heavy repair equipment and tools related to the job functions. In the United States ten million people have noise related hearing loss (CDC, 2016) and damage done to the ear is not noticed until earing diminishes significantly. One of the noisiest occupations there are include the flight ground crews and flight maintenance personnel otherwise categorized as Ground Operation Workers. These categories of workers have varying functions in the noisiest area at the ramp, and this exposes them to noise that could lead to hearing impairment or permanent ear damage. This study was focused on workers on the ramps at the international airport of a large US city. These workers also are known as ground handling staff, and these employees perform different tasks on the airline ramp, which include unloading luggage from the airline, picking up and moving luggage from the belt room, and to loading baggage onto the airline. This study was conducted using personal dosimeters which were calibrated before and after each sampling event out on four different employees over a period of four days and the collected data were downloaded to a personal computer for further analysis. From the results of this study, the highest noise exposures occurred on a ground operation worker 3 (GOW3) with an 8-hr TWA exposure of 85.6 dBA using OSHA PEL measurement specifications and this occurred on the fourth day of sampling which was a Saturday. The second highest exposure occurred on ground operation worker 1 (GOW1) on the fourth day with an 8-hr TWA exposure of 85.0 dBA. For ground operations worker 2 (GOW2) and ground operation worker 4 (GOW4), the highest exposure occurred on the second day with 79.8 dBA and 73.4 dBA as their time weighted averages, respectively. None of the workers exposures exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit of 90 dBA. The United States Navy uses the OSHA noise standard to evaluate noise exposure on ships and all Navy installations. According to University of South Florida institutional review Board, this study is categorized as a program evaluation that has no intervention with human subjects. The workers that participated in this study did so voluntarily.

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the contemporary manufacture and on this basis to find out the existing losses. For the exposure of losses in manufacture were used three methods. The first one was the observation which was focused on the warehouse, pressing and transport. Next sources, which were used within the analysis, were internal documents and dialogues with the employees of the company. All suggestions were designed in a way that could be applied in the practice and improve current economic situation in company.

An individual who had been diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Schizoaffective Disorder requested assistance with improving his ability to manage symptoms. He had a history of long-term hospitalizations that impacted his placements in residential facilities. He was treated using exposure and response prevention procedures applied to specific rituals pertaining to compulsive bed making, organization, excessive emptying of vacuum canister, excessive hand washing and excessive laundering of clothing. A baseline was established for each ritual by the experimenter exposing the subject to the conditions that "triggered" the rituals. The latency was measured between the presentation of those conditions and the onset of the ritual. During treatment, the subject initiated the same conditions and then refrained from engaging in his rituals for a specific amount of time. Initially, the requested time was the average amount of time he was able to refrain from ritualizing in the baseline sessions. Then, the subject initiated exposure and refrained from the ritual for an increasing amount of time until he was able to refrain for 15 minutes or longer for three ritualistic behaviors. A multiple baseline analysis across rituals indicated that during the course of treatment, over a period of about 4 months, his ability to tolerate the triggers for his rituals was increased to the point that he did not engage in the rituals during the sessions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rudge_cvc_dr_botfm.pdf: 9269274 bytes, checksum: cdbb47e57819d006be95833d9159126f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / University Of Tromso / Noruega / OBJETIVO: Determinar substâncias tóxicas persistentes (PTS) no sangue de 160 parturientes em áreas do Estado de São Paulo-Brasil. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os PCBs (99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 156, 163, 170, 180, 183, 187, 194) e pesticidas organoclorados ( -HCH, -HCH, -HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, t-chlordane, cchlordane, oxy-chlordane, t-nonachlor and c-nonachlor) em sete áreas; duas rurais (Botucatu e Ribeirão Preto), uma industrial (Campinas), uma litorânea (Santos) e três urbanas em São Paulo (UNIFESP, Vila Nova Cachoeirinha e Leonor Mendes de Barros). Valores abaixo do limite de detecção (LOD) foram substituídos por 0.5XLOD. Teste de Kruskall Wallis e Dumm compararam as áreas com níveis de PTS acima do LOD. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP da FMB. RESULTADOS: Os valores das PTS (ng/g lipideo) foram baixos. PCBs 118, 138, 153, p-p’-DDE e pesticidas -HCH, - CH, HCB, oxy-chlordane e t-nonachlor tiveram níveis acima do LOD em mais de 70% das amostras. PCB 118 foi significativamente diferente nas áreas, com concentração maior na industrial (Campinas; 4.64). O organoclorado p-p’-DDE na zona rural de Ribeirão Preto; (123.05) foi maior que na urbana de Vila Nova Cachoeirinha. A mediana do ß-HCH para as áreas foi 6.31, significativamente maior na zona rural de Botucatu (18.20). A maior concentração de oxy-chlordane (3.59) e de t-nanochlor (1.17) foi na zona rural de Ribeirão Preto (p<0.05), diferentes também da área urbana (Leonor Mendes de Barros; p<0.05). CONCLUSAO: As concentrações das PTS foram baixas com diferenças entre as áreas; os maiores valores estavam nas parturientes da zona rural. / Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in the living environment are thought to have detrimental health effects on the population, with pregnant women and the developing foetus being at highest risk. We report on the levels of selected POPs in maternal blood of 160 delivering women residing in different regions within the São Paulo State, Brazil. Overall levels of measured compounds were found to be low with only PCBs 118, 138, 153 congeners, p-p’-DDE metabolite, -HCH, -HCH, HCB, oxy-chlordane and t-nonachlor pesticides having levels above LOD in more than 70% of the samples, thus comparisons between sites were performed for those compounds only. Statistical differences between sites were only observed for PCB 118 congener, with the highest concentration measured in the industrial site – Campinas (4.7 ng/g lipids). The p,p’-DDE metabolite was detected in all participants, with the median for all sites being 58.2 ng/g lipids, and large regional differences were evident. The highest levels of p,p’-DDE were measured in the rural 2 site – Ribeirão Preto with a median of 123 ng/g lipids that was significantly higher if compared with the urban 2 site (São Paulo City). The median concentration of ß-HCH for all sites was 6.31 ng/g lipids with the significantly highest concentration found in the rural 1 site – Botucatu (18.20 ng/g lipids). Oxy-chlordane was detected in all samples, with the highest concentration measured in the rural 2 site - Ribeirão Preto (3.6 ng/g lipids)¸which was found to be significantly higher than in all other sites The t-nonachlor compound was detected in 99% of samples with the highest concentration being 1.17 ng/g lipids, also in the rural 2 site- Ribeirão Preto. The level found in the rural 2 site was significantly higher than the level measured in the urban 3 site (São Paulo City)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000840966.pdf: 294356 bytes, checksum: 390fdd32d2ab5b9506a50b66541d14fc (MD5) / A raiva é uma zoonose transmitida aos mamíferos por meio do contato de ferimentos na pele ou mucosa com a saliva de animais infectados e o tratamento profilático pós-exposição tem sido usado como uma forma de se evitá-la. Este tratamentoébaseado nas características da lesão provocada pelo animal agressor, no seu estado de saúde no momento do acidente, na possibilidade de sua observação por dez dias, na procedência e hábitos de vida do animal e naclassificação epidemiológica da região geográfica onde ocorreu o acidente.Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dosdados das fichas de atendimento antirrábico humano do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), referentes ao município de Araçatuba -SP, no período de 1990 a 2010, com o objetivo de avaliar a conduta adotada para as indicações do tratamento antirrábico humano pós-exposição por agressões de cães e gatos, considerando a situação epidemiológica da doença.O cão foi o principal agressor, ocasionando acidentes em sua maioria leves, a dispensa do tratamento foi a conduta mais adotada tanto no período de raiva não controlada (1990-96) quanto no período de raiva controlada (1997-2010), porém na maioria dos casos em que foi indicado algum tratamento, este foi inadequado. Optou-se preferencialmente pelo tratamento completo com soro e vacina e pelo tratamento de até três doses de vacina Fuenzalida e Palácios ou até duas doses de vacina de cultivo celular em dias alternados. Noperíodo de raiva controlada observou-se com uma melhor adoção das condutas frente às recomendações técnicas quando comparadoaos período de raiva não controlada (p<0,0001), mesmo havendo uma aplicação excessiva de soro e vacinaem ambos o períodos / Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted to mammals by contact of saliva from infected animals with injury in the skin or mucous and the post-exposure prophylactic treatment is the only way to prevent this disease. This treatment is based on the characteristics of the injury caused by the aggressor animal, on his state of health at the time of the accident, on the possibility of their observation for ten days, on the origin and habits of the animal and on the epidemiological classification of the geographic region where the accident occurred. By means of a retrospective analysis of data from the records of rabies prophylactic treatment from Information System for Notification of Diseases (SINAN), concerning to Araçatuba - SP the conducts adopted for treatment of aggression by dogs and cats, considering the epidemiological situation of the disease. The dog was the main aggressor, causing mostly minor accidents, remission of treatment was the most adopted conduct in both period of non controlled rabies (1990-96) and controlled rabies (1997-2010), but, in the majority of cases when any treatment was adopted, this was inadequate. It was decided preferably by the full treatment with the serum and the vaccine and by the treatment with up to three doses of Fuenzalida and Palacius vaccine or up to two doses of cell culture vaccine on alternate days. In the period of controlled rabies there was a better adoption of conducts, based on technical recommendations, when compared to the period of uncontrolled rabies (p <0.0001), even with the excessive application of serum and vaccine in both periods

abstract: In the American Southwest, an area which already experiences a significant number of cooling degree days, anthropogenic climate change is expected to result in higher average temperatures and the increasing frequency, duration, and severity of heat waves. Climatological forecasts predict heat waves will increase by 150-840% in Los Angeles County, California and 340-1800% in Maricopa County, Arizona. Heat exposure is known to increase both morbidity and mortality and rising temperatures represent a threat to public health. As a result there has been a significant amount of research into understanding existing socio-economic vulnerabilities to extreme heat which has identified population subgroups at greater risk of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, research has shown that man-made infrastructure can mitigate or exacerbate these health risks. However, while recent socio-economic heat vulnerability research has developed geospatially explicit results, research which links it directly with infrastructure characteristics is limited. Understanding how socio-economic vulnerabilities interact with infrastructure systems is a critical component to developing climate adaptation policies and programs which efficiently and effectively mitigate health risks associated with rising temperatures. The availability of cooled space, whether public or private, has been shown to greatly reduce health risks associated with extreme heat. However, a lack of fine-scale knowledge of which households have access to this infrastructure results in an incomplete understanding of the health risks associated with heat. This knowledge gap could result in the misallocation of resources intended to mitigate negative health impacts associated with heat exposure. Additionally, when discussing accessibility to public cooled space there are underlying questions of mobility and mode choice. In addition to captive riders, a growing emphasis on walking, biking and public transit will likely expose additional choice riders to extreme temperatures and compound existing vulnerabilities to heat. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil Engineering 2016

Resumo: A raiva é uma zoonose transmitida aos mamíferos por meio do contato de ferimentos na pele ou mucosa com a saliva de animais infectados e o tratamento profilático pós-exposição tem sido usado como uma forma de se evitá-la. Este tratamentoébaseado nas características da lesão provocada pelo animal agressor, no seu estado de saúde no momento do acidente, na possibilidade de sua observação por dez dias, na procedência e hábitos de vida do animal e naclassificação epidemiológica da região geográfica onde ocorreu o acidente.Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dosdados das fichas de atendimento antirrábico humano do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), referentes ao município de Araçatuba -SP, no período de 1990 a 2010, com o objetivo de avaliar a conduta adotada para as indicações do tratamento antirrábico humano pós-exposição por agressões de cães e gatos, considerando a situação epidemiológica da doença.O cão foi o principal agressor, ocasionando acidentes em sua maioria leves, a dispensa do tratamento foi a conduta mais adotada tanto no período de raiva não controlada (1990-96) quanto no período de raiva controlada (1997-2010), porém na maioria dos casos em que foi indicado algum tratamento, este foi inadequado. Optou-se preferencialmente pelo tratamento completo com soro e vacina e pelo tratamento de até três doses de vacina Fuenzalida e Palácios ou até duas doses de vacina de cultivo celular em dias alternados. Noperíodo de raiva controlada observou-se com uma melhor adoção das condutas frente às recomendações técnicas quando comparadoaos período de raiva não controlada (p<0,0001), mesmo havendo uma aplicação excessiva de soro e vacinaem ambos o períodos / Abstract: Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted to mammals by contact of saliva from infected animals with injury in the skin or mucous and the post-exposure prophylactic treatment is the only way to prevent this disease. This treatment is based on the characteristics of the injury caused by the aggressor animal, on his state of health at the time of the accident, on the possibility of their observation for ten days, on the origin and habits of the animal and on the epidemiological classification of the geographic region where the accident occurred. By means of a retrospective analysis of data from the records of rabies prophylactic treatment from Information System for Notification of Diseases (SINAN), concerning to Araçatuba - SP the conducts adopted for treatment of aggression by dogs and cats, considering the epidemiological situation of the disease. The dog was the main aggressor, causing mostly minor accidents, remission of treatment was the most adopted conduct in both period of non controlled rabies (1990-96) and controlled rabies (1997-2010), but, in the majority of cases when any treatment was adopted, this was inadequate. It was decided preferably by the full treatment with the serum and the vaccine and by the treatment with up to three doses of Fuenzalida and Palacius vaccine or up to two doses of cell culture vaccine on alternate days. In the period of controlled rabies there was a better adoption of conducts, based on technical recommendations, when compared to the period of uncontrolled rabies (p <0.0001), even with the excessive application of serum and vaccine in both periods / Orientador: Luzia Helena Queiroz / Banca: Cáris Maroni Nunes / Banca: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP