No description available.

Objectives: Our goal was to explore the association between vision with cognitive change scores and incident depression. Methods: A 3-year prospective cohort study was performed. Incident depression was defined using a cut-off score of 10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Cognitive change was examined by calculating the difference between baseline and follow-up cognitive tests scores. Multivariable Poisson and linear regression were used. Results: Cataract was associated with incident depression (relative risk=1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 1.37). Visual impairment was associated with the 3-year change in Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (β=-0.18, 95% CI= -0.28, -0.07), RAVLT-Delayed (β=-0.13, 95% CI= -0.25, -0.02), and Animal Naming Test (β=-0.95, 95% CI= -1.44, -0.45) scores. Glaucoma was associated with 3-year Mental Alternation Test change scores (β=-0.40, 95% CI -0.77, -0.04). Conclusions: Cataract was associated with increased depression risk. VI and glaucoma are associated with 3-year changes in cognitive test scores.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No / PURPOSE. The Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS) has been extensively validated by traditional methodology. In the current study, Rasch analysis was used to explore further the validity of the ADVS and to determine whether improvements could be made. METHODS. Forty-three patients with cataract underwent visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) testing and completed the ADVS. The data were Rasch analyzed and the value of response scale and item reduction explored. A shortened version and the original ADVS were tested for criterion validity by determining correlations with VA and CS. RESULTS. The ADVS data contained nonnormally distributed items and items with ceiling effects and empty response categories. Therefore, items benefited from shortening the response scale, the optimum length being three responses. There was poor targeting of item difficulty to patient ability, because many patients with cataract were sufficiently able that they had no difficulty with many activities. Items were eliminated if the task was too easy or did not fit with the overall concept of visual disability determined by the Rasch model. A reduced ADVS version was established that had adequate precision, equivalent criterion validity, and improved targeting of item difficulty to patient ability, but this version was still not ideal. CONCLUSIONS. Despite careful traditional validation, the ADVS data contained inadequacies exposed by Rasch analysis. Through Rasch scaling, particularly with response scale reduction, the ADVS can be improved, but additional questions seem to be needed to suit the more able, including patients undergoing second eye cataract surgery. There remains a need to develop Rasch-scaled measures of visual disability for use in ophthalmic outcomes research.

I och med en förbättrad folkhälsa och därmed en livslängd som tilltar ökar förekomsten av åldersrelaterade ögonsjukdomar. Forskning har visat att sjuksköterskor i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård inte uppmärksammar synnedsättning i någon större utsträckning. Sjuksköterskor har en betydelsefull roll i att hjälpa den äldre vårdtagaren gällande ögonsjukdom och synnedsättning vilket kan förbättra deras hälsa och välbefinnande. Syftet med studien var att utforska kommunsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av omvårdnad till äldre vårdtagare med ögonsjukdom. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats, deltagare i studien var sex kommunsjuksköterskor. Resultatet visade att de upplevde bristande erfarenhet om ögonsjukdomar och att det inte prioriterades i dokumentation och omvårdnad. Vidare visade resultatet att samarbetet mellan vårdpersonal är betydelsefull, sjuksköterskan i kommunen arbetar vanligtvis på avstånd från vårdtagaren och måste förlita sig på omvårdnadspersonal. Det framkom också att det fanns ett kunskapsbehov om ögonsjukdomar och kompetensutveckling efterfrågades. Utbildning om ögonsjukvård för sjuksköterskestudenter och verksamma sjuksköterskor i kommunen är betydelsefullt i framtiden samt vidare forskning om omvårdnad vid ögonsjukdom inom kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. Kunskapen som studien gett är att den kan skapa förutsättningar för kommunsjuksköterskan att arbeta hälsofrämjande och därmed skapa en trygg tillvaro för den äldre vårdtagaren med ögonsjukdom. / With the improved health and longevity, the incidence of age-related eye diseases increases. Research has showed that nurses in public health do not pay attention to visually impaired at any significant extent. Nurses have an important role in helping the elderly patient regarding eye disease and vision loss which can improve their health and wellbeing. The purpose of the study was to explore the Municipality nurse's experiences of care for older patients with eye disease. The study was conducted as a qualitative interview with the inductive approach, participants in the study were six municipal nurses. Results showed that they experienced a lack of experience of eye disease and it was not a priority in the documentation and nursing. The results also showed that cooperation between health professionals is important because the nurse in the municipality usually work at a distance from the patient, and must rely on the nursing staff. It also emerged that there was a need for knowledge about eye diseases and skills were needed. Training of ophthalmic care for nursing students and nurses working in the municipality is significant in the future as well as further research on the care of eye disease in municipal health care. The knowledge that the study has given is that it can create the conditions for municipal nurses to promote health and give a safe environment for the older patient with eye disease.

Objectif: Évaluer les défis de la mobilité chez les personnes âgées atteintes de dégénérescence maculaire reliée à l’âge (DMLA), de glaucome ou de dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs et les comparer avec les personnes âgées n’ayant pas de maladie oculaire. Devis: Étude transversale de population hospitalière Participants: 253 participants (61 avec la DMLA, 45 avec la dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs, 79 avec le glaucome et 68 contrôles) Méthodes: Nous avons recruté les patients parmi ceux qui se font soigner dans les cliniques d’ophtalmologie de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Montréal, Canada) de septembre 2009 à octobre 2010. Les patients atteints de la DMLA ou de la maladie de Fuchs ont une acuité visuelle inférieure à 20/40 dans les deux yeux, tandis que les patients avec du glaucome ont un champ visuel dans le pire oeil inférieur ou égal à -4dB. Les patients contrôles, qui ont été recrutés à partir des mêmes cliniques, ont une acuité visuelle et un champ visuel normaux. Nous avons colligé des données concernant la mobilité à partir des questionnaires (aire de mobilité et chutes) et des tests (test de l’équilibre monopodal, timed Up and Go (TUG) test). Pour mesurer la fonction visuelle nous avons mesuré l’acuité visuelle, la sensibilité au contraste et le champ visuel. Nous avons également révisé le dossier médical. Pour les analyses statistiques nous avons utilisé les régressions linéaire et logistique. Critères de jugement principaux: aire de mobilité, équilibre, test timed Up and Go, chutes Résultats: Les trois maladies oculaires ont été associées à des patrons différents de limitation de la mobilité. Les patients atteints de glaucome ont eu le type le plus sévère de restriction de mobilité; ils ont une aire de mobilité plus réduite, des scores plus bas au test TUG et ils sont plus enclins à avoir un équilibre faible et à faire plus de chutes que les contrôles (p < 0.05). De plus, comparativement aux contrôles, les patients ayant de la DMLA ou la dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs ont eu une aire de mobilité réduite (p < 0.05). Les chutes n’ont pas été associées aux maladies oculaires dans cette étude. Conclusions: Nos résultats suggèrent que les maladies oculaires, et surtout le glaucome, limitent la mobilité chez les personnes âgées. De futures études sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact d’une mobilité restreinte chez cette population pour pouvoir envisager des interventions ciblées qui pourraient les aider à maintenir leur indépendance le plus longtemps possible. / Objective: To examine the extent of mobility limitations in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, or Fuchs corneal dystrophy as compared to a control group of older adults with good vision. Design: Cross-sectional hospital-based study Participants: 253 people (61 with AMD, 45 with Fuchs, 79 with glaucoma, and 68 controls) Methods: Patients were recruited from the ophthalmology clinic of Maisonneuve- Rosemont Hospital (Montreal, Canada) from September 2009 until October 2010. Patients with AMD and Fuchs had to have visual acuity in the better eye of worse than 20/40 while patients with glaucoma had to have visual field deficit in their worse eye of at least -4dB. Control patients who had normal visual acuity and visual field were recruited from the same clinic. Questionnaire (life space and falls) and performance-based (one-legged balance test, timed Up and Go (TUG) test) mobility data were collected, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field were assessed, and the medical record was reviewed. Linear and logistic regression were used. Main Outcome Measures: Life space, balance, timed Up and Go, falls Results: The three eye diseases were associated with different patterns of mobility limitations. Patients with glaucoma had the most types of mobility limitations as they had reduced life space, had worse TUG scores, and were more likely to have poor balance than the control group (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, patients with AMD or Fuchs corneal dystrophy had reduced life space (p < 0.05). Falls were not related to eye disease in this study.Conclusions: Our results suggest that eye diseases, especially glaucoma, restrain the mobility of older people. It is important to further explore the impact of eye disease on mobility in this population in order to develop interventions that would help affected older adults maintain their independence.

Objectif: Évaluer les défis de la mobilité chez les personnes âgées atteintes de dégénérescence maculaire reliée à l’âge (DMLA), de glaucome ou de dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs et les comparer avec les personnes âgées n’ayant pas de maladie oculaire. Devis: Étude transversale de population hospitalière Participants: 253 participants (61 avec la DMLA, 45 avec la dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs, 79 avec le glaucome et 68 contrôles) Méthodes: Nous avons recruté les patients parmi ceux qui se font soigner dans les cliniques d’ophtalmologie de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Montréal, Canada) de septembre 2009 à octobre 2010. Les patients atteints de la DMLA ou de la maladie de Fuchs ont une acuité visuelle inférieure à 20/40 dans les deux yeux, tandis que les patients avec du glaucome ont un champ visuel dans le pire oeil inférieur ou égal à -4dB. Les patients contrôles, qui ont été recrutés à partir des mêmes cliniques, ont une acuité visuelle et un champ visuel normaux. Nous avons colligé des données concernant la mobilité à partir des questionnaires (aire de mobilité et chutes) et des tests (test de l’équilibre monopodal, timed Up and Go (TUG) test). Pour mesurer la fonction visuelle nous avons mesuré l’acuité visuelle, la sensibilité au contraste et le champ visuel. Nous avons également révisé le dossier médical. Pour les analyses statistiques nous avons utilisé les régressions linéaire et logistique. Critères de jugement principaux: aire de mobilité, équilibre, test timed Up and Go, chutes Résultats: Les trois maladies oculaires ont été associées à des patrons différents de limitation de la mobilité. Les patients atteints de glaucome ont eu le type le plus sévère de restriction de mobilité; ils ont une aire de mobilité plus réduite, des scores plus bas au test TUG et ils sont plus enclins à avoir un équilibre faible et à faire plus de chutes que les contrôles (p < 0.05). De plus, comparativement aux contrôles, les patients ayant de la DMLA ou la dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs ont eu une aire de mobilité réduite (p < 0.05). Les chutes n’ont pas été associées aux maladies oculaires dans cette étude. Conclusions: Nos résultats suggèrent que les maladies oculaires, et surtout le glaucome, limitent la mobilité chez les personnes âgées. De futures études sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact d’une mobilité restreinte chez cette population pour pouvoir envisager des interventions ciblées qui pourraient les aider à maintenir leur indépendance le plus longtemps possible. / Objective: To examine the extent of mobility limitations in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, or Fuchs corneal dystrophy as compared to a control group of older adults with good vision. Design: Cross-sectional hospital-based study Participants: 253 people (61 with AMD, 45 with Fuchs, 79 with glaucoma, and 68 controls) Methods: Patients were recruited from the ophthalmology clinic of Maisonneuve- Rosemont Hospital (Montreal, Canada) from September 2009 until October 2010. Patients with AMD and Fuchs had to have visual acuity in the better eye of worse than 20/40 while patients with glaucoma had to have visual field deficit in their worse eye of at least -4dB. Control patients who had normal visual acuity and visual field were recruited from the same clinic. Questionnaire (life space and falls) and performance-based (one-legged balance test, timed Up and Go (TUG) test) mobility data were collected, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field were assessed, and the medical record was reviewed. Linear and logistic regression were used. Main Outcome Measures: Life space, balance, timed Up and Go, falls Results: The three eye diseases were associated with different patterns of mobility limitations. Patients with glaucoma had the most types of mobility limitations as they had reduced life space, had worse TUG scores, and were more likely to have poor balance than the control group (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, patients with AMD or Fuchs corneal dystrophy had reduced life space (p < 0.05). Falls were not related to eye disease in this study.Conclusions: Our results suggest that eye diseases, especially glaucoma, restrain the mobility of older people. It is important to further explore the impact of eye disease on mobility in this population in order to develop interventions that would help affected older adults maintain their independence.

Syfte: Att genom en litteraturstudie jämföra Schirmers tårtest (STT) och fenolröd tråd (PRTT), för att se hur god korrelation det är mellan de två testerna vid diagnostisering av torra ögon. Metod: Analysera och jämföra studier med hjälp av olika artiklar. Dessa artiklar har hittats genom sökning i databasen Google scholar med sökfraserna schirmer´s test versus phenol red thread och tear test correlations. Fem relevanta artiklar valdes ut för närmare granskning. Resultat: Det har framkommit varierande resultat angående huruvida det finns en god korrelation mellan Schirmers tårtest och fenolröd tråd. Slutsats: Efter att ha tittat närmare på de fem studierna så kan man konstatera att det behövs ytterligare studier av testerna Schirmers tårtest och fenolröd tråd, dessutom behövs det gemensamma gränser för vad som är torra ögon. När det gäller korrelationen mellan Schirmers tårtest och fenolröd tråd så är det svårt att ta ställning till det eftersom alla studier har olika urvalskriterier. / Objective: This literature review is a comparison of the Schirmer's tear test (STT) and the Phenol Red Thread Test (PRTT). The aim of the review is to find out if there was a good correlation between the two tests regarding diagnosing dry eye disease. Method: Analyze and compare studies using different articles. These articles were found by searching the Google Scholar. The search phrases were Schirmer´s test versus phenol red thread and tear test correlations. Five relevant articles were selected for further review. Results: There have been varying results regarding whether there is a good correlation between Schirmer's tear test and Phenol Red Thread. Conclusion: After a closer look at the five studies, it can be concluded that further studies of the Schirmer's tear test and Phenol Red Thread are required, in addition, there is a need of common cutoffs for diagnosing dry eye disease. It is hard to find a correlation between Schirmer's tear test and Phenol Red Thread, since all studies use different criteria for inclusion.