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Surface-directed assembly of fibrillar extracellular matricesCapadona, Jeffrey R. 21 April 2005 (has links)
Biologically-inspired materials have emerged as promising substrates for enhanced repair in various therapeutic and regenerative medicine applications, including nervous and vascular tissues, bone, and cartilage. These strategies focus on the development of materials that integrate well-characterized domains from biomacromolecules to mimic individual functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including cell adhesive motifs, growth factor binding sites, and protease sensitivity. A vital property of the ECM is the fibrillar architecture arising from supramolecular assembly. For example, the fibrillar structure of fibronectin (FN) matrices modulates cell cycle progression, migration, gene expression, cell differentiation, and the assembly of other matrix proteins. Current biomaterials do not actively promote deposition and assembly of ECM. In this research, we describe the rational design and investigation of non-fouling biomimetic surfaces in which an oligopeptide sequence (FN13) from the self-assembly domain of FN is tethered to non-fouling substrates. This surface modification directs cell-mediated co-assembly of robust fibrillar FN and type I collagen (COL) matrices reminiscent of ECM, and increases in cell proliferation rates. Furthermore, the effect of this peptide is surface-directed, as addition of the soluble peptide has no effect on matrix assembly. We have also identified a critical surface density of the immobilized peptide to elicit the full activity. These results contribute to the development and design of biomimetic surface modifications that direct cell function for biomedical and biotechnology applications.
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Effects of extracellular matrices on porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cellsBryan, Kelley Elizabeth January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Duane L. Davis / The three transcription factors, Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2, are central regulators of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix stem cells also express these transcription factors. Wharton’s jelly is composed of an extracellular matrix high in hyaluronic acid and various collagens and serves as a reservoir for several growth factors and cytokines. We expect that Wharton’s jelly includes a stem cell niche that provides a microenvironment that maintains and supports the stem-cell characteristics of PUCs. The mechanisms by which the PUCs remain primitive within the Wharton’s jelly are unknown.
We developed methods for producing an extracellular matrix product extracted from porcine Wharton’s jelly that we named Pormatrix (PMX). When PMX is incubated at 37[degrees]C, it becomes a matrical gel that provides a matrix allowing PUC attachment and growth. Concentrating the protein in PMX by filtration provides a low molecular weight by-product which we refer to as flow through (FT). In Experiment 1, PUCs were seeded on Pormatrix, Matrigel or plastic substrates in the presence or absence of FT. PUCs cultured on Matrigel, Matrigel+FT, Plastic+FT and PMX had higher expression of Nanog compared to PUCs cultured on PMX+FT (P-value <0.05).
In Experiment 2, the PMX and Matrigel were diluted to low protein concentrations (1.2-1.5 mg/ml protein) so that gelling did not occur. Adding FT to PMX, Matrigel and plastic increased gene expression of Nanog 2.78 fold compared to treatments without FT (P =0.10). Sox-2 expression was increased by adding FT to Matrigel but adding FT to the other matrix proteins had no effect resulting in a tendency for a matrix*FT interaction(P=0.10). The transcription factor Oct-4 remained unchanged regardless of treatment.
To evaluate the effects of in vitro maintenance on Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2 we measured the relative gene expression in PUCs over the first six passages in vitro. Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2 did not differ over these passages. This may indicate that during
the first six passages in vitro, PUCs remain relatively primitive. In summary, we prepared an extract from Wharton’s jelly from porcine umbilical cords. The extract supported PUC attachment and growth and appeared to regulate gene expression. Perhaps with further investigation the interactions of PUCs with their in vivo environment can be elucidated.
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Decellularized Matrices Effect on the Adaptive Immune ResponseSowers, Kegan 01 January 2018 (has links)
Decellularized extracellular matrices have been a growing area of interest in the biomedical engineering fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.As these materials move toward clinical applications, the immune response to these materials will be a driving force toward their success in clinical approaches. Fully digested decellularized matrix constructs derived from porcine liver, muscle and lung were created to test the adaptive immune response. Hydrogel characterization ensured that the materials had relatively similar stiffness levels to reduce variability, and in vitro studies were conducted. Each individual construct as well as a gelatin control were plated with a co-culture of macrophages and T-cells to measure T-cell proliferation. In addition standard markers of inflammation through qPCR were measured in the macrophage group. Constructs were then placed into animals for 3 and 7 days in addition to a second group that received constructs for 21 days before secondary constructs were placed. These groups were then sacrificed following 3, 7 and 14 days to measure the residual and memory-like response of the constructs. Our results showed that t-cell proliferation was increased with decellularized constructs, particularly in tissue with higher DNA content. In vivo, animals with secondary treatments showed extended inflammatory response, driven by Th1 and Th17 polarization suggesting a memory-like response due to recognition of peptides in the constructs from secondary placements.
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Modifications de la composition et de la structure moléculaire du tissu osseux sous l'influence des bisphosphonates / Molecular alterations of bone composition and structure upon bisphosphonates uptakeOlejnik, Cécile 04 July 2014 (has links)
Utilisés dans le traitement de nombreuses pathologies osseuses bénignes (ostéoporose) et malignes (myélome, métastases osseuses), les biphosphonates ont une action inhibitrice sur la résorption et le remodelage osseuse. Ils permettent d’augmenter la masse et la densité de minéralisation osseuse. Ils présentent une forte affinité pour l'os notamment pour les sites à fort remodelage. Les conséquences moléculaires de leur incorporation, en particulier dans les sites osseux à fort remodelage, restent encore à élucider. Ce travail se propose donc d’étudier à l’échelle moléculaire l’impact des biphosphonates sur la composition et la structure du tissu osseux à partir de deux modèles de forte accumulation : la néoformation osseuse chez le rat et l’ostéonécrose des maxillaires liée aux biphosphonates. Nos résultats indiquent que, dans ces conditions, les biphosphonates sont à l’origine de modifications importantes du contenu minéral du tissu osseux et provoquent des altérations structurales concernant les phases minérale et organique. En particulier, une hyperminéralisation est mise en évidence dans le contexte physiopathologique spécifique de l’ostéonécrose des maxillaires liée aux biphosphonates. Cette altération résulterait de processus de minéralisation secondaire avancés liés à l’inhibition du remodelage continu des maxillaires par les biphosphonates. De plus, les modifications de la structure cristalline observées dans les deux modèles témoignent d’un effet direct des biphosphonates lié à la fixation/interaction à la maille cristalline. Enfin, une perturbation des phénomènes de stabilisation de la matrice collagénique osseuse au cours de la néoformation osseuse est suggérée et peut être attribuée à un effet potentiel des biphosphonates sur les cellules ostéoblastiques. Ce travail permet ainsi d’appréhender les conséquences moléculaires d’une accumulation de biphosphonates sur la qualité osseuse. / Biphosphonates are known for their anti-resorptive effects in benign (osteoporosis) and malignant bone diseases (myeloma, bone metastasis). Their clinical properties are based on the net increase of bone mass and mineral density. Their strong affinity for biominerals allows them a targeting for specific bone remodeling sites and a prolonged storage within bone. Little is known about molecular changes upon bisphosphonates uptake in high turnover bone sites. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to examine intrinsic bone material properties in a high cumulative bisphosphonates context such as newly-formed bone and bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Our results show that bisphosphonates could be linked to the overmineralization reported in jaw bones. In addition, bisphosphonates cause ultrastructural disorders of both mineral and collagenic components. These modifications could be attributed to: i) bisphosphonates effects on the duration of mineralization processes, ii) to its mineral binding/interaction consequences, and iii) interestingly to its potential contribution on the osteoblastic function. This work contributes to clarify the molecular impacts of high cumulative bisphosphonates uptake on bone quality.
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Artificial Extracellular Matrices Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsKroschwald, Lysann M., Allerdt, Felix, Bernhardt, Anne, Rother, Sandra, Zheng, Kai, Maqsood, Iram, Halfter, Norbert, Heinemann, Christiane, Möller, Stephanie, Schnabelrauch, Matthias, Hacker, Michael C., Rammelt, Stefan, Boccaccini, Aldo R., Hintze, Vera 24 January 2024 (has links)
The present study analyzes the capacity of collagen (coll)/sulfated glycosaminoglycan
(sGAG)-based surface coatings containing bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) in promoting the
osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stroma cells (hMSC). Physicochemical characteristics
of these coatings and their effects on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC
were investigated. BGN were stably incorporated into the artificial extracellular matrices (aECM).
Oscillatory rheology showed predominantly elastic, gel-like properties of the coatings. The complex
viscosity increased depending on the GAG component and was further elevated by adding BGN.
BGN-containing aECM showed a release of silicon ions as well as an uptake of calcium ions. hMSC
were able to proliferate on coll and coll/sGAG coatings, while cellular growth was delayed on aECM
containing BGN. However, a stimulating effect of BGN on ALP activity and calcium deposition
was shown. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of sGAG and BGN was found for some donors. Our
findings demonstrated the promising potential of aECM and BGN combinations in promoting bone
regeneration. Still, future work is required to further optimize the BGN/aECM combination for
increasing its combined osteogenic effect.
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Artificial Extracellular Matrices with Oversulfated Glycosaminoglycan Derivatives Promote the Differentiation of Osteoblast-Precursor Cells and Premature OsteoblastsHempel, Ute, Preissler, Carolin, Vogel, Sarah, Möller, Stephanie, Hintze, Vera, Becher, Jana, Schnabelrauch, Matthias, Rauner, Martina, Hofbauer, Lorenz C., Dieter, Peter 07 May 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are components of the bone marrow stem cell niche and to a minor extent of mature bone tissue with important functions in regulating stem cell lineage commitment and differentiation. We anticipated that artificial extracellular matrices (aECM) composed of collagen I and synthetically oversulfated GAG derivatives affect preferentially the differentiation of osteoblast-precursor cells and early osteoblasts. A set of gradually sulfated chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan derivatives was used for the preparation of aECM. All these matrices were analysed with human bone marrow stromal cells to identify the most potent aECM and to determine the influence of the degree and position of sulfate groups and the kind of disaccharide units on the osteogenic differentiation. Oversulfated GAG derivatives with a sulfate group at the C-6 position of the N-acetylglycosamine revealed the most pronounced proosteogenic effect as determined by tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. A subset of the aECM was further analysed with different primary osteoblasts and cell lines reflecting different maturation stages to test whether the effect of sulfated GAG derivatives depends on the maturation status of the cells. It was shown that the proosteogenic effect of aECMwasmost prominent in early osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Artificial Extracellular Matrices with Oversulfated Glycosaminoglycan Derivatives Promote the Differentiation of Osteoblast-Precursor Cells and Premature OsteoblastsHempel, Ute, Preissler, Carolin, Vogel, Sarah, Möller, Stephanie, Hintze, Vera, Becher, Jana, Schnabelrauch, Matthias, Rauner, Martina, Hofbauer, Lorenz C., Dieter, Peter 07 May 2015 (has links)
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are components of the bone marrow stem cell niche and to a minor extent of mature bone tissue with important functions in regulating stem cell lineage commitment and differentiation. We anticipated that artificial extracellular matrices (aECM) composed of collagen I and synthetically oversulfated GAG derivatives affect preferentially the differentiation of osteoblast-precursor cells and early osteoblasts. A set of gradually sulfated chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan derivatives was used for the preparation of aECM. All these matrices were analysed with human bone marrow stromal cells to identify the most potent aECM and to determine the influence of the degree and position of sulfate groups and the kind of disaccharide units on the osteogenic differentiation. Oversulfated GAG derivatives with a sulfate group at the C-6 position of the N-acetylglycosamine revealed the most pronounced proosteogenic effect as determined by tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. A subset of the aECM was further analysed with different primary osteoblasts and cell lines reflecting different maturation stages to test whether the effect of sulfated GAG derivatives depends on the maturation status of the cells. It was shown that the proosteogenic effect of aECMwasmost prominent in early osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von artifiziellen extrazellulären Matrizes und elektrischen Feldern auf humane mesenchymale Stammzellen / Influence of artificial extracellular matrices and electric fields on human mesenchymal stem cellsHeß, Ricarda 31 July 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Eine bevorzugte Zellquelle für den Einsatz im Tissue Engineering sind mesenchymale Stammzellen (MSZ). Diese besitzen, neben einer hohen Proliferationsrate, die Fähigkeit, sich in verschiedene Zellen des mesodermen Ursprungs und in die entsprechenden Gewebetypen zu entwickeln. Um ein funktionales Gewebe zu erhalten ist es Ziel, sich bereits in vitro den in vivo Bedingungen anzunähern. Hierbei spielen neben der dreidimensionalen Struktur der Scaffolds auch die biochemische Mikroumgebung der Zellen in Form der unlöslichen extrazellulären Matrix (EZM) und den löslichen Mediatorproteinen wie Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren, sowie die physikalische Stimulation der Zellen eine wichtige Rolle. Während sich gegenwärtige Untersuchungen im TE vorwiegend mit den alleinigen Einflussfaktoren beschäftigen, verfolgt die vorliegende Arbeit das Ziel, die Auswirkungen kombinierter Stimuli durch Verwendung einer artifiziellen EZM, bestehend aus definierten Komponenten der nativen EZM, und physikalischer Stimuli durch elektrische Felder zu untersuchen. Letzteres erfolgte mit einem innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe neu entwickelten System, dass die Stimulation von Zellen mit ausschließlich elektrischen Feldern, ohne störende Nebeneinflüsse, erlaubt.
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Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von artifiziellen extrazellulären Matrizes und elektrischen Feldern auf humane mesenchymale StammzellenHeß, Ricarda 20 June 2013 (has links)
Eine bevorzugte Zellquelle für den Einsatz im Tissue Engineering sind mesenchymale Stammzellen (MSZ). Diese besitzen, neben einer hohen Proliferationsrate, die Fähigkeit, sich in verschiedene Zellen des mesodermen Ursprungs und in die entsprechenden Gewebetypen zu entwickeln. Um ein funktionales Gewebe zu erhalten ist es Ziel, sich bereits in vitro den in vivo Bedingungen anzunähern. Hierbei spielen neben der dreidimensionalen Struktur der Scaffolds auch die biochemische Mikroumgebung der Zellen in Form der unlöslichen extrazellulären Matrix (EZM) und den löslichen Mediatorproteinen wie Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren, sowie die physikalische Stimulation der Zellen eine wichtige Rolle. Während sich gegenwärtige Untersuchungen im TE vorwiegend mit den alleinigen Einflussfaktoren beschäftigen, verfolgt die vorliegende Arbeit das Ziel, die Auswirkungen kombinierter Stimuli durch Verwendung einer artifiziellen EZM, bestehend aus definierten Komponenten der nativen EZM, und physikalischer Stimuli durch elektrische Felder zu untersuchen. Letzteres erfolgte mit einem innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe neu entwickelten System, dass die Stimulation von Zellen mit ausschließlich elektrischen Feldern, ohne störende Nebeneinflüsse, erlaubt.:1 Einleitung und Zielstellung
2 Theoretische Grundlagen
2.1 Der Knochen
2.1.1 Allgemeine Biologie und Physiologie des Knochengewebes
2.1.2 Knochenersatzmaterialien
2.2 Tissue Engineering von Knochengewebe
2.2.1 Trägermaterialien für das TE von Knochen
2.2.2 Zellen für das TE von Knochen
2.2.3 Artifizielle extrazelluläre Matrizes für das TE von Knochen
2.3 Einfluss elektrischer Felder auf Knochenumbauprozesse
2.3.1 Methoden zur Applikation von elektrischen Feldern
2.3.2 In vitro Untersuchungen zum Einfluss elektrischer Felder
2.3.3 Methode der Transformator-ähnlichen Einkopplung (TC)
3 Materialien
3.1 Technische Hilfsmittel und Geräte
3.2 Verbrauchsmaterialien
3.3 Chemikalien, Reagenzien und Kits
3.4 Antikörper
3.5 Oligonukleotide
3.6 Puffer-, Medien- und Lösungszusammensetzungen
3.7 Zellen
4 Methoden
4.1 Polycaprolacton-Co-Lactid (PCL)-Scaffolds
4.1.1 Präparation und Hydrophilisierung der PCL-Scaffolds
4.1.2 Beschichtung der PCL-Scaffolds
4.1.3 Charakterisierung der Beschichtung auf den PCL-Scaffolds
4.2 Zellkulturtechniken
4.2.1 Auftauen und Subkultivierung
4.2.2 Einfrieren
4.2.3 Induktion der osteogenen Differenzierung
4.2.4 Induktion der adipogenen Differenzierung
4.2.5 Induktion der chondrogenen Differenzierung
4.2.6 Besiedlung und Kultivierung der Zell-Matrix-Konstrukte
4.2.7 Elektrische Stimulation der Zell-Matrix-Konstrukte
4.2.8 Blockierung definierter Signaltransduktionswege
4.3 Mikroskopische Analytik der Zellen
4.3.1 Darstellung der Zellverteilung mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM)
4.3.2 Qualitative Bestimmung von Fetttröpfchen mittels Oil-Red-O Färbung
4.3.3 Qualitative Bestimmung der Mineralisierung mittels vonKossa-
Färbung
4.4 Durchflusszytometrie
4.5 Biochemische Analytik der Zellen
4.5.1 Bestimmung der Zellzahl mittels Lactatdehydrogenase (LDH)-
Aktivität
4.5.2 Bestimmung der alkalische Phosphatase (ALP)-Aktivität
4.5.3 Quantitative Bestimmung des Kalziumgehaltes
4.6 Molekularbiologische Analytik / Genexpressionsanalyse
4.6.1 RNA Extraktion
4.6.2 cDNA-Synthese / Reverse Transkriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
4.6.3 Amplifikation von cDNA mittels quantitativer Real-Time PCR
(qPCR)
4.7 Statistische Auswertung
5 Weiterentwicklung der Kammer zur TC-Einkopplung
5.1 Grundlegende theoretische Betrachtungen zur TC-Einkopplung
5.1.1 Ersatzschaltbild der TC-Einkopplung
5.1.2 Abschätzung des Eisenkernquerschnitts
5.1.3 Einfluss der Primärwindungszahl
5.2 Neudimensionierung und Aufbau der Stimulationseinrichtung
5.3 Verlauf der elektrischen Größen
5.3.1 Simulation
5.3.2 Messung
5.3.3 Abschätzung des magnetischen Feldes in der Kammer
5.4 Zusammenfassung
6 Zellexperimentelle Ergebnisse
6.1 Charakterisierung der humanen MSZ nach in vitro Kultivierung
6.1.1 Morphologie
6.1.2 Phänotypische Charakterisierung mittels Durchflusszytometrie
6.1.3 Multipotentes Differenzierungspotential
6.2 Zellverhalten auf den unbeschichteten PCL-Scaffolds
6.2.1 Ermittlung eines geeigneten Besiedlungsregimes
6.2.2 Zellverteilung und Proliferation der MSZ
6.2.3 Osteogene Differenzierung der MSZ
6.3 Einfluss der aEZM auf das Zellverhalten von MSZ
6.3.1 Quantitative Bestimmung der aEZM-Komponenten
6.3.2 Einfluss der aEZM auf die Adhärenz und Proliferation von MSZ
6.3.3 Einfluss der aEZM auf die osteogene Differenzierung von MSZ
6.4 Einfluss elektrischer Felder auf das Zellverhalten von MSZ
6.4.1 Einfluss der elektrischen Felder auf die Proliferation und osteogene Differenzierung von MSZ
6.4.2 Einfluss elektrischer Felder in Kombination mit Koll/sHya enthaltenden aEZM auf die Proliferation und osteogene Differenzierung von MSZ
6.4.3 Untersuchungen zu möglichen Signaltransduktionswegen
7 Diskussion der Ergebnisse
7.1 Charakterisierung der humanen MSZ nach in vitro Kultivierung
7.2 Zellverhalten auf den unbeschichteten PCL-Scaffolds
7.3 Einfluss der aEZM auf das Zellverhalten von MSZ
7.4 Einfluss elektrischer Felder auf das Zellverhalten von MSZ
8 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Literaturverzeichnis
Danksagung
Eigene Publikationen und Mitautorschaften
A Zusatzinformationen für die quantitative RT-PCR
A.1 Versuchsdesign der Genexpressionsanalysen
A.2 Qualitätskontrolle der isolierten RNA
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