Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-16T14:36:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2906234 bytes, checksum: 48811a1f34ad03348732ec50c8bc7009 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-06-17T15:59:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2906234 bytes, checksum: 48811a1f34ad03348732ec50c8bc7009 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-06-17T16:16:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2906234 bytes, checksum: 48811a1f34ad03348732ec50c8bc7009 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T11:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2906234 bytes, checksum: 48811a1f34ad03348732ec50c8bc7009 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aimed to characterize the vulnerability experiences lived in consumer relations directed to the children of female single parents. In order to do so, the main theoretical aspects related to the discipline of marketing and society, consumer vulnerability, contemporary families and consumption, and divorce and its effect on household consumption were addressed. The combination of those theoretical aspects shaped the conceptual research model. The methodological decisions focused on the representation of a qualitative approach, made possible by individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with audio recording. In total, fifteen divorced mothers of children up to twelve years or children older than twelve, but that at the time of divorce found themselves in that particular age has been conveniently invited and interviewed in 2015, in places previously established according to their preferences. The transcript of the interviews and the content analysis technique presented therefore three categories for assessment, which aimed, respectively, to recognize the general aspects of the divorce process and the characteristics of the nuclear family consumption versus the consumption of female single-parent family, and also to characterize the vulnerability exploited in context. The results indicate that the vulnerability in this context is due to: reduction of paternal involvement in family income, the consumption deprivation caused by the new financial conditions of the mother, the conflicts between the former spouses and family, and the characteristics and individual states such as competion, materialism, anger, jealousy and shame caused by the dependence on third parties. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as experiências de vulnerabilidade vivenciadas nas relações de consumo direcionadas aos filhos de famílias monoparentais femininas. Para tal, foram abordados os principais aspectos teóricos relacionados à disciplina de marketing e sociedade, vulnerabilidade do consumidor, as famílias contemporâneas e o consumo, e o divórcio e seus efeitos sobre o consumo familiar. Estes temas combinados deram formato ao modelo conceitual da pesquisa. As decisões metodológicas concentraram-se na representação de uma abordagem qualitativa, possibilitada pela realização de entrevistas individuais face-a-face, com roteiro semiestruturado e gravação de áudio. No total, quinze mulheres, chefes de famílias monoparentais com filhos até doze anos, ou filhos maiores de doze anos, mas que na época do divórcio encontravam-se nessa faixa etária específica foram convenientemente convocadas e entrevistadas, no ano de 2015, em locais previamente estabelecidos de acordo com suas respectivas preferências. A transcrição dos relatos e a técnica de análise do conteúdo evidenciaram, por conseguinte, três categorias para avaliação, que objetivaram, respectivamente, o reconhecimento geral do processo de divórcio, as características do consumo da família nuclear versus o consumo da família monoparental feminina e a caracterização da vulnerabilidade no contexto explorado. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a vulnerabilidade nesse contexto ocorre devido à: redução da participação paterna no orçamento familiar, às privações de consumo ocasionadas pelas novas condições financeiras da mãe, aos conflitos entre os ex-cônjuges e familiares, e às características e estados individuais como competição, materialismo, raiva, ciúme e vergonha devido à dependência de terceiros.

The field of autism in epidemiology has received much attention in recent times especially as scientific information evolves on the causes and impact of autism spectrum disorder. Just as medical research is conducting to arrest the growing pace of autism with current research indicating one out of every 68 children in the United States diagnosed autistic, the field of the social science has equally produced some literature on the subject. Much of the social science and epidemiological information in the field has bothered on framing the concept (Murray, 2008), historical dimension and causation of the disease, and its associative influence on family (Grinker, 2007). However, not much has been done to assess the phenomenon from the point of view of conflict analysis and resolution (Sabatelli & Waldron, 1995) to fully understand their sense of conflict ambiguity and ambiguous loss of a child with autism (Cridland et al. 2014; O'Brien, 2007). This research therefore attempted to bridge that gap through reflexive analysis of transcripts from phenomenological interviewing of 19 participants comprised of 14 single parents and 5 married couples with autistic children. While the primary focus of the research was Single parents, married couples served comparative analytical purpose of data validation. Theories of phenomenology, Resilience, human needs, stereotypes & identity, relative deprivation, attribution, critical theory, ambiguous loss, etc. operationalize to frame the research language for hermeneutical transformative interpretation and social action about the phenomenon. Results from the study indicate conflict behavioral experience, a burden curve and resilient risk factors associated with caring for an autistic child leading to possible crisis borderline.

The aim of the study “Gender and societal norms in change - Quantitative study on women's attitudes to childbearing and parenting” was to investigate women's attitude towards childbearing and parenthood, as well as women's attitude towards becoming a parent on their own. The goal was to develop knowledge regarding women's attitude towards having children in order to contribute with possible explanations for the downward trend of childbearing in Sweden. The study also investigates which factors can influence women's decisions towards having children. The questions that the study answered were: What does women's attitude towards becoming a parent look like on their own? What factors are important for women to consider when having children? How do the factors affect the timing of having children? The study was carried out using a quantitative method in the form of a survey. A total of 112 women participated in the study, which was based on theories of individualization, female individualization and gender socialization. The results of the study showed that the women did not experience a strong influence of gender and societal norms regarding childbearing and parenthood. However, the women felt that there are several important factors that they want to achieve before having children, which affect the timing. The majority of women were also positive about single parenthood and the use of medically assisted conception. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors inställning till barnafödande och föräldraskap, samt kvinnors inställning till att bli förälder på egen hand. Målet var att utveckla kunskap gällande kvinnors inställning till att skaffa barn för att bidra med möjliga förklaringar till den nedåtgående trenden av barnafödande i Sverige. Studien undersöker även vilka faktorer som kan påverka kvinnors beslut att skaffa barn. De frågor som studien besvarade var: Hur ser kvinnors inställning ut till att bli förälder på egen hand? Vilka faktorer är viktiga för kvinnor att ta hänsyn till när de skaffar barn? Hur påverkar faktorerna tidpunkten för att skaffa barn? Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning. Totalt deltog 112 kvinnor i studien som tog avstamp i teorier om individualisering, kvinnlig individualisering och könsocialisering. Resultatet i studien visade att kvinnorna inte upplevde en stark påverkan av köns- och samhällsnormer när det gäller barnafödande och föräldraskap. Däremot ansåg kvinnorna att det finns flera viktiga faktorer som de vill uppnå innan ett barnafödande, vilket påverkar tidpunkten. Majoriteten av kvinnorna var dessutom positiva till ett ensamt föräldraskap och användning av medicinsk assisterad befruktning.

Behavior problems are common during early childhood, and while many children will outgrow them, others will continue to have substantial difficulties. Unfortunately, too little is known about which children will exhibit continued difficulties, making it difficult to intervene before maladaptive behavior becomes entrenched. A number of parenting and parent characteristics, including ineffective discipline, maternal depression, parenting stress, and limited social support have consistently been found to be associated with externalizing problems in young children. While these variables are concurrently related to behavior problems, we know very little about whether or not they predict change in externalizing behaviors over time. The proposed research examined several parenting and parent predictors of changes in child behavior problems, including lax and overreactive discipline, single parent status, and parental depression. In addition, this study evaluated whether child gender and ethnicity moderated the relationships between these variables and changes in problem behavior. Single parenthood was the only significant predictor for the sample as a whole, while parent depression was a significant predictor for girls. Several significant ethnic differences emerged, highlighting the importance of considering cultural context in studies of parenting and externalizing behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 16 / Nenhuma / O tema dos direitos reprodutivos, tal como grande parte das demandas da atualidade, reveste-se de complexidade, seja por sua ligação com a biociência e tecnologia com sua dinâmica peculiar e seus ambíguos efeitos , seja por ter sua origem ligada às demandas feministas o que lhe predispõe a interpretações parciais e ou “partidárias”. A presente dissertação propõe-se, assim, a enfrentar o tema dos direitos reprodutivos levando em conta a complexidade que lhe é inerente, e que se manifesta de maneira explícita no exemplo adotado, do projeto monoparental feminino no qual a mulher solteira, utilizando-se de técnica de inseminação artificial com sêmen de doador, pretende formar uma família monoparental, composta apenas por mãe e filho, sem o estabelecimento de vínculo afetivo ou sexual com um homem. Na busca das repercussões éticas e jurídicas que emanariam do projeto monoparental feminino, a pesquisa parte de duas análises centrais: uma bioética, no primeiro capítulo, com o estudo dos modelos principialista e / The subject concerning reproductive rights, as most of the demands nowadays, is very complex, not only because of its links with biosciences and biotechnology with its particular dynamics and ambiguous effects , but also because of its origins in feminism which makes it very likely to partial and/or partidary interpretations. Therefore, the present dissertation intends to face the issue of reproductive rights taking into consideration its inherent complexity, which is very clear in the chosen example of the single woman project of parenthood in which a single woman, addopting the use of artificial insemination with a donor’s semen, has the intention to form a family composed only by a mother and a child, without establishing affective or sexual bonds with a man. Searching the ethical and juridical consequences that would arise from the single woman project of parenthood, this research starts from two main analysis: a bioethical one, in the first chapter, with emphasis in the principalist and personalist m

The thesis deals with the issue of single parenthood from the perspective of women mothers. The main aim of the thesis was to survey the attitude of lone mothers - mothers of minor children - to the single parenthood. To generally describe the impact, which a termination of a partnership may have on a lone woman a mother raising minor child/children. What living circumstances she has to face and what lifestyle they chose at this stage of their lives. And finally, what forms of help they use. The text is divided into two parts theoretical and practical one. First chapter of the theoretical part deals with the family and its mission, what functions the family should fulfil in relation to its individual members and what could be the results if these functions are disrupted. The chapter is completed with the view of parenthood, which significantly changes the proper functioning of a family. Chapter two describes the crisis in partnership or marriage resulting in single parenthood. Furthermore, various forms related to child care after separation of partners are mentioned as well as potential impacts of the separation on the family. The third chapter discusses the maintenance and potential support, which single mother may receive from the state, surroundings or family. Finally, the chapter assesses the potential of women single mothers on the labour market. For the practical part of the thesis, a questioning technique was chosen and used in semi-structured interviews. The examined group consisted of fifteen women single mothers, aged 25-55, living in the district of Písek, having been at least six months after a divorce/separation and taking care of minor children. Women, who involuntarily become single mothers due to the partner´s death, were not included in the examined group. In connection with the thesis objective, two survey questions were asked: "How do lone women mothers of minor children - deal with single parenthood?" and "What support provided by the family, surroundings or the state do the lone women mothers of minor children use?". The survey has revealed that the majority of communication partners faces difficult financial situation caused by the loss of a second income or generally deteriorated potential on the labour market due to the necessity to combine work and child care without the support of the second partner and in many cases due to the improper fulfilment of maintenance obligations by fathers. Almost half of the communication partners has experienced such a situation, when the obliged parent fails to fulfil his maintenance obligation properly. Among other issues connected with the single parenthood, many communication partners mentioned the feeling of loneliness, lack of the father´s interest in his children, compromises they have to make when choosing a job or activities for their leisure time. The survey has shown that majority of the communication partners spends most of their leisure time by taking care of children or the household. The thesis may be used as a study material for students with social and legal specialization, as an introduction to the issue. In addition, women who experienced divorce/separation may utilize it as one of prospective manuals for the solution to their difficult situation.

In recent years various factors have contributed to the dissolution of the traditional family and the subsequent emergence of alternative family systems like the single parent family. Single parent families have become a reality in our society, a fact reflected by statistics which indicate an increase in the occurrence of single parent families over the last couple of years. However, the single parent family is still mostly perceived as consisting of the mother and her children, rather than the father and his children. Research narratives seem to support the single-parenthood-equals-single-motherhood plot in that there is an abundance of single parent accounts in the literature that mostly tell the stories of single mothers. Thus, fathers who find themselves in the position of single father seem to be marginalised in society and stories regarding their experiences are few and far between. The aim of this project was to explore and describe how single fathers in South Africa experience fatherhood by focussing on their personal narratives. Therefore the research inquiry for this project took the form of a narrative inquiry which provides a way to understand people’s experiences by privileging their stories. The researcher conducted unstructured interviews with participants to produce languaged data which were analysed using a narrative analysis strategy. A narrative analysis aims to investigate not merely the content of the story, but rather the story itself and the way in which it is told within a specific cultural and historical context. Hopefully, in the telling, listening and retelling of their stories these fathers’ voices will become more pronounced in the research narratives and thus contribute to the body of knowledge pertaining to single fatherhood. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / Unrestricted

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.

This study was undertaken to determine the extent of aggressive behaviour exhibited by secondary school learners. Many factors were considered when investigating the problem of aggressive behaviour. The problem was traced from the theorists' perspectives and factors related to the family, school and community. An extensive literature review showed that the above factors contribute to aggressive behaviour among adolescents. In order to support or reject the findings of the literature study, quantitative (questionnaire) research and qualitative research (interviews) were conducted. The results of the quantitative research concerning learners' aggressive behaviour in secondary schools were analysed and interpreted while at the same time a deeper understanding of aggressive behaviour was revealed through qualitative research. The results of the empirical research indicated that the more negative the family climate, school climate, community climate or influence of friends are, or the more negative the emotional self-concept of the adolescent is, the more aggressive the adolescent is, and vice versa. Based on these findings recommendations for the implementation of prevention programmes were made. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Socio-Education)