Terrestra laserskannrar har varit vanligt förekommande i geodetiska mätningar i över 10 år. Den tekniska utvecklingen går fort och specialiserade instrument lanseras ständigt. En typ av dessa specialiserade terrestra laserskannrar är handhållna laserskannrar. De är främst framtagen för att generera punktmoln av utrymmen och mindre objekt där den vanliga laserskannern har svårigheter att skanna. Då de handhållna laserskannrarna är relativt ny är forskningen på instrumenten begränsad och i avsaknad på standardiserade kontrollmetoder finns ett behov att studera instrumenten. I detta examensarbete studerades därför den handhållna laserskannern FARO Freestyle X för att undersöka hur bra den handhållna laserskanningstekniken egentligt är samt vilka begränsningar instrumenten har. Detta gjordes genom att jämföra punktmoln från FARO Freestyle X med referenspunktmoln genererat av Leicas multistation MS50. För att studera instrumentet valdes flertalet parametrar som skanningsavståndet, användarvänlighet, tidsåtgång och prestanda. Med dessa parametrar ansågs det finnas tillräckligt med grund för att dra slutsatser om instrumentets fördelar/nackdelar och begränsningar.     Resultatet av punktmolnsjämförelsen från kort avstånd visade avvikelser under 10 mm för att sedan på längre avstånd öka till fåtalet centimetrar. Volymbegränsningen påvisade inget avvikande resultat. Vilket medför att förflyttning av instrumentet inte påverkar resultatet avsevärt. Instrumentets Akilleshäl är de brus som uppstår vid skanning från längre avstånd, då noterades ett brus på ca 30 mm. Men även typ av objekt som skannas påverkar bruset något. Bruset på väggen visade störst avvikelse medan bruset på bordet var lägst. Repeterbarheten visade gott resultat visuellt och hade liknande avvikelser.  Instrumentet har en god förmåga att återskapa objekt då upplösningstestet påvisar bra prestanda. Främsta fördelen med instrumentet är vid dess effektiva dokumentation av mindre objekt, men även lite större utrymmen där mätosäkerhet på centimeternivå krävs. Användarvänligheten är god för instrumentet och de färglagda punktmolnen tar visualiseringen till en ny nivå. Resultatet av studien visar att de handhållna laserskannrarna kan, i vissa fall, utmana den traditionella laserskannern. / Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) have been common in geodetic measurements for over 10 years. The technology is developing rapidly and specialized instruments are launched constantly. One type of these specialized TLS instruments are hand-held laser scanners. They are designed primarily to generate point clouds of spaces and small objects where the traditional tripod mounted laser scanner has difficulties to scan. When the hand-held laser scanners are relatively new, the research on the instruments is limited, and the lack of standardized control methods. With that in mind it is important to study the instruments. In this thesis the hand-held laser scanner FARO Freestyle X was investigated on how well the handheld laser scanning technology really is and what limitations the instruments have. This was done by comparing point clouds from FARO Freestyle X with reference point cloud generated by Leica's multi-station MS50. To study the instrument a number of parameters was investigated such as scanning distance, ease of use, time and performance. These parameters were considered to be sufficient basis for conclusions about the instrument's advantages/disadvantages and limitations. The result of the point cloud comparison from the short distance showed deviations around 10 mm and then increase to few centimeters at longer distances. Volume limitation control showed no differences compared to the scanning from short distance. This means that moving the instrument does not affect the results significantly. The instrument's Achilles' heel is the noise that occurs when scanning from longer distances, about 30 mm deviations. Even the type of object affects the noise. The noise on the wall showed the greatest deviation while the noise on the table indicated the lowest results. The repeatability showed good results visually and had similar deviations. The instrument has a good ability to recreate objects when the resolution test demonstrates good performance. Main advantage of the instrument is its effective documentation of smaller objects, but also some larger areas where the uncertainty of centimeter-level is required. The ease of use can be described as good and the colored point clouds takes visualization to a new level. The results of the study show that the hand-held laser scanners can, potentially, challenge the traditional laser scanner.

The goal of this thesis is to scan part of castle Rokštejn using terrestrial laser scanner and from obtained data draw up a 3D model. Model is made with a method using meshing. In this work I also deal with the software, which supports meshing, and evaluating pros and cons of each program. The output of this work is 3D model which will serve to better representation of the current state of the castle and its better documentation.

The diploma thesis consists of two fundamental parts. The first part is focused on scanning a section of the Admas area by a terrestrial laser scanner. This section describes the introduction to laser scanning, necessary utilities and software, fieldwork, the process from the registration of a point cloud, through point cloud processing to its connection into the S-JTSK. The second part of the thesis is mostly focused on execution of the digital model of the relief from the acquired data. It also deals with the two methods of creating a cross-sectional drawing of the area - one is based on the digital model of the relief and the other on data obtained by the polar method. The outcome of the thesis is to assess the accuracy of the topographical model, based on the comparison with the polar method.

The goal of this thesis is to scan part of the complex research center AdMaS using terrestrial laser scanner, from obtained data draw up a 3D terrain model and compare the height accuracy with conventional terrestrial measurement. The thesis is focused to software, which allow processing of point clouds and prepare the 3D model. The output of this work is the 3D terrain model and two transverse profiles for vertical comparison of two measurement methods.

The main goal of this master thesis is processing a point cloud with respect of possibilities of a registration clouds based on reference objects or on objects in general. This thesis studies transformations to the reference coordinate system S –JTSK. The first part of this thesis describes a theoretical background of the laser scanning and its use. A practical part shows the results and the evaluation of whole research.

A la limite entre le Cameroun et le Nigéria, la région du Faro est une zone d’extraordinaire diversité, tant du point de vue des populations que de la topographie. Pas moins de 13 groupes ethnolinguistiques y sont documentés, qui appartiennent à 3 grands ensembles linguistiques et se répartissent dans la plaine et les montagnes. Les données de la linguistique indiquent que les représentants des langues adamaoua seraient présents dans la plaine de la Bénoué et du Faro depuis environ quatre mille ans. Au niveau de l'ethnohistoire, on sait que les habitants des plaines sous soumis à l’autorité des Foulbé depuis deux siècles. Mais au delà de cette période, de nombreuses zones d'ombre demeurent. L’histoire des populations de cette partie du bassin de la Bénoué avant le 19ème siècle semblait donc hors d’atteinte, car la région du Faro restait vierge du point de vue archéologique. Dans ce travail, j’apporte par le biais d'une approche historique et comparative des éléments susceptible d’expliquer, d’une part la complexité qui caractérise le peuplement du Faro et, d’autre part, la façon dont le peuplement de cette région a évolué au cours du dernier millénaire. Il est également question de faire progresser la réflexion méthodologique, en évaluant la façon dont les modèles obtenus par l’archéologie peuvent être confrontés avec ceux qui se basent sur les traditions orales, les éléments de la culture matérielle actuelle et la linguistique. L’étude des traditions orales a permis de classer par ordre chronologique les éléments historiques importants et d’établir une histoire du peuplement durant ces derniers siècles. Elle confirme qu’il est possible de reconnaître des racines remontant au delà du 19ème siècle à la plupart des groupes qui peuplent encore la région aujourd’hui, ainsi que de nombreuses ruptures dans l’histoire du peuplement du Faro. Contrairement aux travaux antérieurs, la plus importante de ces fractures date du début du 19ème siècle, avec l’occupation des conquérants foulbé, qui ont provoqué l’insécurité généralisée, la division de la région en deux et les plus importantes déportations de populations des plaines vers les montagnes refuges. L’approche archéologique a permis d’établir la première séquence chrono-culturelle du Faro au cours du dernier millénaire. Si la présence d’un peuplement ancien dans la plaine était envisagée, l’étude archéologique apporte la preuve que des communautés humaines vivent dans le Faro depuis environ 1000 ans. A partir du 15ème siècle, des modifications surviennent. Celles-ci se manifestent surtout par l’apparition d’une nouvelle poterie ornée au Blepharis sp. Lorsque l’on compare la carte de distribution des sites associés à cette céramique, au trajet suivi par les Bata, qui remontent le cours du Faro en implantant des villages et à l’aire d’extension des langues tchadiques au Faro, il semble plausible que de nouvelles populations occupent la région vers le milieu du dernier millénaire de notre ère. Pour le 19ème siècle bien documenté par les traditions orales, les données archéologiques viennent renforcer l’idée d’une profonde rupture durant cette période. En abordant l’histoire du peuplement du Faro, il était nécessaire d’examiner le concept de l’ethnicité comme il est classiquement employé dans la région. D’une manière générale, l’étude conforte l’idée qu’il est très difficile d’aborder la profondeur historique des identités des groupes actuels. La confrontation entre les faits des cultures vivantes et les résultats archéologiques a permis d’évaluer les potentialités de raisonnements historique et comparatif. On ne peut que constater, dans cet exemple concret, le grand intérêt qu’il y a à fonder la reconstitution du passé sur de multiples sources.

All companies strive for increased quality and productivity in their operations by streamlining resource use and / or using new technology. This has led them to try to find new technical solutions that can be integrated into production as part of the improvement process, and that can drive the improvement work in the company forward.   The purpose of this study is to identify opportunities for the use of laser projection technology in manufacturing processes and to study whether there may be a potential to use the technology in parallel with the manual activities. The study presents various theories about laser projection technology and identifies important concepts, and it is conducted at Hitachi-ABB in a sheet metal workshop department within their production of transformers. To do this, several interviews and observations have been conducted within their factory in Ludvika, and a company that supplies laser projection products has been contacted to study their products and find a product that fits.   The result has been that the company Faro supplies laser projection technology solutions and has suitable products that can minimize disruption to manual work and can replace a large part of the measurement, etching and quality control that is performed in the Detail area of ​​the sheet metal workshop department. Faro Tracer has not been tested in the workplace, but a comparison has been made between data collected from Hitachi-ABB and the technology supplier Faro. However, further studies must be performed where the technology can be tested on-site. / Alla företag strävar efter ökad kvalitet och produktivitet inom deras verksamheter genom att effektivisera resursanvändning och använda nya teknologier. Detta leder till att företag försöker hitta nya tekniska lösningar som kan göra produktivitet och integrering i produktion som en del av förbättringsprocessen med syfte att driva förbättringsarbetet i företaget.   Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera möjligheter för användning av laserprojiceringsteknik i tillverkningsprocesser, och studera om företaget potentiellt kan använda sig av tekniker och vilka fördelar detta för mig. Studien presenterar en beskrivning och ger en teoretisk grund för laserprojiceringsteknik samt identifierar viktiga begrepp. Arbetet utförs på Hitachi-ABB på plåtverkstadavdelningen som är en del av deras produktion av transformatorer. Under studiet har flera intervjuer och observationer gjort inom fabriken i Ludvika. Ett företag som levererar laserprojiceringsprodukter har blivit kontaktad för att studera deras produkter och hitta en produkt som passar.   Resultatet lyfter fram en produkt från företaget Faro som levererar lösningar för laserprojektionsteknik och har produkter som kan minimera störningar på manuellt arbete och kan ersätta en stor del av mätning, ritsning och kvalitetskontroll som utförs inom plåtverkstadavdelning. Faro Tracer har inte blivit testad på den aktuella arbetsplatsen utan studiet presenterar end detaljerad analys där en jämförelse har gjorts mellan insamlade data från Hitachi-ABB och leverantören av tekniker Faro. Vidare studier behöver utföras där implementering av tekniker kan prövas på plats.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1315748 bytes, checksum: 85c0a383ed0460216a43cd741b1bf046 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The focus of our analysis is on feminine authorship, issues related on women and specific procedures that put closer the Fantastic texts and the feminist theories. After discuss the main concepts of fantastic genre, the research points out the way that androcentric texts has had spread a prejudice image of women in Fantastic Literature and, through a corpus analysis, in what ways the feminine authorship supernatural texts gradually goes again to that way, arguing concepts for the deconstruction of negative stereotype of feminine in Fantastic Literature. Culminating in the analysis of short-stories by three Brazilian writers A casa dos mortos, by Júlia Lopes de Almeida; Emanuel, by Lygia Fagundes Telles and Gertrudes e seu homem, by Augusta Faro Fleury , identified its compositional procedures, topics and characteristics of feminine authorship in the Fantastic Literature, we indeed postulate the existence of a Fantastic Feminine whose purpose is to bring back the value of feminine figure in supernatural Literature in order to redefine its place and, as consequence, to provide more visibility to women writers in the Brazilian fantastic canon. / O nosso objeto de análise apresenta autoria feminina, temas ligados à mulher e procedimentos específicos que aproximam o texto fantástico das teorias feministas. A pesquisa evidencia de que forma o texto fantástico androcêntrico tem veiculado uma imagem preconceituosa da mulher na literatura fantástica, e de que maneira, por meio do corpus em tela, o texto sobrenatural de autoria feminina contrapõe-se a essa postura, relativizando conceitos para a desconstrução dos estereótipos negativos do feminino no âmbito da literatura fantástica. Culminando com a análise dos contos de três autoras brasileiras (A casa dos mortos, de Júlia Lopes de Almeida; Emanuel, de Lygia Fagundes Telles e Gertrudes e seu homem, de Augusta Faro Fleury), depois de identificados os procedimentos que os compõem, os temas e as características da autoria feminina na literatura fantástica, postulamos que existe, de fato, um Fantástico Feminino que serve para resgatar a importância da mulher na literatura de cunho sobrenatural, para redefinir esse espaço, e, consequentemente, para dar maior visibilidade às mulheres escritoras no cânone do fantástico brasileiro.

This diploma thesis is focused on determine the characteristics of accuracy of the terrestrial laser scanner FARO Focus 3D S120. It is validated the recommended distance between the objects (targets and spheres) and the terrestrial scanner. Next it is tested accuracy of the Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z measured by laser scanning with resolution 1/2. At the end it is investigated the accuracy of the area determination in X coordinate gained by the scanning of a smooth slightly curved surface.

The aim of this thesis is to scan the part of the interior and exterior of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication building using the FARO Focus3D X 130 scanner, and the creation of a 3D model in the WGS 84 system. Subsequently, methods, status and utilization research of this technology and point cloud processing software is provided. The collected data are processed in the SCENE. Three-dimensional model is designed using the Pointfuse and Microstation V8i programs. In the end, the registration accuracy of the scans and the resulting 3D model accuracy are evaluated.