O presente estudo propõe-se responder à questão de investigação: como podemos abordar conceitos de geometria plana com estudantes de sexto ano por meio de confecção de objetos manipulativos digitais e não-digitais, permitindo que estes se reconheçam como fabricantes de seu próprio conhecimento? A pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de atividade em que estudantes foram convidados a serem fabricantes de seu próprio conhecimento, mais especificamente de conhecimentos de geometria plana. Por meio da confecção e manipulação de objetos digitais e não-digitais, os estudantes transformaram a sala de aula em uma Fábrica de Matemática. O estudo foi desenvolvido durante o ano de 2016, com uma turma de sexto ano de uma escola municipal de Sapucaia do Sul, no horário regular de aula. Apoiada na teoria do construcionismo de Seymour Papert, na pedagogia da autonomia de Paulo Freire e na aprendizagem cooperativa e por equipes de Jean Piaget, e utilizando o estudo de caso como metodologia, o presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência de abordagem de conceitos de geometria plana – área, perímetro, paralelismo e perpendicularismo, entre outros – que permitiu o reconhecimento, por parte dos estudantes, da possibilidade de se tornarem agentes ativos na construção dos seus conhecimentos. Além disso, percebeu-se quanto aos resultados, que quando lhes são oferecidas diferentes oportunidades para aprendizagem, os estudantes podem se tornar sujeitos críticos, autônomos e produtores de conhecimento. / The present study proposes to answer the research question: how can we approach concepts of flat geometry with sixth-year students by making digital and non-digital manipulative objects, allowing them to recognize themselves as manufacturers of their own knowledge? The research presents a proposal of activity in which students were invited to be manufacturers of their own knowledge, more specifically of knowledge of flat geometry. Through the making and manipulation of digital and non-digital objects, students transformed the classroom into a Mathematics Factory. The study was developed during 2016, with a sixth grade class from a municipal school in Sapucaia do Sul, at regular school hours. Based on the construction theory of Seymour Papert, Paulo Freire 's pedagogy of autonomy and cooperative and team learning by Jean Piaget, and using the case study as methodology, the present work presents an experience of approaching concepts of flat geometry - area, perimeter, parallelism and perpendicularism, among others - that allowed the students to recognize the possibility of becoming active agents in the construction of their knowledge. In addition, it was perceived as to the results, that when they are offered different opportunities for learning, students can become critical, autonomous subjects and producers of knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Costa Cavalcante Abreu.pdf: 1802127 bytes, checksum: 0d8171e3cee52c515efe082c86f8a1a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / The flat design is the biggest tendency of the graphic design on the beginning of this century, but it s concepts and characteristics are not completely consolidated. Thinking about that fact, this research looks to find the creation of a landscape about this esthetic utilizing the perception of the major websites of Brazil, in the light of the great design portals of the internet and Google and Youtube research tools. This paper lead us to an understanding that flat design receives a large acceptance and major arguments on the internet, but it also brings the image of an esthetic that still in development, with variations and largely misunderstood on its conceptual foundations, that brings to a straight analysis of its symbolic roots and social impact / O flat design é a maior tendência no design gráfico do começo deste século, mas seus conceitos e características ainda não estão completamente consolidados. Pensando nisso, buscamos traçar um panorama sobre essa estética segundo a percepção dos principais websites na internet brasileira. Para tal, utilizamos como base de dados os maiores sites com conteúdo majoritariamente voltado para o design gráfico e as ferramentas de busca do Google e Youtube. A pesquisa nos levou a entender que o flat design possui larga aceitação e amplo debate na internet, mas nos trouxe a imagem de uma estética ainda em desenvolvimento, com variações e más interpretações por parte de seus alicerces conceituais, o que carece de uma análise mais concisa sobre sua raiz simbólica e seu impacto social

This diploma thesis aims to design a project documentation for a realization of a newbuild hotel. The building is in Sigord recreation ground, near Kokosovce village in Slovakia. The object is a detached building with three storeys and a partial basement. An entrance hall, offices, bar and a restaurant are situated on the ground floor. The hotel is on the first and the second floors. Foundations of the building are made of jamb blocks and a reinforced concrete beam foundation. Construction system is skeletal, consisting of concrete poles and reinforced concrete beams, filling and vertical constructions are made of Ytong aerated concrete blocks. Horizontal constructions are made from Spiroll precast panels, with reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is finished off with a single ply roof with a standard order of layers.

In this dissertation, I develop a framework to study the effects of tax-deferred saving accounts on the aggregate economy. I incorporate tax-deferred saving accounts in a theoretical model of household's life-cycle decisions, which is then linked to the real world data by calibration. I study the effects of tax-deferred saving accounts on the aggregate savings and the aggregate output, and further analyze their impacts of different policy changes. In the first chapter, I present the important features of tax-deferred saving accounts in the U.S. and their institutional changes over time. I highlight the differences between IRA and 401(k) on their contribution limits and household's eligibility. While IRA has a lower contribution limit and is available to all households, 401(k) has a much higher contribution limit but is only accessible by a fraction of households. In the second chapter, I present an overlapping-generations model to capture the effects of tax-deferred saving accounts in a general equilibrium framework. There are four key aspects to the model: first, households can save in both ordinary saving account and tax-deferred saving account. Second, there is a nonlinear progressive income tax system. Third, households are heterogeneous in their labor productivity and 401(k) eligibility. Fourth, households decide consumption, savings and labor supply endogenously. The model is calibrated to the US economy in 2000, with the distribution of 401(k) eligibility being an endogenous outcome that matches the data reported in Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) in 2001. In the third chapter, I study the quantitative effects of tax-deferred saving accounts on the aggregate economy and investigate their policy implications. Specifically, I estimate the macroeconomic impacts of eliminating tax-deferred saving accounts from the economy. To highlight the role played by the heterogeneity of 401(k) eligibility, I conduct a quantitative exercise that provide universal 401(k) eligibility to all households. In these experiments, I maintain government revenue neutrality by introducing a new proportional income tax (subsidy) that has the same effects as a upward (downward) shift of all marginal tax rates in the US income tax schedule. Since the institutional settings of tax-deferred saving accounts essentially provide consumption tax treatments on households retirement savings, I further explore the implications of tax-deferred saving accounts for a proportional consumption tax reform. Results from this study indicate that tax-deferred saving accounts have significant impacts on the aggregate economy and demonstrate that these accounts substantially reduce the impacts of a consumption tax reform.

Characterizing a manifold up to isometry is a challenging task. A manifold is a topological space. One may equip a manifold with a metric, and generally speaking, this metric determines how the manifold “looks". An example of this would be the unit sphere in R3. While we typically envision the standard metric on this sphere to give it its familiar shape, one could define a different metric on this set of points, distorting distances within this set to make it seem perhaps more ellipsoidal, something not isometric to the standard round sphere. In an effort to distinguish manifolds up to isometry, we wish to compute meaningful invariants. For example, the Riemann curvature tensor and its surrogates are examples of invariants one could construct. Since these objects are generally too complicated to compare and are not real valued, we construct scalar invariants from these objects instead. This thesis will explore these invariants and exhibit a special family of manifolds that are not flat on which all of these invariants vanish. We will go on to properly define, and gives examples of, manifolds, metrics, tangent vector fields, and connections. We will show how to compute the Christoffel symbols that define the Levi-Civita connection, how to compute curvature, and how to raise and lower indices so that we can produce scalar invariants. In order to construct the curvature operator and curvature tensor, we use the miracle of pseudo-Riemannian geometry, i.e., the Levi-Civita connection, the unique torsion free and metric compatible connection on a manifold. Finally, we examine Generalized Plane Wave Manifolds, and show that all scalar invariants of Weyl type on these manifolds vanish, despite the fact that many of these manifolds are not flat.

Segregation patterns of several pod shapes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Tendercrop, were studied. The causes of build-up of off-type pods in a seed stock were examined as were possible means of reversing the buildup. Natural selection factors such as germination, vigor, earliness , and ease of threshing, favored the off-types. Careful, selective milling was found to be an aid to roguing in keeping stock seed as free as possible of the off-type pods.

Energy analysts believe that traditional economics and energy markets undervalue the only absolutely limited resource, energy. They have produced methods to supplement or supercede economics. However, theoretical underpinnings of these methods include an energy theory of value which is shown to be too narrow to support workable economic models or numeraires. Sample rankings of recreational values on four Utah reservoirs, using energy analysis and economic methods, show that the two methods yield opposite rankings.

Area used by male and female Phrynosoma mcallii (Hallowell) was studied in a population locted on the Barry M. Goldwater Aerial Gunnery Range near Yuma, Arizona. Area used by males and females shifted through time and did not fit the definition of home range. Summer male and female area used was not significantly different (F=2.625, df=1, P=0.131), but male areas used were significantly larger for 15-day time periods (F=9.67, P=0.0003). Males overlapped the area they occupied in consecutive 15-day time periods more often than did females. Female area used never overlapped within a 15-day time period. Male area used overlapped those of other males and females within a 15-day time period.

Vid framställningen av papper för tryckindustrin som använder rullat papper används olika typer av kartonghylsor. Hylsans uppgift är att bära papperet från pappersbruket till kunden. Vidare är det hylsan som ligger till grund för att papperet skall vara körbart och rullbart i tryckpressen. På bruken och tryckerierna utsätts hylsorna för stora påfrestningar vilket gör att hylskvaliteten är av största vikt. I detta examensarbete har ett antal hylskvaliteter avsedda för pappersindustrin utretts. Utredningen omfattades av att undersöka vilka variationer som existerade i dimension, styrka och fukt hos vissa utvalda hylskvaliteter. Syftet var att påvisa den faktiska kvaliteten hos dessa hylsor och utreda om kraven som finns anvisade för dessa uppfylldes. Vidare mål var att kartlägga existerande lagringsklimat vid pappersbruket som använder hylsorna för att fastställa om förhållandena är acceptabla.

The objective of this study was the development of a procedure in GT STRUDL to design reinforced concrete flat plate systems based on the results of finite element analysis. The current state-of-practice of reinforced concrete flat plate design was reviewed, including the ACI direct design and equivalent frame techniques, the yield line method, and the strip design method. The principles of these methods along with a critical evaluation of their applicability and limitations were presented as motivation for a finite element based design procedure. Additionally, the current state-of-the-art of flat plate design based on finite element results was presented, along with various flat plate modeling techniques. Design methodologies studied included the Wood and Armer approach, based on element stress resultants, and the resultant force approach, based on element forces. A flat plate design procedure based on the element force approach was embodied in the DESIGN SLAB command, which was implemented in GT STRUDL. The DESIGN SLAB command provides the user the ability to design a slab section by specifying a cut definition and several optional design parameters. The procedure determines all nodes and elements along the cut, computes the resultant moment design envelope acting on the cross-section, and designs the slab for flexure in accordance with provisions of ACI 318-02. Design examples presented include single-panel flat plate systems with various support conditions as well as multi-panel systems with regular and irregular column spacing. These examples allowed for critical comparison with results from experimental studies and currently applied design methods in order to determine the applicability of the implemented procedure. The DESIGN SLAB command was shown to produce design moments in agreement with experimental data as well as conventional design techniques for regular configurations. The examples additionally showed that when cuts were not oriented orthogonally to the directions of principle bending, resulting designs based on element forces could significantly under-reinforce the cross-section due to significant torsional effects.