Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 baldini_ed_me_botfmvz.pdf: 2132486 bytes, checksum: e9ccc1aef4d980ac1ceacde9c8251558 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo constatar “in loco” a situação estrutural e higiênico sanitária de 44 estabelecimentos alimentícios (bares e lanchonetes, mini-mercados, padarias, restaurantes) da cidade de Botucatu, levantando, através dos dados obtidos, quais são os setores que oferecem maior risco à saúde pública. Foi aplicado um questionário chamado de diagnóstico tecnológico em cada um deles, o qual continha 144 questões divididas em cinco itens, sendo eles: Item 1 - Edificação e Instalações, Item 2 - Equipamentos, Móveis e Utensílios, Item 3 - Funcionários, Item 4 - Fluxo de Produção, Item 5 - Sistema da Garantia da Qualidade. Os dados obtidos permitiram que se cumprisse o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: a) Qual setor (Bares e Lanchonetes, Mini-Mercados, Restaurantes e Padarias) obteve pior desempenho comparativamente aos outros em cada questão? b)Qual dos itens obteve o pior resultado geral? c) Qual o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades? d) Qual item é mais problemático em cada setor? Os dados analisados demonstraram que: houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre o desempenho de cada setor por questão, em 14 oportunidades, sendo o Setor Padarias o de pior resultado; quanto aos itens, o de pior desempenho geral foi o Item 5 – Sistema da Garantia da Qualidade, com 61% de não conformidade; o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades foi o Setor Padarias, com 48 em 144 possibilidades (33%); destacaram-se negativamente perante os itens: o Setor Padarias no Item 1, o Setor Restaurantes no Item 2, o setor Mini-Mercados no Item 3 e o Setor Bares e Lanchonetes nos Itens 4 e 5. / The present work had as objective to evidence “in loco” the structural situation and hygienic sanitary of 44 feed establishments (bar and snack bars, mini-markets, bakeries, restaurants) of the city of Botucatu, raising, through the obtained data, which are the sectors that offer to greater risk to public health. We administered a questionnaire called the diagnostic technology in each, which contained 144 questions divided into five items, which were: Item 1 - Building and Facilities, Item 2 - Equipment, Furniture and instrument, Item 3 - Staff, Item 4 - Flow Production, Item 5 - System of Quality Assurance. The data obtained have to satisfy the goal of answering the following questions: a) What sector (Bars and Snack Bars, Mini Markets, Restaurants and Bakeries) had worse performance compared to others in every question? b) Which of the items received the worst overall outcome? c) What is the sector that presented greater number of non-conformities? d) What item is most problematic in each sector? The data analyzed showed that there was statistical difference (p<0,05) between the performance of each sector by question, in 14 opportunities, and the Bakeries Sector in the worst results; while for items, the overall performance was worse in the Item 5 - System of Quality Assurance, with 61% of non-compliance; the sector that presented greater number of noncompliance was the Bakeries Sector, with 48 in 144 chances (33%); stood out negatively to the items: the Bakeries Sector in Item 1, the Restaurant Sector in Item 2, the Mini Markets Sector in Item 3 and Bars and Snack Bars Sector in the Items 4 and 5.

The Federal Aviation Administration proposed a new concept for measuring airport pavement condition that consolidates measures of Foreign Object Damage (FOD), skid resistance, and smoothness into a single number. This research verified that FOD, skid resistance, and smoothness are necessary and sufficient to completely describe airport pavement serviceability and proposed a mathematical framework to reduce these properties to a single number describing the serviceability of the pavement. Serviceability was defined as “meeting the expectations of the user.” An extensive review of standards, regulations, and research indicated these components are each an expectation of the various types of airport pavement user. This review did not identify any other user expectations, indicating that these are the only components to airport pavement serviceability and thus are both necessary and sufficient. The research developed a framework called Serviceability Level (SL) to combine the components into a single index based on the probability of the pavement being FOD-free, skid resistant, and smooth. The framework allows measuring and forecasting each component separately, which should improve the accuracy of pavement management models and result in more efficient use of limited infrastructure resources. The probabilistic nature of SL gives it a real-world meaning and allows integration of pavement condition into risk management systems and general airport asset management systems.

Le KRN 7000 a une action antitumorale due à la stimulation du système immunitaire. Il agit sur les maladies auto-immunes, les infections bactériennes et parasitaires. Il est donc capital d’avoir des analogues plus sélectifs. Le but de cette thèse est de former des analogues originaux contraints de céramides précurseurs de dérivés du KRN 7000, en bloquant la conformation entre les chaînes grasses pour moduler la réponse immunitaire Th1 ou Th2. La stratégie de synthèse utilise une réaction d’hétérocycloaddition [4+2] entre une Nvinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one chirale et un hétérodiène munis tous deux d’une chaîne grasse. Dans tous les cas, avec l’Eu(fod)3 le cycloadduit formé majoritairement est l’endo alpha alors qu’avec SnCl4, c’est l’endo Bêta. Divers analogues de céramides ont été préparés via un enchaînement de réactions : hydroboration/oxydation, élimination de la copule chirale, obtention de la lactone puis du lactame. Une glycosylation finale permettra d’accéder aux analogues galactosylés. / KRN7000 anti-tumor activity is due to immune system stimulation. It acts on autoimmunes diseases, bacterial and parasitic infections. Hence is needed the development of more selective analogues. The aim of this thesis is to form original constrained analogues of ceramides, KRN7000 derivatives precursors in restraining the conformation between the fatty chains to modulate the immune response Th1 or Th2. The synthetic approach is based on a heterocycloaddition [4+2] reaction between a chiral N-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one and a heterodiene, both bearing one fatty chain. In all cases, the major formed cycloadduct is endo with Eu(fod)3 whereas with SnCl4, it is endo . Various analogues of ceramides have been prepared via a reactions cascade: hydroboration/oxidation, chiral auxillary removal, formation of the desired lactone then lactame. A final glycosylation will allow having access to galactosyl analogues.

Le KRN 7000 a une action antitumorale due à la stimulation du système immunitaire. Il agit sur les maladies auto-immunes, les infections bactériennes et parasitaires. Il est donc capital d'avoir des analogues plus sélectifs. Le but de cette thèse est de former des analogues originaux contraints de céramides précurseurs de dérivés du KRN 7000, en bloquant la conformation entre les chaînes grasses pour moduler la réponse immunitaire Th1 ou Th2. La stratégie de synthèse utilise une réaction d'hétérocycloaddition [4+2] entre une Nvinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one chirale et un hétérodiène munis tous deux d'une chaîne grasse. Dans tous les cas, avec l'Eu(fod)3 le cycloadduit formé majoritairement est l'endo alpha alors qu'avec SnCl4, c'est l'endo Bêta. Divers analogues de céramides ont été préparés via un enchaînement de réactions : hydroboration/oxydation, élimination de la copule chirale, obtention de la lactone puis du lactame. Une glycosylation finale permettra d'accéder aux analogues galactosylés.

Lors de ces travaux de thèse effectués en co-tutelle, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fois : <br />(i) à de nouvelles approches synthétiques de macrolactones hydroxylées à 10 chaînons via deux étapes clés de formation d'un hétéroadduit bicyclique et d'ouverture oxydante de ce bicycle.<br />(ii) à la glycosidation de 9-décanolides naturels par une méthodologie utilisant un réactif à iode hypervalent sous une forme immobilisable.<br />Le travail de synthèse multi-étapes a nécessité une étude de la réactivité, en hétérocycloaddition [4+2] à demande électronique inverse, de nouveaux hétérodiènes visant à favoriser une configuration endo des adduits bicycliques obtenus. Ceux-ci ont alors montré des réactivités particulières pouvant conduire à une certaine diversité structurale. Nous avons également développé un nouveau diénophile chiral issu de la cyclohexanone porteur d'une copule oxazolidinone. L'hétérocycloaddition catalysée par l'Eu(fod)3 de ce diénophile avec des arylidènepyruvates de méthyle, s'opère avec un double stéréocontrôle endo et facial excellent et de très bons rendements. Ces résultats ont ensuite pu être mis en application lors de l'accès à des cibles macrolactoniques à 10 chaînons d'origine naturelle (décarestrictines et herbarumines). <br /> Dans une seconde partie, nous avons mis au point la synthèse de nouveaux réactifs à base d'iode hypervalent fonctionnalisés par un groupement sulfonate d'iso-butyle. Nous avons montré que ce groupement permettait l'immobilisation des réactifs iodés hypervalents et surtout de leurs produits d'évolution. L'utilisation d'une résine échangeuse d'ion fonctionnalisée par un azoture permet en effet cette immobilisation via une substitution nucléophile du groupement sulfonate. Nous avons ainsi préparé quatre iodanes (III) à ancre sulfonate originaux et avons testé ces réactifs dans diverses réactions parmi lesquelles l'ouverture oxydante de bicycles, et la O-glycosidation d'alcools polyfonctionnels. Cette dernière nous a permis d'obtenir des structures hybrides décarestrictine-sucre de façon rapide et en limitant les étapes de purification en utilisant la méthodologie précédemment mise au point.

Orientador: Germano Francisco Biondi / Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior / Banca: José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo constatar "in loco" a situação estrutural e higiênico sanitária de 44 estabelecimentos alimentícios (bares e lanchonetes, mini-mercados, padarias, restaurantes) da cidade de Botucatu, levantando, através dos dados obtidos, quais são os setores que oferecem maior risco à saúde pública. Foi aplicado um questionário chamado de diagnóstico tecnológico em cada um deles, o qual continha 144 questões divididas em cinco itens, sendo eles: Item 1 - Edificação e Instalações, Item 2 - Equipamentos, Móveis e Utensílios, Item 3 - Funcionários, Item 4 - Fluxo de Produção, Item 5 - Sistema da Garantia da Qualidade. Os dados obtidos permitiram que se cumprisse o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: a) Qual setor (Bares e Lanchonetes, Mini-Mercados, Restaurantes e Padarias) obteve pior desempenho comparativamente aos outros em cada questão? b)Qual dos itens obteve o pior resultado geral? c) Qual o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades? d) Qual item é mais problemático em cada setor? Os dados analisados demonstraram que: houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre o desempenho de cada setor por questão, em 14 oportunidades, sendo o Setor Padarias o de pior resultado; quanto aos itens, o de pior desempenho geral foi o Item 5 - Sistema da Garantia da Qualidade, com 61% de não conformidade; o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades foi o Setor Padarias, com 48 em 144 possibilidades (33%); destacaram-se negativamente perante os itens: o Setor Padarias no Item 1, o Setor Restaurantes no Item 2, o setor Mini-Mercados no Item 3 e o Setor Bares e Lanchonetes nos Itens 4 e 5. / Abstract: The present work had as objective to evidence "in loco" the structural situation and hygienic sanitary of 44 feed establishments (bar and snack bars, mini-markets, bakeries, restaurants) of the city of Botucatu, raising, through the obtained data, which are the sectors that offer to greater risk to public health. We administered a questionnaire called the diagnostic technology in each, which contained 144 questions divided into five items, which were: Item 1 - Building and Facilities, Item 2 - Equipment, Furniture and instrument, Item 3 - Staff, Item 4 - Flow Production, Item 5 - System of Quality Assurance. The data obtained have to satisfy the goal of answering the following questions: a) What sector (Bars and Snack Bars, Mini Markets, Restaurants and Bakeries) had worse performance compared to others in every question? b) Which of the items received the worst overall outcome? c) What is the sector that presented greater number of non-conformities? d) What item is most problematic in each sector? The data analyzed showed that there was statistical difference (p<0,05) between the performance of each sector by question, in 14 opportunities, and the Bakeries Sector in the worst results; while for items, the overall performance was worse in the Item 5 - System of Quality Assurance, with 61% of non-compliance; the sector that presented greater number of noncompliance was the Bakeries Sector, with 48 in 144 chances (33%); stood out negatively to the items: the Bakeries Sector in Item 1, the Restaurant Sector in Item 2, the Mini Markets Sector in Item 3 and Bars and Snack Bars Sector in the Items 4 and 5. / Mestre

Foreign object damage (FOD) refers to the damage that generally takes place in aero engine fans and compressor blades, due to the ingestion of hard particles/debris during aeroplane take-off, taxiing, or landing. Such damage can reduce the fatigue life expectancy of the turbine engine components by 50%. Residual stresses and small microcracks induced by the high speed FOD impacts are two root causes that result in premature failure of these components. One way to mitigate the FOD related fatigue failure is to induce deep compressive residual stress into the surface. Among the available techniques that can induce such compressive residual stress, laser shock peening (LSP) has been found to be beneficial in improving the fatigue strength. In this study aerofoil-shaped Ti-6Al-4V leading edge specimens were laser shock peened. Subsequently, FOD was introduced onto the leading edge specimen through ballistic impacts of a cube edge at angles of 0° and 45° to the leading edge. The effect of foreign object damage (FOD) on the pre-existing compressive residual stress field associated with the laser shock peening (LSP), and its change upon solely low cycle fatigue (LCF) as well as combined low and high cycle fatigue cycling has been studied. The residual stress distribution and their redistribution upon fatigue cycling were mapped around the FOD notch, using synchrotron X-ray radiation and the contour method. The results suggest that under both impact angles, the FOD event superimposed a significant additional residual stress on top of the pre-existing stress associated with the LSP process. It has been observed that the FOD notch created by 45° impact was asymmetric in shape, and had differential notch depth between the entry and exit side. However, FOD damage that is created at 0° impact appeared as a sharp V notch. A higher amount of residual stresses were produced under 0° impact condition than at 45°. It has been found even though the FOD induced residual stresses relax, residual stresses due to LSP treatment remain highly stable even in the worst condition where a 7 mm long crack was grown from a 45° notch. The plastic zone sizes ahead of a crack tip was estimated for both 0° and 45° FOD impact, and the fatigue crack growth rates are predicted utilizing the measured residual stress distribution.

Formål: Formålet med studiet er at undersøge hvordan løb med en dagligdagsprotese og en løbespecifikprotese påvirker kinetik i nedre ekstremiteter hos mennesker med en transtibial-amputation.   Metode: Kinetisk data blev indsamlet ved løbetests, med begge proteser, med et motion capture system og kraftplader i et klinisk ganganalyse lab i Göteborg, Sverige. Deltagere(n=2) udførte løbetests i selvvalgt hastighed, iført refleksive markører. Vertikal GRF, fod progressions vinkel, adducerende/abducerende hofte- og knæmoment udvalgt til videre databehandling.   Resultat: Forskelle i hofte- og knæ adduktions moment og fod progressions vinkel blev observeret mellem de to protesetyper. Momenterne var mindre, når deltagerne løb med den løbespecifikke protese. Forskelle på den amputerede side og den kontralaterale side noteredes ved alle parametre uanset protesetype. Den kontralaterale side havde forøgede værdier sammenlignet med den amputerede side.   Konklusion: Grundet forsøgets størrelse kan vi ikke konkludere, at individer med unilateral amputation i nedre ekstremitet absorberer belastning bedre, når de løber med en løbespecifikprotese fremfor en dagligdagsprotese. / Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how running with a daily-use prosthesis and a running specific prosthesis affects kinetics in the lower extremities when it comes to people with a transtibial amputation.   Method: Kinetic data was collected through running tests, using both type of prosthesis, with a motion capture system and force plates in a clinical gait lab in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants (n=2) executed the running tests in a self-selected speed, while wearing reflective markers. Vertical ground reaction force, foot progression angle, hip- and knee moment were selected for data processing.   Results: Differences in hip- and knee adduction moment and foot progression angle were observed between the two types of prostheses. Moments were smaller when participants ran with running-specific prosthesis. Dissimilarity for the amputated side and the contralateral side were noted for all parameters regardless of type of prosthesis. The contralateral side had increased values compared to the amputated side.     Conclusion: Because of the sample size we cannot conclude that individuals with a unilateral lower body amputation absorb load more efficiently when running with a running-specific prosthesis rather than a daily-use prosthesis.

This thesis deals with the design and realization of wireless power charging circuit for embedded systems. The research section focuses on the various ways and technologies used in applications of wireless power transfer. The theoretical part also briefly characterizes resonant inductive coupling and critical parameters of the transfer. This is followed by realization of various variants of transfer coils and electromagnetic oscillators. Wireless power charging prototype system is created and used for testing purposes to find optimal configuration of resonator. The hardware unit presented in the final part of the thesis exploits microcontroller and implemented software is extended by foreign object detection algorithm along with method to monitor battery charging state.

No description available.