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This study explores the provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Services’ Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and its demands to increase disclosure and transparency pertaining to the financial data of foreign account holders who are American citizens and corporations. This study specifically analyzes the cultural and economic impact of FATCA on Caribbean nations.

As an answer to the international tax evasion problem, the U.S. Congress issued the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act – Fatca. This Act aims to promote tax compliance among citizens and U.S. residents holding foreign bank accounts. To this effect, Fatca requires Foreign Financial Institutions to enter into an agreement with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to provide the IRS information about the identity and the status of the bank accounts held by US persons. Entities not willing to enter into an agreement with the IRS will be subject to a 30% withholding on U.S. sourced income regardless of whether the income is tax exempt. The application of this Act in our country brings a lot of concern regarding some issues, such us extraterritoriality, bank secrecy, the application of civil and criminal law. Since the effective date of implementation of Fatca is July 1, 2014, we understand that an official opinion concerning these issues and the possibilityto enter into an Intergovernmental Agreement with the U.S. government will be forthcoming in the following months. / Como respuesta al recurrente problema de evasión fiscal internacional, el Congreso de los Estados Unidos emitió la Ley de CumplimientoTributario de Cuentas Extranjeras (Foreign Acccount Tax Compliance Act, comúnmente conocida por sus siglas Fatca). Dicha ley tiene por objeto promover el cumplimiento tributario de ciudadanos y residentes de Estados Unidos que son titulares de cuentas bancarias en el exterior, dado su sistema fiscal basado en residencia y ciudadanía. A través de Fatca, se invita a las entidades financieras locales a suscribir un acuerdo con la Administración tributaria de Estados Unidos, mediante el cual se comprometan a brindar información acerca de las cuentas cuyos titulares son ciudadanos o residentes de dicho país bajo apercibimiento de sanción. La aplicación de esta norma en nuestro paísgenera muchas preguntas relativas a su naturaleza, su extraterritorialidad, su vulneración del derecho bancario, civil y penal, y demás aristas. Su inminente aplicación, el 1 de julio de 2014, genera un clima de especial interés a la espera de un pronunciamiento oficial de las autoridades locales. Definitivamente, la importancia de Fatca reside en que marca una nueva etapa respecto de los anteriores sistemas de intercambio de información que podría revolucionar la forma de administrar los impuestos.

Implementation of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) goes beyond a technological modification to automate the identification of US clients and report their information to the IRS. FATCA implementation requires foreign financial institutions (FFIs) to learn the new requirements, to modify their organizational structures and their employees’ relationships and responsibilities, and to adjust the technology that helps the employees collect new FATCA-related information and to process that information so that it can be reported to the IRS in the correct format. In spite of that, research on FATCA implementation has focused on studying each constituent separately. However, according to the information systems (IS) body of research and from a systems thinking perspective, the whole (the bank that is complying with FATCA as a system) is more than the sum of its parts (the information, technology, and social structures that it includes). For this reason, this dissertation argues that in order to achieve an effective FATCA implementation and reduce tax evasion activity, FATCA implementation should be studied from an IS perspective. This will assist in appreciating the complexity of FATCA implementation and compliance and will help practitioners to better anticipate future uncertainties. The dissertation uses actor-network theory (ANT), as it is a socio-technical theory, to investigate the implementation of and compliance with FATCA in a Jordanian local bank. Our interpretation revealed a number of problems in the bank’s compliance initiative; among them were the issues of overlooking technology, information, and the bank’s customers as actors with interests of their own. Accordingly, we provide eight propositions that can enhance the effectiveness of FATCA compliance. Tax-evasion has been shown in the literature to be a predicate crime involving money laundering (ML), i.e., a crime that generates proceeds that need to be treated in secretive ways so that they can be falsely legitimized. We argue in this dissertation that the findings of our case study could provide lessons for the anti-money-laundering (AML) domain in relation to its structurally coupled domain of ML. Thus, we presented some lessons that can be tested in the ML/AML domains.

I denna framställning redogörs för den nya amerikanska skattelagstiftningen Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). Lagen syftar till att motverka skatteflykt och underlätta för den amerikanska skattemyndigheten IRS att beskatta utländska finansiella tillgångar. FATCA förmår utländska finansiella institut världen över att regelbundet rapportera information till IRS om deras amerikanska kontohavare och ägare. Den globala implementeringen av FATCA har kritiserats av finansinstitut och regeringar runt om i världen eftersom FATCA är en lag med extraterritoriell verkan. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att utreda hur FATCA påverkar svenska finansiella institut. De frågor som föranleder min framställning lyder huruvida FATCA är förenlig med folkrättsliga regler för extraterritoriell jurisdiktion samt om FATCA strider mot den rådande banksekretessen i Sverige. FATCA:s extraterritoriella tillämpning innebär att svenska finansiella institut ställs inför en utmaning när de ska efterleva FATCA på ett korrekt vis utan att samtidigt bryta mot svenska regler om banksekretess. Det resultat jag kommit fram till är att FATCA strider mot flera folkrättsliga principer, däribland territorialitetsprincipen, den personella suveräniteten och politisk suveränitet. Vidare strider FATCA även mot den svenska banksekretessen eftersom ett svenskt finansiellt institut inte kan upprätthålla en betryggande sekretess gentemot sina kunder om de väljer att sluta ett avtal om informationsutlämnande med IRS. Finansiella institut i Sverige får inte lämna ut inhämtade uppgifter till en myndighet i utlandet. Ett informationsutlämnande ska ske genom en svensk myndighet eftersom avvikelser från sekretessbestämmelsen endast bör göras i fall som kan godtas av den svenska rättsordningen. Den svenska finansbranschen väntar på att den svenska regeringen ska ingå ett bilateralt avtal med USA som tillåter finansiella institut att rapportera information, som bestämmelserna enligt FATCA kräver, direkt till Skatteverket. Målsättningen med ett sådant avtal är att förenkla implementeringen av FATCA och undvika lokala legala problem. Avtalet tillåter Sverige att använda ett lokalt angreppsätt för regelefterlevnad och sänker kostnader som kommer att uppstå när FATCA nu ska tillämpas av finansinstitut i Sverige och över hela världen.

Le Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act est une réglementation américaine issue du Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act adopté par le 111e Congrès américain le 18 mars 2010. Cette réglementation instaure un système de communication automatique d’informations financières à des fins fiscales adossé à un mécanisme de retenue à la source d’un montant de 30% sur des paiements de source américaine faits à des institutions financières étrangères ou à certaines entités non-financières étrangères qui ne respecteraient pas les obligations de déclaration mise en place. La résonance de la loi FATCA est globale et la réglementation touche aussi bien les personnes américaines que les bénéficiaires étrangers et notamment les banques ainsi que les fonds d’investissement. La finalité de la réglementation n’est toutefois pas de permettre à l’Internal Revenue Service (administration fiscale américaine) de collecter la retenue à la source de 30% mais de contraindre les entités étrangères, sur lesquelles il n’a aucune juridiction, à transmettre les informations nécessaires à l’identification des détenteurs de comptes américains. Résolument bilatéral, la loi FATCA a ouvert la voie à une nouvelle forme de lutte contre l’évasion et la fraude fiscales vers les centres financiers offshore et fût émulée rapidement par l’OCDE lequel a institué son propre standard, la Norme commune de déclaration, s’inscrivant dans une logique multilatérale. Pourtant, le risque résulte de l’interaction de ces deux instruments, faisant notamment des États-Unis un véritable trou noir dans un réseau international de coopération administrative fiscale pour les contribuables non-résidents sur le territoire américain / The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act is an American law spawned by the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act enacted by the 111th Congress of the United-States on March 18th, 2010. FATCA imposes a system of automatic information reporting, seconded by a 30% rate withholding tax on US source payments made to foreign financial institutions and some identified non-financial foreign entities that do not comply with the reporting obligation. FATCA has developed a worldwide resonance and affects US persons as well as foreign payee and especially foreign banks and investment funds. The purpose of FATCA is not however to allow the IRS to collect the 30% withholding tax but rather to force foreign entities, over which the IRS does not have jurisdiction, to comply with their reporting information and allow for the IRS to obtain the required documentation regarding their US account owners.Fundamentally bilateral, FATCA’s regime has paved the way towards a new system of control of international tax fraud and evasion towards offshore tax havens and was quickly emulated by the OECD which created its own system, fundamentally multilateral: the Common Reporting Standard. However, it’s the interaction between the two systems that creates an unfortunate outcome, turning, for non-US taxpayers, the United-States into a black hole in the global transparency network created by the countries in an effort to fend off tax evasion

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deia Virginia Tidei Holzmann.pdf: 908027 bytes, checksum: 7c5dac144c97c3c30b6f9d918e675b21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / In light of the globalization we are facing a new reality of global interconnections which act as a central power transforming the international judicial relationships. Some countries have enacted regulations with extraterritorial effects as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which establishes the sharing of information protected by bank secrecy which constitutes fundamental rights pursuant to the terms of the Brazilian Constitution. The proposal of the present work is to conduct an analysis of the Brazilian judicial system vis a vis the obligations established by the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) in order to explore possible conflicts between the American regulation and the Brazilian laws with emphasis in the review of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution. In the present work the topics covered are related to the historic and conceptual evolution of the bank secrecy and its insertion in the Brazilian law, the concept of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and brief analysis of the Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement (IGA) executed between Brazil and the United States of America, considerations on individual rights and guarantees protected by the Brazilian regulation and conclusion about the treatment of bank secrecy in Brazil / Em face da globalização nos vemos diante de uma nova realidade de interconexões globais que atuam como força motriz transformadora das relações jurídicas internacionais. Alguns países têm promulgado regulamentações com alcance extraterritorial, como no caso do Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), que determina o compartilhamento de informações protegidas por sigilo bancário que constituem direito fundamental nos termos da Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988. A proposta do presente trabalho é realizar uma análise do sistema jurídico brasileiro vis-à-vis as obrigações estabelecidas pelo Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) de forma a abordar possíveis confrontos entre esta regulamentação americana e as leis brasileiras, com ênfase na análise dos direitos fundamentais assegurados pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Na presente dissertação são abordados temas referentes a evolução histórica e conceitual do sigilo bancário e sua inserção no direito brasileiro, conceituação jurídica do Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) e breve análise do Acordo de Cooperação Intergovernamental (IGA) firmado entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos da América, considerações acerca os direitos e garantias individuais tutelados pela regulamentação brasileira e conclusão acerca do tratamento do sigilo bancário no Brasil

This thesis deals with the Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information between the Czech Republic and the United States of America for tax purposes commonly known as FATCA - Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. At first, the Thesis describes the basics of international information exchange and then Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information FATCA in relation to the impact on Czech Republic. More detailed is discussed legislation - Dohoda FATCA and Lex FATCA, which became part of Czech Legal System in 2014. Aim of the Thesis is the analysis of the implementation process of Dohoda FATCA and the following legislative documents in first years of its validity, and therefore is in the next part the organizational integration of FATCA in Financial Administration of the Czech Republic discussed. Last part analyses the identified issues of implementation and proposes its solution. In context of current development in area of international information exchange of financial accounts, there is also connection to common standard, OECD - Common reporting standard, mentioned.

Tax evasion has been happening for decades, but after the highly publicized cases with two foreign banks, LGT and UBS, the United States (US) is cracking down on tax evaders. The latest addition to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)’s repertoire of enforcement tools is the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, otherwise known as FATCA. The Act was enacted to incentivize tax information release by foreign financial institutions (FFIs) who would otherwise face a 30% withholding tax on any US source income. The question was whether or not the design of the Act and its implementation successfully met this goal. This paper explores the history leading up to FATCA’s creation, beginning from the basic data underlying tax evasion. With the US losing approximately $100 billion a year of tax revenue, the IRS is keen on reducing the money flow out of the US. It will dig deeper into the facts of the LGT and UBS cases which led to Congress’s realization that their other enforcement mechanisms were not sufficient and describe FATCA’s unintended impact. Through researching articles on the predicted impact of FATCA, surveys of FFIs, testimonials from US citizens, this paper will explain how FATCA has unfortunately detrimentally impacted FFIs and US citizens living abroad.

This Diploma thesis focuses on the alignment of regulatory processes to support corporate performance management in the selected retail company. The main objective is the preparation of process maps that serve as a basis for the implementation of a global standard for automatic exchange of financial account information, developed by the OECD, also called as Common Reporting Standard. Additionally, the partial objectives include analysis of existing forms of content-related processes, creating a methodological support to the created processes and the theoretical concepts of regulatory requirements. The theoretical part focuses on the introduction of concepts related to the corporate management performance and also on theory about specific regulatory regulation used. In the practical part is an analysis of the company through the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), followed by the actual design and process description. The main contribution of the Diploma thesis was to perform process optimization, along with some improvements during the creation of these processes. The company will use the outcomes in practice.