Submitted by Carla Santos (biblioteca.cp2.carla@bahiana.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T17:34:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA- CORRE????O- Juliana Ferreira (3)-1.pdf: 2450597 bytes, checksum: f338eafc73da7ff0cf22745f6a70c2e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by JOELMA MAIA (ebmsp-bibliotecacp2@bahiana.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T20:32:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA- CORRE????O- Juliana Ferreira (3)-1.pdf: 2450597 bytes, checksum: f338eafc73da7ff0cf22745f6a70c2e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA- CORRE????O- Juliana Ferreira (3)-1.pdf: 2450597 bytes, checksum: f338eafc73da7ff0cf22745f6a70c2e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-18 / Introdu????o: A radiofrequ??ncia (RF) ?? uma t??cnica com efeito diat??rmico que promove a produ????o de col??geno e pode ser uma alternativa terap??utica da incontin??ncia anal (IA). Objetivo: Descrever a a????o e os efeitos adversos da RF n??o ablativa (RFNA) com aplica????o em regi??o perianal para o tratamento da incontin??ncia anal em mulheres. M??todos: Trata-se de estudo piloto, realizado com dez mulheres adultas com IA. Foram exclu??das mulheres, com infec????es sist??micas, e uso de marcapasso ou algum tipo de implante met??lico na pelve, gestantes, dificuldade de compreens??o, pacientes com doen??as degenerativas e neurol??gicas, em uso de dispositivo intra-uterino de cobre, gestantes, com dificuldade de compreens??o ou analfabetas, com doen??as neurol??gicas e cong??nitas que provoquem ou tenham associa????o com a IA, com presen??a de fissura, f??stula anal e/ou abcesso anal e prolapso retal. A a????o da aplica????o da t??cnica com a RFNA foi avaliada pelo question??rio de gravidade da IA (FISI), pelo uso de prote????o (absorvente, fralda e pano) e pelo question??rio de qualidade de vida da IA (FIQL). Os efeitos adversos foram avaliados pelo relato ou observa????o de efeitos colaterais como: hiperemia mantida, les??o de mucosa, dor, ard??ncia, prurido, sensa????o de areia em regi??o anal e ??nus molhado ou necessidade de interromper o tratamento. A resposta cl??nica foi avaliada pela escala Likert de satisfa????o de cinco pontos. Foi aplicado a RFNA a uma temperatura entre 39?? a 41?? C, por dois minutos, em regi??o perianal, por cinco sess??es, com periodicidade semanal. Foi realizada a an??lise descritiva. Resultados: A m??dia da idade das participantes foi de 51,90 ?? 11,50 anos. Na avalia????o da gravidade cinco mulheres apresentaram redu????o da IA. Em nenhuma paciente foi necess??rio interromper a aplica????o ou tratamento devido aos efeitos adversos encontrados (ard??ncia, prurido, sensa????o de ??nus molhado ou sensa????o de areia em regi??o anal). A QV ap??s a aplica????o da RFNA, no dom??nio estilo de vida, comportamento e depress??o: 6 participantes melhoraram a QV e no dom??nio constrangimento: 5 participantes apresentaram aumento do escore geral do FIQL. Avaliando a resposta cl??nica, pelo grau de satisfa????o, 9 das 10 mulheres apresentaram-se satisfeitas. Conclus??o: O tratamento da IA com a t??cnica da RFNA em regi??o perianal em mulheres promoveu uma redu????o da perda de fezes e flatos. Os efeitos adversos apresentados n??o foram suficientes para interromper o tratamento ou aplica????o. A resposta da qualidade de vida fecal foi satisfat??ria e positiva, com grau de satisfa????o na maioria das participantes em rela????o ao tratamento.

Reduced availability of high energy-content prey (nutritional stress) is a predominant hypothesis to explain the decline of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations in western Alaska from the late 1970' s to the late 1990' s. Animals may physiologically respond to consuming insufficient prey by increasing stress levels and decreasing metabolic rates. It may thus be possible to identify nutritional stress by measuring concentrations of glucocorticoids (stress) and thyroid hormones (metabolism) shed in feces. However, techniques to measure thyroid hormone concentrations from Steller sea lion feces have not been developed. We quantified variation of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in Steller sea lion feces following injections of thyrotropin (TSH) into four captive animals. Glucocorticoids (GC) were also assayed to examine any relationship to stimulated thyroid hormone secretion. We found that fecal T3 peaked 48 h post-injection and increased 25-57% in three sea lions (all animals, p=0.03). Pre-injection GC increases indicated stress from isolation for baseline fecal collections, but post-injection increases could not be confirmed as a response to TSH injections or as a product of the study design. The results demonstrated that pre- and post-injection changes in fecal GC and T3 concentrations were consistent with predictions of an increased stress response and metabolic rate within the animals. We then measured T3 and GC concentrations in 834 Steller sea lion fecal samples collected in 2005 and 2006 from 15 sites (haulouts and rookeries) between British Columbia and the Central Aleutian Islands. Overall, GC concentrations did not differ between haulout populations (western 2006 pre-pupping and eastern 2005 post-pupping). Fecal hard-part analyses revealed a lower energy-content diet in the western population, suggesting that diet quality is a relevant hypothesis to explain slightly higher GC concentrations found in the western population, specifically the Aleutian Islands region. However, nutritional stress could not be substantiated through T3 concentrations. The rookeries possessed the highest energy-content diets, but also exhibited a nutritional stress response with a significantly higher GC and lower T3 concentration than either haulout population (possibly related to lactation or decreased foraging opportunities), but T3 comparisons performed at scales of site and region were inconclusive. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Juvenal Ricardo Navarro Goes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mergulhao_MelissaEichenbergerAlves_M.pdf: 6053409 bytes, checksum: f6f4ceb9229c4e46eb9fa5a3d2b24f1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: defecação é função privada e sua ocorrência, num momento ou local Índesejável, pode ser constrangedora, ocasionando uma condição de alienação social. A ÍncontÍnência fecal apresenta baixa morbidade; pode estar associada à depressão, ao pessimismo e à dimÍnuição da auto-estima, levando à limitação das atividades da vida diária. Dentre as várias causas da ÍncontÍnência fecaI, a multiparidade e o parto vaginal são considerados fatores de risco significativos. Como opções de tratamento conservador para a ÍncontÍnência fecal tem-se a cÍnesioterapia clássica, o biofeedback e a eletroestimulação, dos quais espera-se aumento do tônus da musculatura esfincteriana e conscientização sensório-motora, permitÍndo ao paciente maior controle sobre sua defecação. o objetivo deste estudo foi comprovar a eficácia da eletroestimulação neuromuscular em pacientes multíparas com ÍncontÍnência fecaI, em estudo comparativo com o tratamento pelo biofeedback isolado ou deste associado à eletroestimulação. Foram estudadas 25 doentes multíparas portadoras de ÍncontÍnência fecaI, e estas foram divididas, mediante sorteio, em três grupos: oito doentes foram submetidas à eletroestimulação; oito, foram tratadas com o emprego da eletroestimulação com biofeedback e nove foram submetidas ao biofeedback. As doentes foram avaliadas pelos seguÍntes parâmetros: manometria anorretal, escore do índice funcionaI clínico de ÍncontÍnência fecaI e questionário de qualidade de vida e tempo de urgência de evacuação, perda de fezes durante o repouso, durante atividades da vida diária, perda de fezes andando, durante esforço leve, moderado, Íntenso e perda de fezes sem perceber, pré e póstratamento. Foi considerada também a estimativa de melhora e o grau de satisfação com o tratamento. O estUdofoi prospectivo e randomizado. A análise dos dados demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o pré e pós-tratamento, Índependentemente do grupo estudado, nas variáveis referentes à área sob o traçado da contração voluntária, escore do índice funcional da ÍncontÍnência fecaI, ao escore da qualidade de vida, tempo de urgência de evacuação, perda de fezes durante repouso,duranteatividadesda vidadiária,perdade fezesandando,perdade fezesduranteo esforço moderado e perda de fezes sem perceber. Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o pré e pós-tratamento no grupo de biofeedback, quando se comparou o valor da pressão anal média da contração voluntária máxima. Já a pressão anal média de repouso, a capacidade de sustentação e a perda de fezes durante esforço intenso não apresentaram nenhuma diferença com significância estatística. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem concluir que a eletroestimulação é eficaz no tratamento da incontinência fecal em doentes multíparas, quando aplicada isoladamente ou em associação com tratamento pelo biofeedback. Estatisticamente não foi constatada superioridade entre os métodos / Abstract: Defecation is a private function and its occurrence at an undesirable moment or place can be embarrassing and lead to a condition of social alienation. Although fecal incontinence does not present a high mortality rate, it causes social and moral perturbations which are difficult to solve. It is an embarrassing condition with important socioeconomic repercussions. It can be associated with depression, pessimism and a drop in the patient self-esteem, leading to restrictions in day-to-day activities. Among the several causes of fecal incontinence, multiparity and vaginal delivery has been implicated as a significant causal factor. Options for the conservative treatment of fecaI incontinence include classical cinesiotherapy, biofeedback and electrostimulation ITomwhich the increase ofthe sphincter muscle tonus as well as of sensorial awareness are expected, resulting in a better defecation control. The aims ofthis study were to prove the efficiency ofneuromuscular electrostimulation in patients with fecal incontinence in comparison with patients treated by biofeedback and patients treated with electrostimulation plus biofeedback. In order to get a homogeneous group, twenty-five females and muhiparas patients sufIering ITom fecal incontinence were allocated to three groups to be submitted to treatment; 8 patients underwent electrostimulation, 8 patients underwent electrostimulation plus biofeedback and 9 patients were submitted to biofeedback alone. The patients were evaluated by anorectal manometry, by a clinical functional index of fecal incontinence, by a questionnaire about their quality of life, time of evacuation urge, loss of feces during rest hours, daily activities , walking, during light, moderate or intense efIort as well as loss of feces without noticing pre- and post-treatment. The patient's evaluation of their improvement and satisfaction degree has also been analyzed. This study was prospective and randomized. The Analysis of the data demonstrated statistically significant difIerences independent of the group assessed between the pre- and post-treatment scores of functional index of fecal incontinence, the quality of life assessments, the area under graphic traces of voluntary squeeze and the times of urgency of evacuation, loss of feces during rest hours, daily actives, waIking, during light or moderate or effort as well as 10ss of feces with out noticing. There was a statistically significant correlation between the pre- and post-treatment in the biofeedback group when comparing the mean anal pressure of maximum voluntary squeeze. However, the mean resting anal pressure and the capacity of sustentation and the 10ss of feces during intense effort did not present any significant difference. The results obtained in the present study enabled us to conclude that electrostimulation is as . etlicacious as biofeedback in the treatment of fecal incontinence, without giving a statistically significant difference between the two methods / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

With recent research being conducted in categorizing and analyzing the human microbiome, evidence has now linked the human microbiome to a range of diseases. Dysbiosis of the human gut microbiome exists in colon cancer, obesity, and Clostridium difficile infections. The use of fecal microbiota transplants has been proven effective in treating recurrent C.difficile infections by restoring gut microbiota. More needs to be done to establish fecal microbiota transplants procedures, effectiveness, and safety. Once established, fecal microbiota transplants may play a role in modulating other diseases linked to human gut microbiome dysbiosis.

No description available.

Saudi Arabia produces a majority of its fruits and vegetables locally in small-scale production farms. These farms utilize groundwater as the main source of irrigation water. The water-regulating authorities in Saudi Arabia rely on traditional culturing methods to monitor coliforms as indicators of microbial contamination. These methods are time-consuming, do not address the sources of contamination, and do not permit assessment on the associated health risk. To address these knowledge gaps, the study investigates the sources of contamination in eight wells northeast of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The study focuses on the potential impact on groundwater quality due to a nearby chicken farm and urban runoffs from human residential areas. Besides performing conventional methods to determine nutrient content and to enumerate coliforms, quantitative PCR using four host-associated primer sets were used to distinguish microbial contamination from humans and livestock. High-throughput sequencing was also performed to determine the relative abundance of several genera associated with opportunistic pathogens. Bacterial isolates were cultivated from the vegetable samples harvested from these farms, and were characterized for their phylogenetic identities. Lastly, the study collates the information to perform quantitative microbial risk assessment due to ingesting antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis in these vegetable samples.

No description available.

Degraded surface water quality is a growing public health concern. While indicator organisms are frequently used as a surrogate measure of pathogen contamination, poor correlation is often observed between indicators and pathogens. Because of adverse health effects associated with poor water quality, an assessment of the factors influencing the fate and transport of fecal pollution is necessary to identify sources and effectively design and implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) to protect and restore surface water quality. Sinking Creek is listed on the State of Tennessee’s 303D list as impaired due to pathogen contamination. The need to address the listing of this and other water bodies on the 303D list through the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process has resulted in increased research to find methods that effectively and universally identify sources of fecal pollution. The main objective of this research is to better understand how microbial, chemical, and physical factors influence pathogen fate and transport in Sinking Creek. This increased understanding can be used to improve source identification and remediation. To accomplish this objective, physical, chemical, and microbial water quality parameters were measured and the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods to identify those parameters influencing pathogen fate and transport. Physical, chemical, and microbial water and soil properties were also characterized along Sinking Creek to determine their influences on the introduction of fecal pollution to surface water. Results indicate that the 30-day geometric mean of fecal indicator organisms is not representative of true watershed dynamics and that their presence does not correlate with the presence of bacterial, protozoan, or viral pathogens in Sinking Creek. The use of multivariate statistical analyses coupled with a targeted water quality-monitoring program has demonstrated that nonpoint sources of fecal pollution vary spatially and temporally and are related to land use patterns. It is suggested that this data analysis approach can be used to effectively identify nonpoint sources of fecal pollution in surface water.

The development and refinement of FA has been adequately investigated with major emphasis on pathogenic microorganisms. The development of this technique has reduced both the time and number of biochemical tests necessary to identify a diversity of organisms. The organisms included are the protozoans, as described by Goldman (1953 and 1957) and by Ingram (1961), viruses, as reported by Liu (1955a) and Burgdorfer and Lackman (1960a), pathogenic bacteria which have been investigated by Moody, Goldman, and Thomason (1956), Moody and Winter (1959), Deason, Falcone, and Harris (1957) and Thomason, Cherry, and Moody (1957). Various fungi have been studied with FA by Kaufman and Brandt (1964), Kaufman and Kaplan (1961 and 1963) and Gordon (1958). Therefore, due to the success of the fluorescent antibody technique in many areas of microbiology in previous investigations, the logical assumption was that immunofluorescence might be incorporated into an efficient system in which a specific organism associated with fecal pollution, such as S. faecalis, could be rapidly identified. Based on this assumption, the feasibility of fluorescent antibody techniques, using S. faecalis was investigated as a means of rapid determination of bacterial pollution in water. Although much progress has been achieved in the study of cytochemical reactions by immunofluorescence, no attention has been focused on the application of this method as a determinative tool by which water contamination, due to the presence of the enterococci, could be demonstrated. Specifically, the purpose of the research reported in this dissertation was to devise an applicable, valid, and rapid method that could be employed in the detection and identification of S. faecalis.

Introduction: Short- and long-term health outcomes of children stem from their first 1000 days of development (3 months prior to conception to 2 years postpartum). Research shows a correlation between poor maternal nutrition and adverse birth outcomes. Various factors such as human breast milk (HBM), gut microbiome (GM), and body mass index (BMI) correlate with nutrition. The purpose of this study was to determine if maternal factors such as BMI impact preterm infant microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. Methods: Sample Collection: In order to understand the effect of maternal health factors on neonatal GM, deidentified stool samples were collected from the NICU at the MUSC and were utilized for GM and SCFA analysis at ETSU. Microbiome Analysis: GM analysis was performed on stool samples using the Qiagen QIAmp PowerFecal Pro DNA Kit. DNA was sequenced using Amplicon sequence of the 16s rRNA region with a modified Klindworth et al method. GM was analyzed using CLC Genomics Workbench v. 23 where Alpha diversity indexes were calculated with the Abundance Analysis tool and the Beta diversity (inter-sample diversity) was calculated using the weighted Unifrac metric. Short Chain Fatty Acid Analysis: The stool samples were subjected to SCFA extraction and analysis via a modified Schwiertz et al. method. Results: Significance was observed between the groups in microbiome for; C-section (yes, no), gestation (<28, 28-32, 33-36 weeks), week of sample collection (1, 2, 3, 4, >4 weeks), and maternal BMI + antibiotics (no antibiotics + normal, overweight, or obese BMI and antibiotics + normal, overweight, or obese BMI). Significance was detected between the groups in fecal fermentation for; recreational drug use (use, no use), preeclampsia (preeclamptic, not), sepsis evaluation (yes, no), week of sample collection (1, 2, 3, 4, >4 weeks), and Fenton measurements for birth length, birth weight, and occipital frontal circumference (small, average, large for gestational age). Conclusions: These results provide valuable insights into the various maternal and neonatal factors on the GM and SCFA profiles of preterm infants, which can have implications for their overall health and development. It is possible for future adverse health outcomes of premature neonates to be attenuated through HBM ingested and GM.