Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Past research demonstrates the high prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries, and therefore much work has gone into examining potential antecedents to such incidences. However, while some research has examined personality as a potential antecedent, results suggesting personality as a significant predictor of occupational safety remain inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of the current work is to conduct a cross-sectional multi-source survey study that will take a closer look at the relationships between various personality variables and occupational safety. Essentially, the purpose of the current study is threefold: (1) to examine the relationships between two Big Five personality factors, safety locus of control, and optimism bias as antecedents of safety performance and outcomes, (2) to take a facet-level analysis by breaking up the extraversion and conscientiousness factors into their constituent facets in order to see if each facet may be differentially related to occupational safety when compared the overall factor, and (3) to examine various moderators that may affect the relationships between extraversion and occupational safety. Results of this study suggest that the extraversion and conscientiousness facets are not differentially related to occupational safety. Further, some evidence for contextual moderators in the relationships between personality and safety performance was found. Overall, this study provides further insight into the role that personality may play in predicting safety across various industries.

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For over a century, the enigmatic nature of narcissism has been the source of debate across psychological, sociological, and developmental domains. Although much has been written in recent years about narcissism as a generational phenomenon, referencing data collected from university undergraduates, there is little to no applied research and discussion into the implications for teaching and learning with respect to the reciprocal interactions between narcissistic students and traditional undergraduate education. Recognizing this paucity in the literature, the manuscripts within this dissertation draw theoretical and empirical connections between narcissism and learning, highlighting significant relationships between narcissism as a dispositional construct and achievement goal orientation. Through the development of a theoretical Triarchic Model of Dispositional Narcissism and the empirical exploration of its viability, this dissertation is written in accordance with sentiments that suggest educational psychologists seek to improve learning through a more comprehensive recognition of the variables that contribute to cognitive processes. The theoretical design, research, and interpretations within this dissertation seek to provide a heuristic through which educators may develop proactive, interventive instructional models and pedagogies that will encourage all students to improve their learning by engaging in strategies that lead to deeper cognitive and metacognitive processing. / Ph. D.

The unusual high-pitched cry of the high-risk infant has been shown to be rated as generally more aversive than low-risk infant cries. Because psychophysiological measures may provide sensitive indicators of perceptual differences which occur as a function of the listener's personality, the relation between heat rate (HR) to low-and high-risk infant cries and introversion-extraversion was examined. Introverts were predicted to show a greater amount of HR acceleration to infant cries than extraverts due to the introvert's lower threshold for psychophysiological activity. Extraverts were predicted to show a greater amount of HR deceleration to infant cries due to the extravert's high threshold for psychophysiological activity. A between groups design was used in which 40 introverts and 40 extraverts listened to a series of low-or high-risk infant cries while their HR was monitored. A significant personality by cry type interaction was found for HR acceleration but no significant differences were revealed in the post-hoc tests. Nonparametric analysis, however, revealed that introverts gave reliably more responses of greater HR acceleration to high- than to low-risk infant cries, suggesting that high-risk infant cries are perceived as more aversive. Heightened perceptual awareness by the introvert may be resulting in the greater differentiation of HR responses between cry types. Implications of these findings with child abuse and neglect are discussed. / M.S.

Les conduites sexuelles extradyadiques entrainent des répercussions négatives sur le bienêtre, la santé mentale et la santé physique des individus concernés. La personnalité, déterminant les patrons de comportements, de pensées et d’émotions, et les motivations à l’origine du comportement sexuel, jouent des rôles centraux dans l’expérience de la sexualité. L’objectif de ce projet de mémoire doctoral est alors d’explorer la relation entre les motivations sexuelles et l’adoption de conduites sexuelles extradyadiques ainsi que l’effet modérateur de la personnalité sur cette relation. Au total, 709 participants en couple ont été recrutés dans la population générale et dans la communauté universitaire de la région de Québec afin de répondre aux questionnaires en ligne portant sur les motivations sexuelles, la personnalité et les conduites sexuelles extradyadiques. Les résultats de la régression logistique démontrent que des motivations sexuelles d’hédonisme et de domination augmentent la probabilité de s’engager dans des activités sexuelles extradyadiques alors que des motivations sexuelles d’amour et d’affection diminuent le risque d’adopter des conduites sexuelles extradyadiques. Les résultats démontrent également une interaction significative dans laquelle un niveau élevé de motivations sexuelles de soumission jumelé à un niveau élevé d’extraversion augmente la probabilité de présenter des comportements sexuels extradyadiques. Une deuxième interaction est significative dans laquelle des niveaux élevés de motivations sexuelles de reconnaissance et des niveaux moyen et élevé de névrosisme sont associés à un risque plus faible d’adopter des conduites sexuelles extradyadiques. Ces résultats contribuent au développement de meilleures pratiques en matière d’évaluation clinique en mettant en lumière l’importance de considérer les motivations sexuelles pouvant contribuer à certains comportements sexuels à risque tels que les conduites sexuelles extradyadiques.

Arbetstillfredsställelse är ett komplext begrepp (Smith m.fl., 2010) som kan beskrivas som en attitydsvariabel för hur individen upplever sitt arbete (Spector, 1996). Tidigare studier har visat att sociala faktorer, personlighetsdraget extraversion såväl som stress påverkar individens grad av arbetstillfredsställelse. Arbetsmiljöverkets rapport från 2001 visade att lagerarbetare är ett av de 10 mest stressade yrkena bland män. Däremot är forskningen om arbetstillfredsställelse i denna yrkesgrupp mycket begränsad. Föreliggande studies syfte var därför att undersöka om de psykologiska och sociala faktorerna (arbetskrav, rollförväntningar, kontroll i arbetet, social interaktion, ledarskap, grupparbete, organisationskultur- och klimat, förutsägbarhet samt skicklighet i arbetet) predicerar arbetstillfredsställelse. Vidare var syftet med studien att undersöka om grad av stress och extraversion påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen. Studien omfattade 84 anställda vid två lagerföretag. Instrumentet som användes var QPSNordic 34+ (frågeformulär om psykologiska och sociala faktorer samt stress) och Eysencks personlighetstest EPQ-R (Eysenck personality questionnaire- revised). Resultatet av MRA visade att de psykologiska och sociala faktorerna tillsammans förklarade 13.3% av arbetstillfredsställelsen. Vidare visade resultat från ett ANOVA-test att individer med en låg grad av stress upplevde hög arbetstillfredsställelse. Slutligen fanns det inga skillnader mellan grad av extraversion och arbetstillfredsställelse bland lagerarbetare. Nyckelord: Lagerarbetare, Arbetstillfredsställelse, psykosociala faktorer, stress, extraversion. / Work satisfaction is a complex construct (Smith et al., 2010) which can be described as a variable of attitude on how the individual experiences the workplace (Spector, 1996). Previous studies have showed that social factors, the personality trait extraversion, and stress, influence the level of work satisfaction. A report from the Swedish Work Environment Authority from 2001 indicates that store workers is one of the ten most stressful occupations among men. Research regarding work satisfaction which concerned this group is very narrow. The purpose of the study was to highlight this occupation, and examine if psychological and social factors (work requirement, role expectations, control at work, social interaction, leadership, group work, organizational culture and climate, predictability and skillfulness at work) can predict work satisfaction. Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to investigate how the level of stress and extraversion can have an impact on work satisfaction. This study was implemented with a sample of 84 employees from two companies. The instruments used were the QPSNordic 34+ (Questionnaire with psychological and social factors and stress) and the Eysenck’s personality test EPQ-R (Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised). The result of the MRA showed that the psychological and social factors explained 13,3 % of the work satisfaction. Furthermore, the ANOVA showed that low stress level results in high work satisfaction. The study showed no differences between levels of extraversion and work satisfaction among store workers.

Sammanfattning En lägre grad av upplevd trivsel vid universitet är ett relativt vanligt fenomen bland studenter, som kopplas till bland annat psykisk ohälsa, stress och dåliga betyg. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa studietrivseln bland olika klasstorlekskategorigrupper som uppger sig att vara i genomsnitt extroverta. Frågeställningar relevanta för att besvara syftet var: Finns det en skillnad i genomsnittligt självskattad studietrivsel mellan olika klasstorlekskategorier? Går det att predicera studietrivsel beroende på antalet studiekamrater en student läser tillsammans med? Finns det en korrelation mellan studietrivsel och till vilken grad individen har ett stort socialt nätverk? Finns det ett positivt samband mellan personlighetsdraget extraversion och storleken på det sociala nätverket? I studien användes en webb-enkät som deltagarna fick besvara via en länk på Facebook. I studien deltog 100 deltagare, varav 66 kvinnor, 32 män och 2 "icke-binär".  Enkäten bestod av fyra delar med fyra olika mätinstrument – självskattad studietillfredställelse/studietrivsel påståenden användes för att mäta deltagarens upplevda trivsel med sin studiesituation, Socialt nätverk (AVSI - Availability of Social Integration Questionnaire) användes för att mäta antalet studiekamrater i klassen som deltagaren kände sig ha socialt stöd ifrån i klassen, och Extraversionsskalan ifrån (TIPI- The Ten Item Personality Inventory) användes för att mäta deltagarens grad av personlighetsdraget extraversion. Resultatet visade att studiens stickprov i högre grad hade personlighetsdraget extraversion. En ANOVA för oberoende mätningar indikerade att det fanns en signifikant skillnad i självskattad studietrivsel mellan klasstorlekarna. Korrelationsanalys indikerade att det fanns en koppling mellan studietrivsel och socialt nätverk. Regressionsanalys visade att klasstorlek var prediktor för studietrivsel. Endast 7,3 % av variansen i studietrivsel kunde förklaras av variansen av prediktor-variabeln klasstorlek, vilket är lite. Studiens resultat indikerar att studenter trivs mer i somliga klasstorlekar än i andra. / Abstract A lower degree of experienced satisfaction is a common phenomenon among university students and is associated with negative outcomes like mental problems, stress and poor grades. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported study satisfaction amongst students in different class size categories, which in average reports themselves as extrovert, at different universities across Sweden. The four questions that this study intended to answer were: Is there a difference between students' average study satisfaction depending on the class size? Can study satisfaction be predicted depending on class size? Is there a correlation between study satisfaction and the number of friends that the student perceives he or she have in the class? And is there a positive correlation between the personality trait extraversion and the number of friends that the student perceives he or she have in his/hers social network? The study was a quantitative web -survey that participants answered via Facebook. The study involved 100 participants, 66 women and 32 men and 2 "non-binary". The survey was composed of three parts consisting of three separate measuring instruments – Study satisfaction Questionnaire was used to measure the participants’ sense of study satisfaction, Availability of Social Integration Questionnaire (AVSI) measured the participants’ quantity of classmates in the class and Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to estimate the personality trait extraversion.   The results show a correlation between the personality trait extraversion and social network. The regression showed that class size is a predictor for study satisfaction for students. Only 7,3 % of the variance in study satisfaction could be explained by the variance of the variable class size, which is not much.  The study's results show that in some class sizes students feel more study satisfaction then in others.