Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur l'écrivain anglais John Ronald Reuel Tolkien et sur son oeuvre littéraire. Celle-ci est composée de plusieurs écrits et surtout des romans The Hobbit (1936) et The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955). L'intention que Tolkien avait au début de sa carrière littéraire était la création d'une mythologie pour son pays, l'Angleterre. Cette profonde ambition primaire s'unit à sa passion de jeunesse pour les langages imaginaires et à sa profession de philologue et d’enseignant d ’anglo-saxon à l’université d’Oxford. La Terre du Milieu, le monde que Tolkien dessine pour sa mythologie, devient alors le lieu où ses contes, qu'il définira de contes de fées, se déroulent et où ses langages peuvent se développer. Nous allons démontrer dans ce travail, qui est formé de trois parties, la pertinence de l’oeuvre de Tolkien dans le contexte de la littérature contemporaine et le fait que sa production littéraire implique plusieurs éléments qui relient mythologie, philologie, fantaisie et modernité. Nous nous concentrons sur certains aspects thématiques de la littérature européenne qui ont inspiré la création mythologique par Tolkien. La deuxième partie du travail encadre le point de vue linguistique au sein de l’oeuvre de Tolkien. Finalement, la troisième partie a la fonction de résumer les aspects précédents et d'analyser la théorisation des contes de fées par Tolkien, tout comme il la développe dans son célèbre essai "On Fairy-Stories", pour conclure avec la réception critique que notre auteur a reçue dans le monde moderne et contemporain, et qui lui a aussi permis d’être l’un des auteurs les plus lus et influents du XXe siècle. / This thesis focuses on the English writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973), the famous author of The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien’s literary work gathers many writings, stories and two famous novels, such as The Hobbit (1936) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), that achieved a great succes all over the world. At the beginning of his literary career Tolkien aimed at the creation of a mythology to his country, England. This ambition was matched with his juvenile passion of inventing languages and his profession as a philologist and Anglo-Saxon teacher at Oxford University. Middle-earth, Tolkien’s secondary world, becomes the place where his fairy tales occurs and his languages may develop. This work shows how Tolkien’s work fits in the context of contemporary literature and that his production involves many elements collecting mythology, philology, fantasy and modernity.It consists of three parts: in the first part, some of the themes and the mythological sources of Tolkien’s tales are analyzed, in particular the Finnish sources, the Medieval and poetic ones. Thesecond part, the linguistic matters concerning Tolkien's work are taken into consideration and, in particular, the way how languages may create a world and the relation between reality and the perception of such reality, which will inevitably influence the language referred to it.Finally, in the third part, the Fairy element, which is one of the bases of Tolkien’s work is discussed, as well as the reception of our author, both from the critique point of view and the audience one, so as to demonstrate why he may be considered as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century.

Orientador: Álvaro Luiz Hattnher / Banca: Karin Volobuef / Banca: Orlando Nunes de Amorim / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe-se a rediscutir o conceito corrente de conto de fadas, tal como proposto por autores como Jolles (1976) e Propp (1983), a partir de um contraponto dessas teorias com as formulações de J. R. R. Tolkien em seu ensaio "Sobre histórias de fadas" (2006). Partindo dessa revisão, pretende-se demonstrar como As crônicas de Nárnia, de C. S. Lewis, pode ser lida como o que Tolkien denomina "história de fadas", pois a presença da oposição entre o "mundo real", com tempo e espaço histórico bem definidos, e o mundo maravilhoso ou "outro mundo" parece ser um fator decisivo para diferenciar um conto de fadas de uma história de fadas / Abstract: This research proposes to revisit the current concept of fairy tale as proposed by authors such as Jolles (1976) and Propp (1983), counterpointing those theories with the formulations of J.R.R. Tolkien in his essay "On Fairy-Stories" (2006). The aim is to demonstrate how The Chronicles of Narnia, by C. S. Lewis, can be read as a "fairy story" according to Tolkien, since the presence of an opposition between the "real world", with well defined time and historical space, and the wonderful world or "other world" seems to be a decisive factor to differentiate a fairy tale from a fairy story / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_mc_me_sjrp.pdf: 878935 bytes, checksum: 764ef3d1dbc56457288c4d8d81bd3b78 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe-se a rediscutir o conceito corrente de conto de fadas, tal como proposto por autores como Jolles (1976) e Propp (1983), a partir de um contraponto dessas teorias com as formulações de J. R. R. Tolkien em seu ensaio “Sobre histórias de fadas” (2006). Partindo dessa revisão, pretende-se demonstrar como As crônicas de Nárnia, de C. S. Lewis, pode ser lida como o que Tolkien denomina “história de fadas”, pois a presença da oposição entre o “mundo real”, com tempo e espaço histórico bem definidos, e o mundo maravilhoso ou “outro mundo” parece ser um fator decisivo para diferenciar um conto de fadas de uma história de fadas / This research proposes to revisit the current concept of fairy tale as proposed by authors such as Jolles (1976) and Propp (1983), counterpointing those theories with the formulations of J.R.R. Tolkien in his essay “On Fairy-Stories” (2006). The aim is to demonstrate how The Chronicles of Narnia, by C. S. Lewis, can be read as a fairy story according to Tolkien, since the presence of an opposition between the real world, with well defined time and historical space, and the wonderful world or other world seems to be a decisive factor to differentiate a fairy tale from a fairy story