This exploratory study examined how women managers in education in Sarawak combine their traditional and professional roles and deal with potential role conflict. The study is set in the context of an increasing number of women managers in education in Sarawak and the issues this raises for their support, if they are to harmonise their roles and advance professionally. The aim of the study is to furnish policy makers at the national and state level with information to formulate a policy document which could be adopted in preparing a strategy for the advancement of women managers, taking into account their dual roles. Both quantitative and qualitative paradigms are employed to provide depth and breadth. The postal survey questionnaire was sent to all the 109 women in the target population: all women heads and deputies in schools, teacher training colleges and the State Education Department. There was a 91.7% response rate. Additionally, eight women managers were interviewed in-depth, together with seven spouses and three other senior women in education, who are influential nationally. The eight women managers also completed time-log diaries for a week. Respondents in the survey questionnaire included managers who, at one time, had rejected promotion. This enabled the perceptions of those who had experienced difficulties in relation to promotion to be analysed, as well as those who had not. Combining the quantitative and qualitative approaches meant that they complemented, supplemented and illuminated each other. The study did not aim, initially, to explore the cultural dimension but it emerged during the interviews that their specific cultural origins (Malay, Iban and Chinese) were a significant determinant of the women managers' perceptions of their dual roles. Indigenous culture was not found to be a barrier to advancement but the research has revealed that when studying women in educational management consideration of individual cultural contexts gives additional insights into their perceptions of their two roles. Interviews with the spouses revealed corresponding views to those of their wives pertaining to women's traditional roles; they also saw complementary roles in the partnership. The close support of the extended family is a significant factor in the study. For the women studied, the boundaries between their personal and professional roles were not clear-cut. Work invaded their personal lives and family needs were perceived as paramount when considering promotion. Values relating to caring and nurturing imbued their professional and personal lives. The different cultural and environmental experiences of the women managers contributed to their varied perceptions of role conflict. Many had developed coping strategies which reduced such conflict and supported their successful performance as workers, wives, mothers and daughters. Impediments to the advancement of women managers are identified and possible courses of future action suggested. Implications for policy makers at the Ministry of Education and State Education Department as well as for future research are highlighted

This study explores the experiences of young orphans who transition into extended families in Zimbabwe, focusing on the five- to ten-year-old age group. The study embraced a qualitative approach which is situated within the interpretivist paradigm. The choice of the qualitative mode of inquiry was to ensure that the researcher interacted with participants who were remarkably close to young orphans and, henceforth, gather as much reliable and pertinent data as possible. A multiple case study design was employed to investigate five extended family members and their five to ten-year-old young orphans, one social worker and two residential care centre administrators. All five extended families with young orphans lived in the Mutoko, Murewa, Mudzi and Uzumba Maramba Pfungwe (UMP) districts. Data were gathered through interviews, drawings, narratives, and observations. The preference for the research methods were to necessitate a high level of trustworthiness and comprehensive data. The study established that although the government is mandated to provide services in the transitioning of young orphans into extended families in Zimbabwe, lack of resources inhibit efforts to support these children. Due to lack of funds social workers seldom follow up on young orphans. Although Zimbabwe has well stipulated national, regional and international agreements in its archives on transition, this research study had established that the strained Zimbabwean economy had a negative effect on children who transitioned into extended families. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that extended family members are inadequately prepared and trained to handle young orphans who transition into their families. Furthermore, extended families also face challenges on the scarcity of resources to support young orphans. Young orphans were further challenged by the fact that people stereotyped them because they came from residential care centres. These young orphans also faced several psychological challenges. The study concluded that both young orphans and extended families are victims of a system that does not have the resources, nor the political and social will to support the transition process. Based on these findings, the recommendations were made for the attention of the government of Zimbabwe, as well as the Department of Social Welfare, who act as executive body in implementing Government’s directives. The study therefore, upholds that extended family members should have relevant skills to enable them to appropriately deal with young orphans. The study further recommends the implementation of policies to take cognisance of the needs of young orphans who transition to extended families are taken on board, as they access appropriate services and resources to mitigate their impediments. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / pt2021 / Early Childhood Education / PhD / Unrestricted

Scholarship on slave families has focused on the nuclear family unit as the primary socializing institution among slaves. Such a paradigm ignores the extended family, which was the primary form of family organization among peoples in western and central Africa. By exploring slave trade data, I argue that 85% of slave imports to Virginia in the 18th century were from only four regions. Peoples from each region-the Igbo, the Akan, Bantu speakers from Angola and Congo, and the Mande from Senegambia-were marked by the prevalence of the extended family, the centrality of women, and flexible descent systems. I contend that these three cultural characteristics were transferred by slaves to Virginia. Runaway slave advertisements from the Virginia Gazette show the cultural makeup of slaves in eighteenth-century Virginia. I use these advertisements to illustrate the prevalence of vast inter-plantation webs of kin that pervaded plantation, county, and even state boundaries. Plantation records, on the other hand, are useful for tracking the development of extended families on a single plantation. William Massie's plantation Pharsalia, located in Nelson County, Virginia, is the focus of my study of intra-plantation webs of kin. Finally, I examine the years after the Civil War to illustrate that even under freedom, former slaves resorted to their extended families for support and survival. / Master of Arts

At the end of 2016, approximately 65.6 million individuals were displaced forcibly around the world because of generalized violence, persecution, violation of human rights, or conflict such as civil war (UNHCR, 2016). The purpose of this study is to: (a) explore Syrian refugees after displacement in the US, (b) give voice to refugee fathers, and (c) advance knowledge for marriage and family therapists, who are working with refugee families. Eight Syrian refugee fathers who were displaced in the last two years and living in Indiana, US shared their experiences through in-depth interviews. After transcribing and translating the interviews, thematic analysis, a flexible research tool that provides a reach and complex account of data, was used to analyze the data. Four main themes emerged from fathers: displacement stress, loss of extended family connections, experiences of isolation, and identity changes with provider role. A thematic map also is created illustrating how the stress of displacement and being far away from extended families profoundly influence provider identities and family interactions. In addition, the contextual model of family stress is used to customize fathers� experience of displacement. The inferences from this study provide guidance for marriage and family therapists, mental health practitioners, and organizations working with refugee families. / PHD / Just imagine you have to flee your home country, leaving all your physical and non-physical possessions and belongings or even members of your extended family behind, witnessing the death or missing of a significant or loved one, resettling in a new country and struggling to obtain a new social status, coping skills and suffering a stigma against your nationality. These are just a portion of the adversities that refugee fathers have endured (other family members suffer in different ways) in host countries such as the US. Syrian refugee fathers in this study were forced to live in a new country wherein they cannot speak the language and have to rely on their children to communicate with others. As the only providers of their families in Syria, they struggle with financial strains. Consequently, their wives (almost in half of the cases) have to work outside the home in order to cover the household expenses ideally; they could rely on their extended family’s help and support if they were in their own country. Such experiences are stressful for Syrian refugee fathers with damaging effects for their identity as fathers and their family dynamics. Family therapists, mental health practitioners, and organizations working with refugee families can benefit from findings of this study to provide better services for their targeted populations.

The balance between family support and child protection services is continuously challenged by high-profile cases. These highlight shortcomings both of the UK system and of research on the effectiveness of child maltreatment interventions (Munro, 2011). One such intervention is the Resolutions Approach to ‘denied’ child abuse (Turnell and Essex, 2006) – a systemic approach which creates a support network including extended family, friends, community members and professionals. There is, however, only limited research analysing the supporters’ experience of this intervention. In the present study five semi-structured group interviews were conducted in order to investigate how the family support network members made sense of their participation in Resolutions. Through a thematic analysis three related themes: returning hope; building safety and trusting a professional were identified. Additionally, special attention was paid to processes linked to the creation of family resilience (Walsh, 2003). Based on two contrasting case studies the potential creation of family resilience through Resolutions was discussed and clinical recommendations for creating family resilience within support networks were outlined.

This study bridges the gap in literature about the impact of extended family relationships on young adult depression and self-esteem. A sample of 304 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 21 at the University of Kentucky was recruited to complete an online survey about their immediate and extended family relationships and their mental health. The largest predictor of self-esteem and depression in early young adults is perceived social support from the family of origin, which is also moderately correlated with perceived support from extended family members. This indicates that extended family support collaborates with family of origin support to benefit self-esteem and depression levels. Depression also decreases through more positive interactions with extended family members. Males benefited less than females from extended family relationships, as evidenced by the result that closer extended kin relationships were the second largest predictor of more depressive symptoms in males. These findings inform therapists about effective ways of conducting therapy with college students and support the use of Bowen family systems therapy.

Student Number : 0217201P - MA (Housing) dissertation - School of Architecture and Planning - Faculty of Humanities / South Africa currently has the fastest growing HIV/AIDS pandemic in the world. Against this backdrop it is therefore not suprising to learn that 4 million children or about 10% of the entire South African population will be orphaned by the year 2015 (Davis, 2002:52; Whiteside & Sunter, 2000 in Madhavan, [2000:1]). These projections paint a clear picture of the challenges that lie ahead for accommodating and sustaining a prevailing family structure of households that are headed by children who are left behind by parents succumbing to the ravages of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Because of their vulnerable age and laws and policies that do not fully cater for their needs, these children become victims of exploitation and abuse and forfeit their human rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights of the South African Constitution (1996). This study aims to unearth the plight of these children. In particular it will focus on the right of entitlement to family property when their parents die or are debilitated by HIV/AIDS related diseases. It concludes by challenging government and other stakeholders to review existing policies and to ensure that legislation is in place that mitigates against any form of violence, abuse, trauma or ostracism to which orphaned children are subjected to by unscrupulous caregivers.

Tyrimas „Įtampos laukai išplėstinėje šeimoje ir galimas socialinio darbuotojo vaidmuo“ analizuoja išplėstinės šeimos narių bendravimo ypatumus, o ypač vyresniosios ir jaunesniosios kartos. Lyginamos jaunos ir brandžios šeimos gyvenimo kartu panašumai ir skirtumai, analizuojamas jų santykis per tradicinės ir modernios šeimų prizmę. Ir darbe aprašoma tiriamųjų nuomonė dėl jų bendravimo su vyresniąja ar jaunesniąja karta, pateikiamos jų bendravimo problemos ar įtampos, ir nurodomi jų sprendimo būdai. Tyrimo tikslas – analizuoti įtampos laukus išplėstinėje šeimoje ir atrasti galimus socialinio darbuotojo vaidmenis. Tyrimo objektas – įtampos laukai išplėstinėje šeimoje. Tyrimo rezultatai: konfliktinės situacijos tarp brandžių ir jaunų šeimų kyla dėl buitinių dalykų. Dauguma jaunų šeimų norėtų gyventi atskirai nuo tėvų, nes gyvenimas kartu jų netenkina, nors tėvai norėtų, kad vaikai gyventų su jais. Vaikai demonstruoja norus ketindami įsigyti gyvenamą plotą. Didesnė dalis vaikų nori, kad tėvai/uošviai jiems nenurodinėtų, kaip tvarkyti finansus ar buitį. Taip pat tėvai labai pasitiki savo vaikų antrosiomis pusėmis. Jaunos ir brandžios šeimos beveik nesinaudoja socialinio darbuotojo paslaugomis norėdami susitaikyti su artimaisiais. Išvados: šeimoje gyvena skirtingų kartų, lyčių, įvairaus išsilavinimo, temperamento, profesinės veiklos žmonės, kurie turi skirtingą patirtį ir šie skirtumai sukelia socialines įtampas beveik visose gyvenimo srityse. Dabar tradicinis šeimos modelis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The research „Tension areas in extended family and possible role of the social worker” is analyzing the intercourse peculiarity of extended family members and especially of the older and younger generation. There are compared a similarities and differences of young and mature families living together and analyzed their relationship through the prism of traditional and modern family. In this project work opinions of the interviewees about their relations with older or younger generations are described, their relation problems or tensions presented and their problem solving methods indicated. The purpose of the research is to analyze the areas of tension in extended family and discover the possible roles of the social worker. The object of the research is tension areas in the extended family. Results of the research: conflict situations between mature and young families are arising because of mode of life. Most of the young families wish to live separately from their parents because they are not satisfied with life together, although parents would like their children to live together with them. Children show their intention to obtain living space. The biggest part of children wish that their parents/parents-in-law do not intend how to put one‘s finance and family life positions. Also parents trust very much their children in law. Young and mature families hardly use services of social workers to reconcile with their relatives. Conclusions: in the family there are living... [to full text]

Within the last twenty years, the number of undergraduate-age Nigerian immigrants to the United States has substantially increased. Most young Nigerian immigrants moved to the United States for better educational opportunities for themselves. The United States is viewed as the land of opportunity for young Nigerian immigrants because of the numerous options available in American universities. However, the reality of life as an immigrant especially for young Nigerian adults is often a challenging experience. Young Nigerian immigrant students face a lot of adversity because they have to deal with issues such as a new school environment, a foreign culture and living arrangements that might entail living with extended family members; challenges they are often not prepared to deal with and which ultimately format the direction of their lives. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study explored the conflict experiences of 5 Nigerian women who lived with extended family while attending college at the undergraduate level 15-20 years ago and the impact this experience had on their identity formation and future aspirations. Guided by IPA, the central research question shaping this study was: How did undergraduate Nigerian immigrants (who came to the United States 15-20 years ago,) make sense of their intra-extended family conflict experience? With the use of in vivo coding, exploratory comments and extensive, cross-analysis of the participants’ responses, six key themes emerged: (1) Welcome Season, (2) Challenging situations, (3) Irrelevance, (4) Therapy & Motivated, (5) Impacts, and (6) Self-Reflection. By conducting this research, the intent is that the findings from this study will create more awareness and initiate dialogue on this topic to educate and inform relevant stakeholders.

Bakgrund: Kronisk sjukdom är ett permanent sjukdomstillstånd. Hälsa ur holistiskt perspektiv ses som en helhet, därav bör vården utformasutifrån den enskilda individens behov. Idag vårdas många personer hemifrån av en närstående. Den informella vårdaren har enbetydande roll i den hälsofrämjande processen. Sjuksköterskans ansvar innefattar att bidra till hälsa, minska lidande och förebygga skador, och att kunna inkludera närstående vid personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa närståendes upplevelser av att vårda en anhörig med kronisk sjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt utfördes i enlighet med Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Databaserna Cinahl Complete och PubMed användes vid sökning av sökorden extended family, family, caregivers, chronic disease och middle aged. Resultatet bygger på nio kvalitativa artiklar samt två artiklar med mixad metod. Resultat: Deltagarnas upplevelser kunde skilja sig åt. Vardagen blev påverkad, vården för anhöriga innebar känslomässiga implikationer vilket påverkade familjedynamiken. Resultatet tydde också på att deltagarnas behov av interaktioner med sjukvården ansågs vara en viktig del av upplevelsen. Sammanfattning: Deltagarna upplevde den vårdande rollen som begränsade samt att den försvårade anpassningen till vardagen. Detta kunde vara komplicerat för relationen mellan vårdaren och den anhörige. Upplevelserna var främst negativa men kunde även uppvisa positiva inverkan. / Background: Chronic disease is a permanent state of illness. Health from a holistic perspective is perceived as a entirety and therefore caregiving should be designed in relation to each individual's needs. Many people get homecare from a relative today. The informal caregivers have a meaningful role in the promotion of health. Nurses are responsible for contributingto good health, reduced suffering, and injury prevention and to also include relatives with person centered care. Aim: The aim of this study was to shed light on experiences of caregiving for a relative with a chronic illness. Method: A literature review was made according to Friberg’s method description. The databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed were used for the search with the keywords extended family, family, caregivers, chronic disease and middle aged. The result of the study was based on nine qualitative articles, and two using mixed methods. Results: The participants' experiences could differ from one another. These described how caring for a relative impacts everyday life, impeared health, impact upon relations and significance of interaction with healthcare. Summary: Participants experienced the caring role as limiting, and complicated to combine with everyday life. This could complicate the relationship between the caregiver and the relative. The experiences of caring for their relatives were mostly negative but the result could also show some positive outcomes.