This diploma thesis analyses the relationship between external events (i.e. events with impact within the Czech Republic which cannot be influenced by local firms) and the value of market capitalization of companies on Prague Stock Exchange. The analysis of the 1994 to 2012 time series showed that even the most important political, economical and other events specific for the Czech Republic only have marginal impacts on values of companies on the Czech stock market. The impacts of corporate events proved to have much stronger such effects. The most advisable investment recommendation thus seems to be to ignore external events when deciding in which stocks to invest.

This research aimed to understand how students between 15-19 years at Lagaholm School and Osbeck High School experience safety and security at their schools and how they experience the impact of external events on the perception of safety and security. To investigate this, the following research questions were asked: How do students experience the situation of safety and security at their schools? How do students experience that external events impact their sense of safety and security? What conclusions can be made from the experiences and factors that emerge? The third research question is primarily answered by the researcher’s conclusions and reflections from the empirical evidence that emerges from the first two research questions. As the ambition of the research was to evolve a deeper understanding of students’ perception of safety and security, the empirical collection was based on seven semi-structured interviews with students from each school. Three were students at Lagaholm School and four at Osbeck High School. The study’s theoretical framework consisted of Anthony Giddens’s (1996) theory of Ontological Security and Ulrich Beck’s (2012) theory of the Risk Society. Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education, and Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions were also included in the theoretical framework to provide a further understanding of the connection between the global and local context.   The results show that students at Lagaholm School perceived their school as less safe and secure than students at Osbeck High School perceived their school. In terms of what impacted the students’ sense of safety and security at school, patterns emerged of: age, maturity, knowledge of safety and security measures, teachers’ presence and consideration for students. Further, awareness and proximity in time, distance, and emotions proved to be relevant for what affected the feeling of safety and security in relation to external events. This became clear when events that took place in the near future and in Sweden or Laholm affected more than events that took place in other countries.

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In late 2019, the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) began. The viral disease, also known as covid-19, started spreading from China to large parts of the world in early 2020, resulting in a large number of cases, deaths, as well as major impacts on the economy of nations, organizations, and individuals alike. In order to limit the spread of the virus, several pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer and Moderna, initiated a vaccine development. This process led pharmaceutical companies to communicat ea large amount of corporate news to investors, among other stakeholders. Previous research has shown how the stock market responds to corporate news. However, prior to this study, a lack of research on how the stock market behaves in relation to corporate news announced by companies under difficult global conditions was identified. The aim of this study is to investigate the stock market's reaction to press releases by Moderna and Pfizer regarding their vaccine development for covid-19. The methods used to study the subject are based on analysis of historical share price data and the calculation of abnormal returns. The results have to some extent indicated that selected press releases have played a significant role as an influencer in relation to investor sentiment and the stock market’s behavior. In terms of the result as a whole, the number of significant days is not sufficient to support the alternative hypothesis. Market reactions in the share prices were identified on the dates surrounding the press releases regarding the vaccine-development, but since only 22 percent of the abnormal yield was significant, the result did not appear to be aligned with the alternative hypothesis. / Under slutet av år 2019 började spridningen av coronaviruset SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Virussjukdomen, i folkmun känd som covid-19, började under år 2020 spridas från Kina till stora delar av övriga världen, vilket har resulterat i ett stort antal insjuknade, dödsfall och även en påverkan på såväl nationers som organisationers och individers ekonomi. För att begränsa spridningen av viruset påbörjade ett flertal läkemedelsbolag en vaccinframtagning. Denna process ledde till att läkemedelsbolagen kommunicerade en stor mängd bolagsnyheter till omvärlden, däribland investerare. Tidigare forskning har visat hur aktiemarknaden svarat på bolagsnyheter, men inför denna studie identifierades en brist på forskning kring hur aktiemarknaden agerar i förhållande till bolagsnyheter under extrema världssituationer likt coronaviruspandemin. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka marknadens reaktion till följd av pressmeddelanden från företagen Moderna och Pfizer rörande vaccinutvecklingen för covid-19. Reaktionen studeras med hjälp av historiska aktiekursdata och beräkning av onormal avkastning. Resultaten har till en viss del indikerat på att utvalda pressmeddelanden har spelat en signifikant roll som påverkande faktor gentemot aktiemarknaden. Sett till resultatet i sin helhet är antalet signifikanta dagar inte tillräckligt för att utgöra stöd till alternativhypotesen. Marknadsreaktioner kunde identifieras till följd av pressmeddelanden om vaccinutvecklingen, men eftersom enbart 22 procent av den onormala avkastningen var signifikant så föreföll inte resultatet i linje med alternativhypotesen.

Thesis Abstract Current Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) design does not account for Beyond Design Basis Events (BDBEs) and thus lack the provisions to effectively mitigates complete loss of AC power and total loss of heat sink. Furthermore, parametric models used in PRA studies to assess Nuclear Power Plant’s safety risk for BDBE and External Events (EE) have significant limitations and proved ineffective to provide solutions on how to mitigate in BDBE or EEs situations. The Fukushima accident is a good example where PRA assessments did not provide the necessary means to cool or contain the reactors effectively. In this thesis, Emergency Mitigation Preparedness (EMP) model and assessment is proposed. The EMP model is objective and practical in evaluating NPP’s mitigation readiness in BDBE and EEs situations and provide a practical NPP Vulnerability indicator gauge which can potentially be used in risk-informed decisions. This will aid further in the NPP to improve in areas of emergency planning, enhance site and reactor design and improve workers safety and readiness to execute effective mitigation procedures and emergency plans. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meire Coriolano Barbosa.pdf: 469031 bytes, checksum: f05b3305b567d9b8fad073d7ee08172f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-04 / Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin in the body. It can cause serious complications, however all of them can be prevented with proper treatment, specially the monitoring of glycemia. Diabetic patients must observe the floating of their glycemic levels and try to normalize them. Considering the importance of learning to recognize (discriminate) such physiological events, this work is intended to evaluate discriminating trainings of these private events of patients with type-1 diabetes. This work developed a comparative assessment of the discriminating training of independent groups of patients with type- 1 diabetes in order to check if it can improve the estimation of glycemic status, the measurement of glucose levels and the discrimination and accuracy previously attained, by means of the analysis of the effects of internal, external and internal + external clues simultaneously . First, each patient was interviewed for verifying the level of knowledge acquired by him or her. All patients informed that they fairly knew the symptoms of hyper and hypoglycemia. Three conditions of training were handled in the study, two isolated and one simultaneous, for fifteen subjects divided into 3 groups, each of them with five patients. Patients of all groups made three estimations measurements per day and recorded their results. In group I - internal clues , subjects were instructed to observe and record a variety of symptoms, estimate the glycemic level and evaluate its accuracy by comparing it with a reference value. In possession of this information patients should continue with the same procedure. In group II, external clues , patients were instructed to observe and record aspects of the external environment and estimate the glycemic level based on them. Then, patients should evaluate the accuracy of the glycemic level comparing it with a reference value. In possession of this information patients should continue to record. Finally, subjects of group III were submitted to a condition that overlapped the two types of clues, internal and external. The results showed that the condition internal clues , slightly increased the accuracy of the glycemia estimations in comparison with the two other conditions. These results were discussed within an operative approach, analyzing the verbal behavior involved in this discrimination, observing that the procedure allows controlling the behavior by means of internal and external events. / O Diabetes Mellitus é um distúrbio causado pela falta absoluta ou relativa de insulina no organismo, causando complicações sérias, mas todas as complicações podem ser prevenidas com tratamento adequado, principalmente a monitorização da glicemia. Os pacientes diabéticos devem observar as flutuações dos seus níveis glicêmicos e tentar normalizá-las. Analisando a importância de aprenderem a discriminar esse evento fisiológico, este trabalho propõe um treino discriminativo destes eventos privados de diabéticos tipo 1. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma avaliação comparativa através de um delineamento de grupos, analisando os efeitos das dicas internas (sintomas fisiológicos ex: sede, tontura, fraqueza etc.), externas(aspectos do ambiente externo ex: comida , medicação, exercício físico etc.) e Internas e Externas simultaneamente, em grupos independentes de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 para verificar se os efeitos do treino discriminativo das estimativas dos estados glicêmicos e a mensuração do nível de glicose, melhoram com o treino, e acentuam as discriminações e precisões já alcançadas. Primeiramente foi realizada uma entrevista inicial para verificar o nível de conhecimento adquirido dos pacientes. Todos informaram que já conheciam razoavelmente os sintomas de hiper e hipoglicemia. No estudo, três condições de treino foram manipuladas, duas isoladas e uma simultaneamente, para quinze sujeitos, através de delineamento de grupos contendo cinco pacientes cada. Em todas as condições os sujeitos faziam três estimativas-mensurações/dia e seus registros, por sete dias. Numa das condições de treino dicas internas (grupo I), os sujeitos eram instruídos a observar e registrar uma variedade de sintomas, e avaliava-se o acerto ou erro do nível glicêmico. De posse desta informação deveriam prosseguir sob a mesma orientação. Na outra condição dica externa (grupo II), eram instruídos a observar e registrar aspectos do meio ambiente externo, e posteriormente avaliar se houve acerto ou erro do nível glicêmico observando a estimativa e a mensuração já realizada. Com esta informação deveriam continuar seus registros. Finalmente os sujeitos foram submetidos a uma condição que sobrepunha os dois tipos de dicas (internas e externas), grupo III. Os resultados mostraram que a condição dicas internas , teve um efeito de aumentar discretamente a precisão das estimativas de glicemia em relação às outras duas condições. Estes resultados foram discutidos dentro de uma abordagem operante, analisando-se o comportamento verbal envolvido nessa discriminação, indicando que o procedimento permite o controle do comportamento por parte de eventos internos e externos.