Does the parental involvement of interracial families have different effects on children's academic achievement compared to same-race families? This study compares parental involvement in children's education and the academic outcomes of White-Asian families and White and Asian families. Five dimensions of parental involvement are examined: educational expectations, school involvement, home involvement, parental control and parental social networks. Based on data from The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, generalized estimating equations (GEEs) are used to analyze the variability of academic achievement produced by the interaction of involvement dimensions and family types. Asian mother-White father families rank the highest in most forms of involvement. They are most active in school and most frequent in interacting with their child at home, and they also show the highest level of contacts with parents of their child's friends. However, only home-based involvement is a stronger predictor of reading scores compared to White parents families. Asian parents generally expect their child to go much further in school and tend to express higher levels of parental control. But it is home involvement that has a stronger effect on reading achievement while school involvement is a stronger predictor of math achievement. Although White parents have the lowest educational expectations for their children, their expectations and school involvement tend to have stronger effects on children's reading achievement. What improves educational attainment for children from White mother-Asian father families is not significantly different from other families.

Children with psychologically vulnerable caregivers may be at risk for being labeled as having behavior problems when typical behaviors are viewed by their caregivers as problematic. Research examining the accuracy of the caregivers’ perceptions of children’s behaviors is limited. The purpose of this study was to use the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to explore family and female caregiver factors associated with appraisals of children’s behaviors, the extent to which these appraisals may be distorted and children’s level of risk of having behavioral problems. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from female caregivers of preschoolers. Reliable and valid instruments measured family factors, demographic characteristics, comfort in parenting, appraisal of behaviors, daily stress, parenting stress, depressive symptoms, social support, ratings of children’s behaviors, and distortion in the ratings. Analyses included ANOVA, ANCOVA, Chi-square, simultaneous and hierarchical linear regressions. Results indicated that family typology was not associated with the female caregivers’ appraisals of children’s behaviors or distortion of caregivers’ ratings of behaviors; however, it was associated with risk of having children with behavioral problems. In the simultaneous regressions models, greater discomfort with parenting and greater perceived daily stress were associated with more negative appraisals of children’s behaviors by the female caregivers and Caucasian race and higher distortion in behavioral ratings were associated with higher risk of behavioral problems in children. Social support did not buffer the effects of caregiver depression on appraisals of children’s behaviors or level of risk of children having behavioral problems.

Background: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate mental illness of young people placed in foster care inSweden, here defined as the occurrence of psychological and psychosomatic health problems. Method: The study utilizes data from Sweden using a self-assesment form filled out by 27.439 pupils in year 9of compulsory school, using data from the years 2008 – 2018. Applying various forms of regression models, thisstudy empirically evaluates the risk of psychosomatic and psychological health complaints among adolescentsplaced in foster care compared to adolescents from other family types. Results: The study found higher odds for young people in foster care compared to young people in nuclearfamilies to have five out of six psychosomatic disorders and five out of six psychological disorders. When compared to youth living with single parents the results showed higher odds for three out of six psychosomaticdisorders and two out of six psychological disorders. Conclusion: Youth in foster care is a population more vulnerable to mental illness than youth in other familytypes. Professionals working with and for adolescents living in foster care need to actively pay attention to boththe psychosomatic and psychological indicators of mental health issues.

Se estudió la relación entre los tipos de familia y los problemas de conducta escolar en una muestra de 105 niños entre 7 y 9 años pertenecientes a un centro educativo estatal de Lima. Para lograr el objetivo del presente estudio correlacional-causal se administró el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Problemas de Conducta (Bravo, 1976) y la Escala Tipo de Familia según criterio psicopedagógico (Cerda, 1995). Ambos evidenciaron óptimas propiedades psicométricas (validez de constructo y confidencialidad). Los resultados mostraron una correlación significativa entre el tipo de familia insegura y los problemas de conducta escolar; así como, una correlación no significativa entre el tipo de familia segura y los problemas de conducta escolar, lo que indica que se acepta la hipótesis planteada en la presente investigación. / The relationship between family types and school behavioral problems was studied in a simple of 105 children between 7 and 9 years old that attend a public educational center in Lima. In order to achieve the objective of the present correlationalh-causal study, the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Behavioral Problems (Bravo, 1976) and the Family Type Scale (Cerda, 1995) was administered according to psychopedagogical criteria. Both showed optimal psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability). The results showed a significant correlation between the insecure family type and school behavioral problems; as well as, a non-significant correlation between the safe family type and school behavioral problems, which indicates that the hypothesis proposed in the present investigation is accepted. / Tesis

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.

Bibliography: leaves 221-244 / The purpose of this thesis is to examine the mission of the ‘Church as family’ and to explore its implications in terms of levels of inclusion and participation of church members in the Catholic Diocese of Masvingo. The background of the study is the 1994 African Synod that suggests the ecclesiology of the mission of the ‘Church as family.’ The study helps the Catholic Diocese of Masvingo to evaluate the implementation of the ideal of the mission of the ‘Church as family’ and draw implications for nuclear, single parent, child-headed, reconstituted and extended families within the church. The study explores Shorter’s culture model to examine how cultural practices, symbols, values and belief systems can be used as an analytic framework for the human dimension of the church. A qualitative research methodology that involves 36 participants in semi-structured interviews, three focus group discussions in urban, semi-urban and rural parishes and participant observation was used to collect data from parishioners, priests and religious of the Catholic Diocese of Masvingo. The study reveals that each family type contributes to Evangelisation as proclamation of the Good News and inculturation differently thereby enriching the ideal of the mission of the ‘Church as family.’ Furthermore, the study shows that guilds, associations and commissions help to strengthen families through spiritual, psychological, social and economic support. Findings also indicate that the Trinity is the theological foundation of the family and it finds acceptance in African communal setup. Family types in Masvingo Diocese are analysed using the notion of the Trinity to show that dignity, equality and respect among family types can be used to strengthen the ideal of the mission of the ‘Church as family.’ At pastoral level, economic, social and cultural obstacles to family ministry stand as a challenge to the full implementation and realisation of the ideal of the mission of the ‘Church as family’. In the light of the research, recommendations for mission strategies were suggested at different levels that involve Diocesan administration, priests, religious, catechists and parish leaders. Recommendations for further researches were also suggested for areas that seem to be important yet outside the scope of this study. The theological, pastoral, and cultural issues raised in this study combine to help the Catholic Diocese of Masvingo to become an authentic expression of the mission of the ‘Church as family’ of God. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)