This study examines the cultural and historical constructs of the patriarchal father, the dutiful daughter, and the “Cult of Southern Womanhood” that have impacted the depiction of the relationship between fathers and daughters in the works of southern writers Shirley Ann Grau, Gail Godwin, and Alice Walker. The authors illustrate fathers who influence their daughters by supplying their needs and supporting their desires, but also of fathers who have hindered the emotional growth of their daughters. The term father-force describes the characters’ understanding and revision of the power of the fathers over their lives. Evidence includes the primary works by the writers themselves, criticism of these writers from other sources, and their own words about their works. New Historicism theory supports the position that Grau, Godwin, and Walker use the historical context of the 1960s to help shape and articulate some of the more contemporary issues, anxieties, and struggles, reflected in the literature. The impact of father-daughter relationships in southern novels is an important aspect in the understanding of Grau, Godwin, and Walker’s contributions to American literature. These writers try to discover acceptable methods of dealing with their characters’ relationships with their fathers within the requirements of a society that has established clear roles for both father and daughter. The three writers emphasize good and bad examples of the cultural contexts being explored, and their writings show a historical perspective of the changes that have occurred in the South in father-daughter relationships from 1950 until the present time. The authors show their characters often becoming successful in the real world outside the home in an effort to gain their fathers’ recognition of their accomplishments, his acceptance of their individuality and differences from him, and his approval of their methods of gaining success. Strong feminists characteristics are displayed in the writings of the three authors. Grau, Godwin, and Walker share the characteristics of female characters that connect with their fathers through race, the burden of the past, gender, class and religious expectations. / Dr. Ronald R. Emerick Dr. Karen A. Dandurand Dr. Kelly L. Heider

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-96). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-96). Also available on the Internet.

This study focused on fathers and their willingness to participate in family related research studies. Traditional expectations of parental roles have hindered the inclusion of fathers in research studies despite gradual changes in cultural norms and research studies that indicate fathers have a significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children. Recent work in this area indicates that fathers are just as likely as mothers to participate in family related research. This study sought to shed light on this issue. Employees at three large Southeastern Universities were asked to participate in one of three different types of research: Academics, Athletics, and Behavioral Functioning. The requests were manipulated to be framed as either positive, negative, or neutral requests for parental participation in the study. Requests were sent to employees either via interdepartmental mail for one institution or via email for two institutions. It was hypothesized that (1) requests framed in a negative manner would have higher rates of participation than requests framed in either a positive or a neutral manner, (2) there would be more mothers than fathers who agreed to participate in the study across research type (Academic, Athletic, and Behavioral), (3) fathers would have higher rates of participation in athletic related research vs. academic and behavioral research, (4) the Lum Emotional Availability of Parents Scale (LEAP) would be found construct valid, and (5) parental willingness to participate in future research would be related to parental emotional availability. Only hypothesis four received strong support as the LEAP was found to be correlated with measures of parental warmth and involvement in expected directions. Additional findings revealed that mothers had a higher response rate than fathers. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

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I detta examensarbete kan du läsa om hur fadersgestalten integreras i barns verklighet samt i dess lekvärld med bilderböcker. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur fadersgestalten framställs i äldre och nya bilderböcker, och om den har ändrats med tiden. Jag har granskat sex böcker ifrån 1959 fram tills idag, varav två stycken har analyserats på djupet. Frågeställningen till arbetet lyder: Hur framställs fadersgestalten i de olika böckerna? Är han närvarande eller frånvarande i barnets verklighet? Studien använder sig av en multimodal utgångspunkt samt stödjer sig på föregående forskning och litteratur för att nå resultatet. Resultatet av att granska fadergestaltningen i dessa olika böcker är blanda annat att tidningen är en central symbol.  Pappan visas vid flera tillfällen i bilderböckerna sittande med tidningen framför ansiktet. Detta är något som man kan forska vidare på, få svar på hur det kommer sig att så många författare samt illustratörer väljer att gestalta fadern på detta sätt. / In this thesis, you can read about how the father figure is integrated into children’s reality and play world by the way of picture books. The purpose of the study is to illustrate how the father figure is portrayed in old and new picture books, and if it has changed over time. I have examined 6 books from 1959 until the present day on a general level, whereof two pieces have been analysed more in depth. The main questions of this thesis are: How is the father figure portrayed in the different books? Is he present or absent in the child's reality? The study uses a multimodal basis and draws on previous research and literature to reach the result. The results of examining the father figure in these different books were that the newspaper is a central symbol. The father appears on several occasions in the picture books sitting with the newspaper in front of his face. This is something that you can research further on. Get answers on how is it that so many writers and illustrators choose to portray the father in this way.

No description available.

The purpose of this research was to determine to what degree the married male educator experiences role conflict. The study was piloted by means of a literature study and thereafter an empirical investigation. The purpose of the literature study was to identify possible causes of role conflict and the empirical study was to determine the degree of role conflict experienced by the respondents. The problem statement and research objectives were formulated in Chapter 1. the objective of the study was formulated and the method of research was discussed. A study population was determined and the chapter is concluded with the chapter division. Chapter 2 concentrated on a few descriptions that are related to the concept "role". The nature of the role of the man was discussed from a judicial perspective. The chapter was concluded with the nature of the man's role in and outside the home. The nature of the role conflict was discussed in Chapter 3. Concepts such as inter role conflict and intra role conflict received attention. Possible factors that contribute to the experience of role conflict in the married male educator were identified from the literature. These factors that lead to experiencing role conflict are divided into three categories, namely in the family, at work, and in the family and at work. The purpose of Chapter 4 was to empirically determine whether the respondents really experience role conflict as a result of the discussed factors and to what degree role conflict is experienced. The research design, questionnaires as research instrument as well as the composition in the questionnaire was discussed in this chapter. The completed questionnaire was empirically analysed and certain interpretations were formulated from it. A summary of all the chapters was done in Chapter 5, findings were formulated and a few recommendations, based on the findings, were made. The findings indicated that role conflict is indeed experienced by the respondents and that the causes that lead to conflict originate in the family, society and the workplace. It was also found that practical meaningful differences exist between certain biographical data of the respondents and single factors that lead to experiencing role conflict. Minimal sing of these factors is a theme that can receive attention in future research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to family disruption/father absence (due to parental relationship dissolution) is a significant risk factor for early pubertal development in daughters. Moreover, the earlier in life that this exposure occurs, the greater the risk of these outcomes for girls. Two opposing classes of explanation have been proposed for this reliable finding. First, evolutionary-based developmental experience models have proposed that father absence may actually cause early pubertal development in daughters through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Second, this association may arise from either a genetic or a family-wide environmental confound. To discriminate between these two competing classes of explanation (i.e., causal vs. noncausal), a retrospective study employing a community sample of full biological sister pairs was conducted in New Zealand. This study examined menarchael age in (a) a primary group comprising age-discrepant biologically disrupted/father absent sister pairs (n = 68), and (b) a matched control group comprising age-discrepant biologically intact/father present sister pairs (n = 93). According to the causation model, if greater exposure to family disruption/father absence causes earlier pubertal development in girls, then in families in which (a) full biological sisters are discrepant in age, and (b) the younger sister has experienced more prolonged father absence than has her older sister, younger sisters should be at greater risk for earlier pubertal development. By contrast, if a genetic or family-wide environmental confound explains this association, full biological sisters should not systematically differ in pubertal timing as a function of birth order, even if they have experienced different amounts of father absence. The unique contribution of the current study to this area of inquiry is its employment of a differential sibling exposure design to test the explanatory value of the two opposing classes of explanation (i.e., causal versus noncausal). This genetically and environmentally controlled sibling design was utilised (a) to test the central hypothesis that the birth order/age discrepancy (older versus younger) between sisters would interact with family type (biologically disrupted vs. biologically intact) to predict the size of sibling differences in menarcheal age, and (b) to test for potential moderating effects of paternal dysfunction. Consistent with evolutionary causal models, the current sibling comparison study revealed that within biologically disrupted/father-absent families, younger sisters (who had more prolonged exposure to father absence) had earlier menarcheal ages than did their older sisters. The current study was therefore not only able to distinguish between the two competing classes of explanations, but its findings plausibly supported a causal rather than a noncausal explanation for the association between father absence and earlier pubertal timing in girls. Moreover, it revealed that this association is more nuanced than previously thought, because the accelerating effect of family disruption/father absence on daughters’ menarcheal timing was moderated by fathers’ functioning in the family. The current study has eight important limitations that can be used to direct future research. These limitations are detailed along with proffered suggestions (where applicable) for addressing them in future studies. Possible mediating mechanisms for the earlier menarcheal timing found in daughters from biologically disrupted/father absent families are also proposed. Finally, the implications of the current study’s findings for both parents and daughters in biologically disrupted/father absent families are discussed.