The goal of this thesis is to give an exposition of the following recent result of Freeman, Lennard, Odell, Turett and Randrianantoanina. A Banach space has the Schur property if and only if every weakly compact set is contained in the closed convex hull of a weakly null sequence. This result complements an old result of Grothendieck (now called the Grothendieck Compactness Principle) stating that every norm compact subset of a Banach space is contained in the closed convex hull of a norm null sequence. We include many of the relevant definitions and preliminary results which are required in the proofs of both of these theorems.

La majeure partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'inégalité de Blaschke-Santaló, qui s'énonce ainsi : parmi les ensembles symétriques, la boule euclidienne maximise le produit vol(K) vol(K°), K° désignant le polaire de K. Il existe des versions fonctionnelles de cette inégalité, découvertes par plusieurs auteurs (Ball, Artstein, Klartag, Milman, Fradelizi, Meyer. . .), mais elles sont toutes dérivées de l'inégalité ensembliste. L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des démonstrations directes de ces inégalités fonctionnelles. On obtient ainsi de nouvelles preuves de l'inégalité de Santaló, parfois très simples. La dernière partie est un peu à part et concerne le chaos gaussien : on démontre une majoration précise des moments du chaos gaussien due à Lataªa par des arguments de chaînage à la Talagrand / This thesis is mostly about the Blaschke-Santaló inequality, which states that among symmetric sets, the Euclidean ball maximises the product vol(K) vol(K°), where K° is the polar body of K. Several authors (Ball, Artstein, Klartag, Milman, Fradelizi, Meyer. . .) were able to derive functional inequalities from this inequality. The purpose of this thesis is to give direct proofs of these functional Santaló inequalities. This provides new proofs of Santaló, some of which are very simple. The last chapter is about Gaussian chaoses. We obtain a sharp bound for moments of Gaussian chaoses due to Lataªa, using the generic chaining of Talagrand

Functional analysis is a method of behavioural assessment used to determine the environmental variables maintaining a specific behaviour. While functional analysis is often used with individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities, problem behaviours in people with dementia are rarely assessed using functional analysis methodology. The purpose of the present study was to conduct descriptive and functional analyses of problem behaviours among individuals with dementia to determine: (a) if a descriptive assessment would identify a function of the challenging behaviour assessed; (b) the extent to which stimuli identified in the descriptive assessment were needed to conduct a functional analysis; and (c) if a standard functional analysis is an effective assessment method for this population. The participants were two individuals with dementia who exhibited inappropriate vocalizations, consisting of swearing and delusional speech. For both participants, the results of the descriptive assessments suggested that the function of the behaviour was positive reinforcement in the form of attention from staff members. The findings of the descriptive analyses were confirmed in the functional analyses. The results suggest that a functional analysis informed by a descriptive analysis can identify the function of problem behaviour in individuals with dementia in a residential setting. / May 2016

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy(FSHD) is a disorder characterized by muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy). This disease is typically inherited as autosomal dominant and has a complex genetic and epigenetic etiology. Our collaborator had differentiated healthy human pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) into skeletal muscles and exploited ISO-Seq to explore cell gene expression and transcript alternative splicing usage profile during 8 differentiation stages. Later, stage specific gene differential expression, transcript alternative splicing, gene ontology and novel gene/transcript were analysed to characterize the feature of each stage during the differentiation. In terms of expressed genes with more than or equal to 5 transcripts, each stage had shown their own stage specific features. About transcripts, iPS, S1, ADM.D0, ADM.D4 have about 30% to 40% more total transcripts than the rest 4 stages. 4 kinds of alternative splicing events are generally distributed and S2 stage has the least alternative splicing events potentially due to technical reasons. As for gene differential expressions, ADM.D4 has considerable amount of differential expressed genes with 5 other stages and it has minor difference with ISM.D4 and S3 stages(they are all myotubes cells). The gene ontology analysis is performed according to the results of previous step, stage specific GO terms are revealed.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy(FSHD) is a disorder characterized by muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy). This disease is typically inherited as autosomal dominant and has a complex genetic and epigenetic etiology. Our collaborator had differentiated healthy human pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) into skeletal muscles and exploited ISO-Seq to explore cell gene expression and transcript alternative splicing usage profile during 8 differentiation stages. Later, stage specific gene differential expression, transcript alternative splicing, gene ontology and novel gene/transcript were analysed to characterize the feature of each stage during the differentiation. In terms of expressed genes with more than or equal to 5 transcripts, each stage had shown their own stage specific features. About transcripts, iPS, S1, ADM.D0, ADM.D4 have about 30% to 40% more total transcripts than the rest 4 stages. 4 kinds of alternative splicing events are generally distributed and S2 stage has the least alternative splicing events potentially due to technical reasons. As for gene differential expressions, ADM.D4 has considerable amount of differential expressed genes with 5 other stages and it has minor difference with ISM.D4 and S3 stages(they are all myotubes cells). The gene ontology analysis is performed according to the results of previous step, stage specific GO terms are revealed.

Este trabalho aborda principalmente dois tópicos em Análise Funcional. No primeiro tópico, estudamos zeros de polinômios em espaços de Banach reais. Apresentamos resultados devidos a J. Ferrer, estabelecendo que todo polinômio fracamente contínuo sobre os subconjuntos limitados de um espaço de Banach, de dual não separável na topologia fraca estrela, admite um subespaço linear fechado de dual não separável na topologia fraca estrela, no qual o polinômio se anula. No segundo tópico, exibimos a versão multilinear do Lema de Phelps devido a R. Aron, A. Cardwell., D. García e I. Zalzuendo. / We study two topics in Functional Analysis. In the first topic, we study zeros of polynomials on real Banach spaces. We present results due to J. Ferrer, stating that every polynomial weakly continuous on bounded subsets of a Banach space, whose dual is not separable in the weak-star topology, admits a closed linear subspace whose dual is not separable in the weak- star topology either, where the polynomial vanishes. In the second topic, we show a multilinear version for the Phelps\' Lemma by R. Aron, A. Cardwell., D. García and I. Zalzuendo.

O estudo da recuperação de lesões nervosas periféricas do isquiático, fibular e tibial, com base nos métodos (De Medinaceli; Freed; Wyatt, 1982), (De Medinaceli; Derenzo; Hunter, 1984), (Carlton; Goldberg, 1986) e (Bain; Mackinnon; Hunter, 1989), obtidos por meio da análise motora, é considerado um bom critério de avaliação para a quantificação do grau de avaliação nervosa. Elas podem ser estudadas através de uma ampla variedade de técnicas que incluem a eletrofisiologia muscular e a morfologia. Porém nem mesmo em condições experimentais controladas, uma correlação da regeneração dos nervos periféricos é completa, porque não provêem informações precisas do estado funcional do nervo. A avaliação da função sensorial é imprecisa e usualmente indireta devido a causas de enervações sobrepostas. Sendo assim, há explicação para os diferentes métodos de avaliação funcional propostos com os avanços tecnológicos, e o aprimoramento dos métodos de captação, armazenamento e processamento dos dados obtidos. O sistema de análise funcional dos nervos periféricos - AFNP, nome dado ao software devido a sua funcionalidade que é de análise funcional de nervos periféricos, apresenta uma interface de fácil interação, emprego e de apresentação das informações ao usuário, através de auxílio de informações de cada contexto do sistema de como utilizá-lo. Sua precisão e a uniformidade das avaliações proporcionaram resultados confiáveis. O uso de recursos gráficos e de relatórios pode disponibilizar os resultados obtidos, por meio de gráficos das médias e de desvios-padrão. A informatização deste processo, além de fornecer ao usuário uma maior agilidade na avaliação, permite ao pesquisador a utilização de um número maior de animais nos grupos experimentais, facilitando não só a captação, bem como o armazenamento e o processamento dos dados. A flexibilidade foi um resultado muito importante a ser ressaltado, pois mais de um usuário tem a possibilidade de interagir no sistema. / The study of the nervous recuperation of peripheral lesions of the sciatic, fibular and tibial, with base in the methods of (De Medinaceli; Freed; Wyatt, 1982), (De Medinaceli; Derenzo; Hunter, 1984), (Carlton; Goldberg, 1986) and (Bain; Mackinnon; Hunter, 1989), obtained through the motive analysis, is considered a good evaluation criterion for the quantification of the degree of nervous evaluation. They can be studied through a wide variety of techniques including the muscular electrophysiology and the morphology. However not even in controlled experimental conditions, a correlation of the regeneration of the peripheral nerves is complete, because they don\'t provide necessary information of the functional state of the nerve. The evaluation of the sensorial function is imprecise and usually indirect due to causes of overlap enervations. Being like this, the explanation for the different functional evaluation methods proposed with the technological progresses and the improvement of the reception methods, storage and processing of the obtained data. The system of functional analysis of the peripheral nerves - AFNP, name given to the software due to its functionality that is of functional analysis of outlying nerves, it presents an interface of easy interaction, work and of presentation of the information to the user, through help information of each context of the system of how to use it. Its precision and the uniformity of the evaluations provided reliable results. The use of graphic resources and reports they can make available the obtained results, through graphs of the averages and of deviations pattern. With the computerization of this process, besides supplying the user a larger agility in the evaluation, it provides the researcher the use of a larger number of animals in the experimental groups, facilitating not only the reception, as well as the storage and the processing of the data. The flexibility was a very important result to be stood out, therefore more than one user has the possibility to interact with the system.

Este projeto teve como objetivo (a) investigar a independência funcional entre os operantes tato e mando com respostas verbais baseadas na seleção de estímulos e (b) investigar algumas variáveis que pudessem facilitar que uma dada topografia verbal ensinada em tato fosse emitida em mando sem treino direto e vice-versa. Quatro crianças com diagnóstico de autismo e uma criança com atraso de linguagem foram participantes do estudo. Primeiramente, no Estudo 1, T1 foi ensinado a emitir tatos puros de cinco objetos necessários para a execução de uma cadeia comportamental. Testou-se, então, a emissão das mesmas topografias de respostas na condição de mando. Em um segundo momento, no Estudo 2, T2 foi ensinado a emitir duas topografias de tato impuros (além do participante ser elogiado após a emissão do tato durante o treino, o mesmo recebia um brinquedo, que cumpria a função de um reforço condicionado) e testado em mando, enquanto M1 e M2 foram ensinados a emitir duas topografias de mando impuro (além de adquirirem o item específico após a emissão da resposta verbal, os participantes eram elogiados pelo experimentador) e testados na condição de tato. Em um terceiro momento, no Estudo 3, M3 foi ensinado a emitir mandos para quatro objetos necessários para completar quatro cadeias comportamentais. Concomitante a emissão das respostas verbais de seleção de estímulos emitidas pelo participante, o experimentador nomeava (resposta vocal) o item que era pedido. Os resultados apontaram independência funcional entre os operantes tato e mando com respostas verbais baseadas na seleção de estímulos. O treino de topografias verbais na condição de tato impuro pareceu facilitar que as mesmas topografias fossem emitidas na condição de mando, sem treino direto e vice-versa. Por fim, a resposta verbal vocal emitida pelo experimentador facilitou que as topografias verbais ensinadas em mando fossem emitidas por M3 em tato e também pareceu ser importante na emissão de respostas verbais vocais. / This project aimed to (a) investigate functional independence between mand and tact selection-based verbal behaviors and (b) investigate variables that could facilitate that a given verbal topography taught in tact could be emitted in mand and vice versa. Four children diagnosed with autism and a child with language delay were participants of the study. To begin with, in Study 1, T1 was taught to emit pure tacts of five objects necessary for the implementation of a behavioral chain. Then he was tested in same topographies of responses in mand condition. Secondly, in Study 2, T2 was taught to emit two topographies of impure tacts (in addition to the participant being praised after tacting during training, he received a toy, which fulfilled the function of conditioned reinforcer) and tested in mand, while M1 and M2 were taught to emit two topographies of impure mand (besides acquiring the specific item after the emission of verbal response, the participants were praised by the experimenter) and tested in tact. Thirdly, in Study 3, M3 was taught to mand for four objects required to complete four behavioral chains. Concomitant with the selection-based verbal behavior emitted by the participant, the experimenter named (voice response) the required item. The results showed functional independence between mand and tact for selection-based verbal behavior. The training of verbal topographies in impure tact condition seemed to facilitated the same topographies to be emitted in mand condition, without direct training and vice versa. Finally, the vocal verbal response emitted by the experimenter appeared to facilitated to topographies taught in mand to be emitted by M3 in tact and also seemed to be important in the emission of vocal verbal responses

O país está atravessando uma fase singular no setor da construção civil, particularmente no segmento de edificações. Entretanto, como consequência da queda de investimentos em capacitação de mão de obra nos últimos anos, a construção civil sofre pela escassez de profissionais especializados em quantidade e qualidade exigidas pelo setor. É neste contexto que se insere o presente trabalho, cujo foco é para a capacitação profissional em nível operacional, tendo como objetivo propor diretrizes para capacitação profissional por competência . Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica por meio de consultas a artigos técnicos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses. Como resultado do trabalho, é proposto um modelo para programas de capacitação profissional por competências e uma proposta de aplicação para o caso do assentador e rejuntador de placas cerâmicas e porcelanato para revestimentos. / The country is undergoing a unique phase in the construction industry, particularly in the building segment. However, as a result of falling investments in manpower training in recent years, the construction industry faces a shortage of skilled professionals. In this context, our focus lies on professional training at the operational level, aiming to propose guidelines for professional training for competence, a large contingent of construction workers and in a short time. To achieve the proposed objective, a literature review was conducted through consultations with national and international technical articles, dissertations and theses. As a result of the work, a model is proposed for professional training programs concerning skills and an application proposal for the case of the fitting and reassembling of ceramic tiles and porcelain coating.

L’objectif de la thèse est d’enrichir l’Analyse Fonctionnelle, une méthode de conception orientée sur la définition des fonctions d’un produit, pour le développement d’ouvrages complexes dans le domaine de la construction. Pour cela les concepts et pratiques de deux corpus méthodologiques sont adaptés et intégrés dans l’Analyse Fonctionnelle : l’Ingénierie Système et la Constructibilité. Cette méthode enrichie est appliquée sur un concept innovant de métro multifonctionnel qui consiste à utiliser un système unique pour répondre à plusieurs besoins de la ville : non seulement transporter des passagers mais aussi de l’eau, des déchets, de l’électricité, de la chaleur, de l’information, des marchandises et bien d’autres selon les particularités de chaque projet. Dans l’introduction après avoir brièvement décrit les enjeux rencontrés dans le domaine de la construction, qui justifient le besoin de nouvelles méthodes, nous soulignons que l’Analyse Fonctionnelle a essentiellement été utilisée dans d’autres domaines que celui de la construction pour faire face aux mêmes problèmes. En revanche, son application au domaine de la construction est limitée du fait de la non prise en compte des particularités de ce secteur : le besoin auquel répondent les systèmes dans ce domaine sont d’adapter l’espace pour que s’y réalise des activités humaines, mais aussi que chaque projet est unique. L’unicité de chaque projet nous a amené à prendre en compte la constructibilité, soit les contraintes liées au développement de l’ouvrage, à différentes étapes de l’Analyse Fonctionnelle. L’Analyse Fonctionnelle est aussi mal adaptée pour le développement de systèmes complexes, ainsi, les concepts et outils de l’ingénierie Système, dont l’objectif est la maitrise des systèmes complexes, sont intégrés à l’Analyse Fonctionnelle (V&V, SysML). La première partie de la thèse consiste en un état de l’art des trois méthodes étudiées : l’Analyse Fonctionnelle, l’Ingénierie Système et la Constructibilité. Dans cette partie les blocages et des adaptations nécessaires sont identifiés. Dans une deuxième partie, la méthode d’Analyse Fonctionnelle enrichie par la Constructibilité et l’Ingénierie Système est présentée. Le concept de Constructibilité notamment est étendu à la prise en compte non seulement des contraintes liées aux activités de réalisation mais aussi aux contraintes de conception et de planification/programmation (soit l’ensemble du système pour faire). L’Ingénierie Système pour sa part est adaptée en prenant en compte les caractéristiques spatiales des systèmes, composantes essentielles dans la construction. Deux outils ont été développés pendant la thèse permettant d’implémenter la méthode : un outil de modélisation des exigences basé sur le langage de modélisation SysML qui permet de lier les exigences avec des modèles BIM (Building Information Modeling) améliorant ainsi leur traçabilité et la facilitation de leur vérification, et la matrice de constructibilité qui permet d’analyser la constructibilité d’un système en prenant en compte l’ensemble des contraintes liées à son développement. Troisièmement, la méthode d’Analyse Fonctionnelle enrichie est appliquée sur 2 cas d’études liés au métro multifonctionnel : l’application de ce concept sur les études de la 5ème ligne de Lyon vers Alaï et l’intégration d’un réseau de fibre optique alimentant l’île de France dans la ligne 16 du projet du Grand Paris. En conclusion des pistes de recherche pour le futur sont proposées : d’autres méthodologies de conception existent avec des objectifs différents (innovation pour la théorie C-K) ou des nouveaux concepts (System of Systems). Ou comment mesurer et quantifier les critères de constructibilité ? Comment appliquer ces méthodes dans différents contextes législatifs et contractuels ? Sont autant de question qui méritent de nouvelles recherches ultérieures / Objectives of the thesis is to enrich Functional Analysis, a design method oriented on the definition of functions, by the integration of two methodological corpuses: Constructability and Systems Engineering in order to adapt it to complex construction products. The enriched method is used and applied on an innovative concept: the multifunctional metro. This new concept consists in the integration of new functions in a metro system: not only transport people but also energy, information, wastes, merchandises, water etc. in order to answer to several city needs with a unique infrastructure. In the introduction, after having describe challenges faced by the construction industry, we highlight that Functional Analysis has been used extensively in other industries to face similar issues. However, its application in the construction industry is limited due to particularities of the construction industry: each project is unique, construction projects are complex and that needs construction projects answer consists in adapting space in order to carry human or related activities. The identification of such particularities have led on one hand, to the consideration of constructability concepts and principles in Functional Analysis to better integrate development constraints of each project in the product development. On the other hand, to the consideration of Systems Engineering, a methodological corpus which objective is to manage complexity of projects. Firstly, Functional Analysis, Constructability and Systems Engineering corpuses are presented and issues are identified in these three methods either to adapt them to complex construction projects for their integration. Constructability notably, is improved with the integration of constraints from Design and Planning phases and a proposition is presented to shift from Constructability to Constructibility. Systems Engineering for its part is adapted by the integration of spatial characteristics of systems. A SysML tool (Systems Modeling Language) has been developed and linked with a BIM modeling tool to improve the capacity to model and verify requirements related to construction systems. The Constructibility matrix, a tool to ease the implementation of constructibility has also been developed.Secondly, Functional Analysis enriched by methodological inputs and tools related to the construction industry is applied. Case studies concern two different phases (planning and design) in two different projects where multifunctionnality concepts have been investigated: the 5th metro line of Lyon where the evaluation of the integration of new functions in the metro line have been studied. And the line 16 of the Greater Paris Project where the integration of a broadband network was the opportunity to study the integration of a new function more in detail (transport information). In conclusion we shall suggest some ways forward by outlining avenues for further researches: how to measure constructibility criteria at different systemic levels is a challenge on which we give some ways to follow. The application and adaptation of Systems Engineering to the construction industry remains to be better investigated and we give some further research indications, particularly on the integration with BIM (Building Information Modeling) methods. We also present how the use of MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering) techniques and Data Science could lead to the automation of some design activities which could enrich Functional Analysis methods. Insights on the organization of the profession and contractual issues are proposed and would require more researches to enable implementation of the presented methodology in projects